WORKBOOK SACE STAGE 1 Australian Curriculum Chemistry TOPICS > Materials and their atoms > Combining atoms > Molecules > Mixtures and solutions > Acids and bases > Redox reactions Supporting Teachers of Science Advancing Science Education SECOND EDITION Rhys Lewis
CONTENTS 3 Contents ABOUT THIS BOOK 4 CHAPTER 1 TOPIC 1: MATERIALS AND THEIR ATOMS 5 1.1: Properties and uses of materials 6 1.2: Atomic structure 24 1.3: Quantities of atoms 44 1.4: The periodic table 56 Review Test 1 69 CHAPTER 2 TOPIC 2: COMBINING ATOMS 77 2.1: Types of materials 78 2.2: Bonding between atoms 82 2.3: Quantities of molecules and ions 120 Review Test 2 125 CHAPTER 3 TOPIC 3: MOLECULES 131 3.1: Molecule polarity 132 3.2: Interactions between molecules 146 3.3: Hydrocarbons 155 3.4: Polymers 178 Review Test 3 187 CHAPTER 4 TOPIC 4: MIXTURES AND SOLUTIONS 193 4.1: Miscibility and solutions 194 4.2: Solutions of ionic substances 203 4.3: Quantities in reactions 212 4.4: Energy in reactions 235 Review Test 4 246 CHAPTER 5 TOPIC 5: ACIDS AND BASES 251 5.1: Acid base concepts 252 5.2: Reactions of acids and bases 258 5.3: The ph scale 271 Review Test 5 282 CHAPTER 6 TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS 287 6.1: Concepts of oxidation and reduction 288 6.2: Metal reactivity 305 6.3: Electrochemistry 314 Review Test 6 333 SOLUTIONS TO CHAPTER QUESTIONS AND REVIEW TESTS 337 PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS 395
TOPIC 1: MATERIALS AND THEIR ATOMS 1.1 Properties and uses of materials 1.2 Atomic structure 1.3 Quantities of atoms 1.4 The periodic table Review Test 1 CHAPTER 1
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CHAPTER 1 TOPIC 1: MATERIALS AND THEIR ATOMS 25 nn nn
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36 SASTA STAGE 1 CHEMISTRY WORKBOOK AA AA NN NN = AA ZZ NN = 239 94 NN = 145 ZZ ZZ XX NN = AA ZZ AA = NN + ZZ AA = 128 + 82 AA = 210
CHAPTER 1 TOPIC 1: MATERIALS AND THEIR ATOMS 37 1 1H 2 1H 3 1H 14 6C 37 17Cl 235 92U
CHAPTER 1 TOPIC 1: MATERIALS AND THEIR ATOMS 39 nn
44 SASTA STAGE 1 CHEMISTRY WORKBOOK nn = mm MM nn
46 SASTA STAGE 1 CHEMISTRY WORKBOOK nn = mm MM nn mm MM nn = mm MM nn = 15.45 63.55 nn = 0.24 mol nn = mm MM mm = nnnn mm = 0.250 x 180.156 mm = 45.039 g
CHAPTER 1 TOPIC 1: MATERIALS AND THEIR ATOMS 49 mm nn
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CHAPTER 5 TOPIC 5: ACIDS AND BASES 287 TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS 6.1 Concepts of oxidation and reduction 6.2 Metal reactivity 6.3 Electrochemistry Review Test 6 CHAPTER 6
288 SASTA STAGE 1 CHEMISTRY WORKBOOK 2H 2 + O 2 2H 2 O 2KClO 3 2KCl + 3O 2
CHAPTER 6 TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS 289 2Fe + 3Cl 2 2FeCl 3 Fe Fe 3+ + 3e Cl 2 + 2e 2Cl
292 SASTA STAGE 1 CHEMISTRY WORKBOOK Cl 2 + 2NaBr 2NaCl + Br 2
CHAPTER 6 TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS 295 2Al + 3I 2 2AlI 3 Al Al 3+ Al Al 3+ Al Al 3+ + 3e I 2 2I I 2 2I I 2 + 2e 2I
296 SASTA STAGE 1 CHEMISTRY WORKBOOK Al Al 3+ + 3e I 2 + 2e 2I 2Al 2Al 3+ + 6e 3I 2 + 6e 6I 2Al + 3I 2 + 6e 2Al 3+ + 6I + 6e 2Al + 3I 2 2Al 3+ + 6I
CHAPTER 6 TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS 297 Ca + F 2 CaF 2 2Sb + 5Cl 2 2SbCl 5
298 SASTA STAGE 1 CHEMISTRY WORKBOOK Zn + I 2 ZnI 2 2Al + 3Br 2 2AlBr 3
