Some results on a cross-section in the tensor bundle

Similar documents
Monica Purcaru and Nicoleta Aldea. Abstract

SOME RESULTS ON TRANSFORMATIONS GROUPS OF N-LINEAR CONNECTIONS IN THE 2-TANGENT BUNDLE

On Four Dimensional Semi-C-reducible. Landsberg Space

About Three Important Transformations Groups

Stanford University CS254: Computational Complexity Notes 7 Luca Trevisan January 29, Notes for Lecture 7

On Pfaff s solution of the Pfaff problem

Lectures - Week 4 Matrix norms, Conditioning, Vector Spaces, Linear Independence, Spanning sets and Basis, Null space and Range of a Matrix

η-einstein Complex Finsler-Randers Spaces

The Finite Element Method: A Short Introduction

Bezier curves. Michael S. Floater. August 25, These notes provide an introduction to Bezier curves. i=0

TR/95 February Splines G. H. BEHFOROOZ* & N. PAPAMICHAEL

Affine and Riemannian Connections

CONDITIONS FOR INVARIANT SUBMANIFOLD OF A MANIFOLD WITH THE (ϕ, ξ, η, G)-STRUCTURE. Jovanka Nikić

SUPER PRINCIPAL FIBER BUNDLE WITH SUPER ACTION

THE CARTIER ISOMORPHISM. These are the detailed notes for a talk I gave at the Kleine AG 1 in April Frobenius

ABOUT THE GROUP OF TRANSFORMATIONS OF METRICAL SEMISYMMETRIC N LINEAR CONNECTIONS ON A GENERALIZED HAMILTON SPACE OF ORDER TWO

338 A^VÇÚO 1n ò Lke n Mancn (211), we make te followng assumpton to control te beavour of small jumps. Assumpton 1.1 L s symmetrc α-stable, were α (,

ON AUTOMATIC CONTINUITY OF DERIVATIONS FOR BANACH ALGEBRAS WITH INVOLUTION

Problem Set 4: Sketch of Solutions

The Jacobsthal and Jacobsthal-Lucas Numbers via Square Roots of Matrices

Bézier curves. Michael S. Floater. September 10, These notes provide an introduction to Bézier curves. i=0

3. Stress-strain relationships of a composite layer

On a Semi-symmetric Non-metric Connection Satisfying the Schur`s Theorem on a Riemannian Manifold

Note On Some Identities of New Combinatorial Integers

Research on Complex Networks Control Based on Fuzzy Integral Sliding Theory

Screen transversal conformal half-lightlike submanifolds

Linear, affine, and convex sets and hulls In the sequel, unless otherwise specified, X will denote a real vector space.

TANGENT DIRAC STRUCTURES OF HIGHER ORDER. P. M. Kouotchop Wamba, A. Ntyam, and J. Wouafo Kamga

Games of Threats. Elon Kohlberg Abraham Neyman. Working Paper

CENTROID (AĞIRLIK MERKEZİ )

8.4 COMPLEX VECTOR SPACES AND INNER PRODUCTS

Projective change between two Special (α, β)- Finsler Metrics

Adaptive Kernel Estimation of the Conditional Quantiles

CENTROID (AĞIRLIK MERKEZİ )

Physics 5153 Classical Mechanics. D Alembert s Principle and The Lagrangian-1

DIFFERENTIAL FORMS BRIAN OSSERMAN

Randers Space with Special Nonlinear Connection

Lecture 7: Gluing prevarieties; products

Multivariate Ratio Estimator of the Population Total under Stratified Random Sampling

Applied Mathematics Letters. On equitorsion geodesic mappings of general affine connection spaces onto generalized Riemannian spaces

Bernoulli Numbers and Polynomials

ELASTIC WAVE PROPAGATION IN A CONTINUOUS MEDIUM

Three views of mechanics

Competitive Experimentation and Private Information

PHYS 705: Classical Mechanics. Calculus of Variations II

MATH 241B FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS - NOTES EXAMPLES OF C ALGEBRAS

Talk at ANZMC Ã ICIAM. Categorical and Combinatorial Aspects of Descent Theory

The finite element method explicit scheme for a solution of one problem of surface and ground water combined movement

Circular units of an abelian field ramified at three primes

M-LINEAR CONNECTION ON THE SECOND ORDER REONOM BUNDLE

WEYL MANIFOLDS WITH SEMI-SYMMETRIC CONNECTION. Füsun Ünal 1 and Aynur Uysal 2. Turkey.

