Unit Three Worksheet Meteorology/Oceanography 2 WS GE U3 2 Name Period Section 17.3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Of the following, which is NOT a factor that controls temperature? (C) latitude (D) longitude (E) ocean currents The temperature differences seen between Quito, Equador and Guayaquil, Ecuador illustrate the effect of. The temperature differences seen between Vancouver, Canada and Winnipeg, Canada illustrate the effect of. The temperature differences seen between New York City, New York and Eureka, California illustrate the effect of. The temperature differences seen between Spokane, Washington and Seattle, Washington illustrate the effect of. causes clouds to reflect a portion of sunlight back to space. (A) Albedo (B) Refraction (C) Solarity (D) Temperature recreation In general, temperatures at high altitudes tend to be temperatures at lower altitudes if at the same latitude. (A) higher than (B) lower than (C) the same as Which of the following is a general trend on a world isothermal map? (A) Temperatures increase from the tropics toward the poles. (B) Temperatures decrease from the tropics toward the poles. (C) Temperatures decrease from east to west. (D) Temperatures increase from east to west. Short Answer. Answer the following questions. 9. How do the heating of land and water differ? page 1 WS GE U3 2
10. Why do some coastal cities experience a moderation of temperature from water while others do not? Section 19.1 Match the definition with the term that best correlates to it. No definition will be used more than once. 11. Air pressure A) The force exerted by the weight of a column of air above a given point 12. Barometer B) Amount of pressure change occurring over a given distance C) Swift, high-altitude winds 13. Coriolis effect D) Apparent deflective force of Earth s rotation on all freemoving objects, including the oceans and atmosphere 14. Jet stream E) Technology that measures atmospheric pressure 15. Pressure gradient 16. 17. 18. 19. In a mercury barometer, when air pressure increases, the mercury in the tube. (A) falls (B) falls, then rises (C) rises (D) rises, then falls Which of the following is a difference between a mercury barometer and an aneroid barometer? (A) The mercury barometer is smaller. (B) The mercury barometer can provide a continuous record of pressure changes. (C) The aneroid barometer is not as portable. (D) The aneroid barometer does not use mercury to measure pressure changes. What is the most significant source of energy for most wind? (A) air pressure (C) changes in humidity (B) air temperature (D) solar radiation Which of the following is true about air pressure acting on an object? (A) The amount pushing down on the object will gradually decrease with time. (B) The amount pushing up on the object with gradually increase with time. (C) There is more air pressure pushing up on the object than there is pushing down. (D) There is just as much air pressure pushing up as there is pushing down on the object. page 2 WS GE U3 2
20. 21. 22. The pressure differences that make wind happen are caused. (A) by a sudden drop in humidity (B) when water vapor in the air rises then falls (C) by accumulations of clouds in different areas (D) by the unequal heating of Earth s surface On a weather map, what do isobars placed close together indicate? (A) a steep pressure gradient and high winds (B) a steep pressure gradient and weak winds (C) a weak pressure gradient and high winds (D) no pressure gradient and therefore no winds What are the most prominent features of airflow above the friction layer? (A) jet streams (C) right-deflected winds (B) vertically-moving winds (D) left-deflected winds Short Answer. Answer the following question. 23. How are isobars related to pressure gradients? What three factors combine to control wind? 24. 25. 26. Complete the following table. Factors That Affect Wind Factor Ultimate Cause Effect on Wind 28. Pressure Differences Unequal heating of Earth s surface by the sun 27. 29. Coriolis Effect page 3 WS GE U3 2
Factors That Affect Wind Factor Factor Factor 30. 31. Friction Section 19.2 Match the definition with the term that best correlates to it. No definition will be used more than once. 32. Anticyclone A) The dominant west-to-east motion of the atmosphere that characterizes the regions on the poleward side of the 33. Cyclone subtropical highs B) Winds that blow from the polar high toward the subpolar low 34. Monsoon C) Stormy frontal zone separating cold air masses of polar origin from warm air masses of tropical origin 35. Polar easterlies D) Seasonal reversal of wind direction associated with large continents 36. Polar front E) High-pressure center characterized by a clockwise flow of air in the Northern Hemisphere 37. Trade winds F) Low-pressure center characterizes by a counterclockwise flow of air in the Northern Hemisphere 38. Westerlies G) Two belts of winds that blow almost constantly from easterly directions and are located on the north and south sides of the subtropical highs 39. 