CHAPTER 6 TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS 299 MnO 4 + 8H + + 5e Mn 2+ + 4H 2 O Cr 2 O 7 2 2Cr 3+ Cr 2 O 7 2 2Cr 3+ + 7H 2 O Cr 2 O 7 2 + 14H + 2Cr 3+ + 7H 2 O Cr 2 O 7 2 + 14H + 2Cr 3+ + 7H 2 O Cr 2 O 7 2 + 14H + + 6e 2Cr 3+ + 7H 2 O
300 SASTA STAGE 1 CHEMISTRY WORKBOOK C 2 H 5 OH CH 3 COOH C 2 H 5 OH + H 2 O CH 3 COOH C 2 H 5 OH + H 2 O CH 3 COOH + 4H + C 2 H 5 OH + H 2 O CH 3 COOH + 4H + C 2 H 5 OH + H 2 O CH 3 COOH + 4H + + 4e 2Cr 2 O 7 2 + 28H + + 12e 4Cr 3+ + 14H 2 O 3C 2 H 5 OH + 3H 2 O 3CH 3 COOH + 12H + + 12e 3C 2 H 5 OH + 2Cr 2 O 7 2 + 16H + 3CH 3 COOH + 4Cr 3+ + 11H 2 O
CHAPTER 6 TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS 301 N 2 2NH 3 + H 2 NH 3 + O 2 NH 2 OH NH 2 OH NO 2 NO 2 NO 3 NO 3 N 2
CHAPTER 6 TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS 305 + K (s) K (aq) 2+ Ca (s) Ca (aq) + Na (s) Na (aq) 2+ Mg (s) Mg (aq) 3+ Al (s) Al (aq) 2+ Zn (s) Zn (aq) 2+ Fe (s) Fe (aq) 2+ Ni (s) Ni (aq) 2+ Sn (s) Sn (aq) + e + 2e + e + 2e + 3e + 2e + 2e + 2e 2+ Pb (s) Pb (aq) + 2e + 2e 2+ Cu (s) Cu (aq) + Ag (s) Ag (aq) 3+ Au (s) Au (aq) + 2e + e + 3e
306 SASTA STAGE 1 CHEMISTRY WORKBOOK 2+ Zn (s) + Cu (aq) Zn (s) Zn (aq) 2+ Cu (aq) 2+ 2+ Zn (aq) + 2e + 2e Cu (s) + Cu (s) Mg + 2Ag + Mg 2+ + 2Ag Ag + Mg 2+ No reaction
CHAPTER 6 TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS 307
CHAPTER 6 TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS 311 M + HX MX + H 2 Ca + 2HCl CaCl 2 + H 2 Ca + 2H + Ca 2+ + H 2 M M + + e 2H + + 2e H 2
CHAPTER 6 TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS 313
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CHAPTER 6 TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS 315 Mg Mg 2+ + 2e Cu 2+ + 2e Cu Cu 2+ + Mg Cu + Mg 2+
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324 SASTA STAGE 1 CHEMISTRY WORKBOOK Zn + 2OH ZnO + H 2 O + 2e HgO + H 2 O + 2e Hg + 2OH HgO + Zn Hg + ZnO
CHAPTER 6 TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS 325 Zn + 2OH ZnO + H 2 O + 2e 2MnO 2 + H 2 O + 2e Mn 2 O 3 + 2OH 2MnO 2 + Zn Mn 2 O 3 + ZnO
CHAPTER 6 TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS 329 Cd + 2OH Cd(OH) 2 + 2e 2NiO(OH) + 2H 2 O + 2e 2Ni(OH) 2 + 2OH 2NiO(OH) + 2H 2 O + Cd 2Ni(OH) 2 + Cd(OH) 2 2Ni(OH) 2 + Cd(OH) 2 2NiO(OH) + 2H 2 O + Cd
330 SASTA STAGE 1 CHEMISTRY WORKBOOK Pb + SO 4 2 PbSO 4 + 2e PbO 2 + SO 4 2 + 4H + + 2e PbSO 4 + 2H 2 O PbO 2 + 2SO 4 2 + 4H + + Pb 2PbSO 4 + 2H 2 O 2PbSO 4 + 2H 2 O PbO 2 + 2SO 4 2 + 4H + + Pb
CHAPTER 6 TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS 331 LiC 6 C 6 + Li + + e CoO 2 + Li + + e LiCoO 2 Li + + e + LiCoO 2 Li 2 O + CoO
CHAPTER 6 TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS 337 SOLUTIONS TO CHAPTER QUESTIONS AND REVIEW TESTS
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SOLUTIONS TO CHAPTER QUESTIONS AND REVIEW TESTS 339
SOLUTIONS TO CHAPTER QUESTIONS AND REVIEW TESTS 393 Fe 2 O 3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO 2 Cr 2 O 7 2 + 14H + + 6e 2Cr 3+ + 7H 2 O Fe 2+ Fe 3+ + e 6Fe 2+ 6Fe 3+ + 6e Cr 2 O 7 2 + 14H + + 6Fe 2+ 2Cr 3+ + 7H 2 O + 6Fe 3+ Fe 2+ Cr 2 O 7 2 2Na + 2H 2 O 2NaOH + H 2 Na Na + + e 2H 2 O + 2e 2OH + H 2
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