40. 41. Pressure decreases from the outer isobars toward the center in. (A) anticyclones (B) cyclones (C) jet streams (D) polar fronts Because of the Coriolis effect, wind in the Southern Hemisphere. (A) is deflected to the left (B) is deflected to the right (C) rises higher into the atmosphere (D) sinks lower into the atmosphere In the Northern Hemisphere, pressure gradients and the Coriolis effect applied to lowpressure centers produce winds that blow. (A) outward and clockwise (B) outward and counterclockwise (C) inward and clockwise (D) inward and counterclockwise page 4 WS GE U3 2
42. 43. 44. The effect of friction on the net flow of air around cyclones is that is causes air to flow. (A) inward in the Northern Hemisphere (B) outward in the Southern Hemisphere (C) inward in either hemisphere (D) outward in either hemisphere The atmosphere balances the unequal heating of Earth s surface by moving. (A) cool air toward high latitudes and warm air toward the equator (B) warm air toward high latitudes and cool air toward the equator (C) cool air toward the east and warm air toward the west (D) warm air toward the east and cool air toward the west Weather in the United States is moved by the westerlies in a(n). (A) east to west direction across the continent (B) northwest to southeast direction across the continent (C) west to east direction across the continent (D) southeast to northwest direction across the continent Match the letter in the figure at right with the corresponding part of the global circulation model. 45. Northeast trade winds 46. Southeast trade winds 47. Polar easterlies 48. Equatorial low 49. Westerlies 50. Subpolar low 51. Subtropical high Short Answer. Answer the following questions. 52. How does friction control the net flow of air around a cyclone and an anticyclone? 53. Why do weather reports always emphasize cyclones and anticyclones? page 5 WS GE U3 2
54. What must happen in the air above for divergence at the surface to be maintained, and what type of pressure center accompanies surface divergence? Section 19.3 Match the definition with the term that best correlates to it. No definition will be used more than once. 55. Anemometer A) Technology used to determine wind speed B) Wind that consistently blows from one direction more than 56. El Niño from another C) Periodic warming of the ocean that occurs in the central 57. Prevailing wind and eastern Pacific and can cause extreme weather in many parts of the world 58. How often does El Niño occur? (A) about every other year (B) every 10 years (C) about every 2 to 3 years (D) about every 3 to 7 years 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. Which of the following best describes a La Niña? (A) Unusually long El Niño event (C) Cause of an El Niño event (B) Opposite of El Niño event (D) Its effects are localized, not global. Local winds are caused by either topographic effects or by variations in. (A) temperature (C) air pressure (B) surface composition (D) the Coriolis effect Which of the following is the initial major effect of an El Niño? (A) Cold nutrient-rich offshore waters are replaced by warm equatorial waters. (B) Warm nutrient-rich equatorial waters are replaced by cold offshore waters. (C) Cold offshore waters are replaced by warm nutrient-rich equatorial waters. (D) Warm offshore waters are replaced by cold equatorial waters. According to researchers, how is a La Niña event triggered? (A) by warmer than average surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific (B) by colder than average surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific (C) by warmer than average coastal water temperatures in the eastern Pacific (D) by colder than average coastal water temperatures in the eastern Pacific When is a land breeze most likely to occur? (A) morning (B) noon (C) late afternoon (D) night page 6 WS GE U3 2
64. A gentle wind covering less that one hundred kilometers is called. (A) a jet stream (C) a breeze (B) the doldrums (D) a trade wind 65. A sea breeze is most intense. (A) during mid- to late-afternoon (B) in the late morning (C) late in the evening (D) at sunrise Short Answer. Answer the following questions. 66. On a camping trip on the Oregon coast, you decide to hike to the ocean, but you are not sure of the direction. The time is 4:00 P.M. How might the breeze help you find the ocean? Why? 67. Describe the general movement of weather in the United States. What two factors mainly influence global precipitation? 68. 69. page 7 WS GE U3 2