12. The Hamilton-Jacobi Equation Michael Fowler

General viscosity iterative method for a sequence of quasi-nonexpansive mappings

Integral Formula of Minkowski Type and New Characterization of the Wulff Shape

APPENDIX A Some Linear Algebra

17. Coordinate-Free Projective Geometry for Computer Vision

Quantum Runge-Lenz Vector and the Hydrogen Atom, the hidden SO(4) symmetry

= = = (a) Use the MATLAB command rref to solve the system. (b) Let A be the coefficient matrix and B be the right-hand side of the system.

Deriving the X-Z Identity from Auxiliary Space Method

Ballot Paths Avoiding Depth Zero Patterns

Quantum Particle Motion in Physical Space

Causal Diamonds. M. Aghili, L. Bombelli, B. Pilgrim

arxiv: v1 [math.co] 12 Sep 2014

Inner Product. Euclidean Space. Orthonormal Basis. Orthogonal

corresponding to those of Heegaard diagrams by the band moves

FACTORIZATION IN KRULL MONOIDS WITH INFINITE CLASS GROUP

Fedosov s approach to deformation quantization

Representation theory and quantum mechanics tutorial Representation theory and quantum conservation laws

Cyclic Codes BCH Codes

Solution for singularly perturbed problems via cubic spline in tension

2-π STRUCTURES ASSOCIATED TO THE LAGRANGIAN MECHANICAL SYSTEMS UDC 531.3: (045)=111. Victor Blãnuţã, Manuela Gîrţu

A CLASS OF VARIATIONAL PROBLEMS FOR SUBMANIFOLDS IN A SPACE FORM

AERODYNAMICS I LECTURE 6 AERODYNAMICS OF A WING FUNDAMENTALS OF THE LIFTING-LINE THEORY

Aerodynamics. Finite Wings Lifting line theory Glauert s method

Chapter 6. Rotations and Tensors

Geodesic mappings of equiaffine and anti-equiaffine general affine connection spaces preserving torsion

5 The Laplace Equation in a convex polygon

LECTURE 5: FIBRATIONS AND HOMOTOPY FIBERS

Root Structure of a Special Generalized Kac- Moody Algebra

Math 212-Lecture 9. For a single-variable function z = f(x), the derivative is f (x) = lim h 0

PubH 7405: REGRESSION ANALYSIS. SLR: INFERENCES, Part II

More metrics on cartesian products

arxiv: v1 [math.co] 1 Mar 2014

n α j x j = 0 j=1 has a nontrivial solution. Here A is the n k matrix whose jth column is the vector for all t j=0

Special Relativity and Riemannian Geometry. Department of Mathematical Sciences

Finslerian Nonholonomic Frame For Matsumoto (α,β)-metric

Numerical Simulation of One-Dimensional Wave Equation by Non-Polynomial Quintic Spline

Salmon: Lectures on partial differential equations. Consider the general linear, second-order PDE in the form. ,x 2

A NOTE OF DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY

A Global Approach to Absolute Parallelism Geometry

Coordinate-Free Projective Geometry for Computer Vision

3.1 Expectation of Functions of Several Random Variables. )' be a k-dimensional discrete or continuous random vector, with joint PMF p (, E X E X1 E X

Determinants Containing Powers of Generalized Fibonacci Numbers

Counterexamples to the Connectivity Conjecture of the Mixed Cells

Mathematical Preparations

Kinematics of Fluids. Lecture 16. (Refer the text book CONTINUUM MECHANICS by GEORGE E. MASE, Schaum s Outlines) 17/02/2017

Journal of Algebra 368 (2012) Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect. Journal of Algebra.

On the geometry of higher order Lagrange spaces.

On a nonlinear compactness lemma in L p (0, T ; B).

From Biot-Savart Law to Divergence of B (1)

Transcription:

Hacettepe Journa of Matematcs and Statstcs Voume 43 3 214, 391 397 Some resuts on a cross-secton n te tensor bunde ydın Gezer and Murat tunbas bstract Te present paper s devoted to some resuts concernng wt te compete fts of an amost compex structure and a connecton n a manfod to ts, q-tensor bunde aong te correspondng cross-secton. Keywords: most compex structure, most anaytc tensor, Compete ft, Connecton, Tensor bunde. 2 MS Cassfcaton: Prmary 53C15; Secondary 53B5. 1. Introducton Te beavour of te fts of tensor feds and connectons on a manfod to ts dfferent bundes aong te correspondng cross-sectons are studed by severa autors. For te case tangent and cotangent bundes, see [13, 14, 15] and aso tangent bundes of order 2 and order r, see [3, 11]. In [2], te frst autor and s coaborator studed te compete ft of an amost compex structure n a manfod on te so-caed pure cross-secton of ts p, q-tensor bunde by means of te Tacbana operator for dagona ft to te p, q-tensor bunde see [1] and for te, q-tensor bunde see [5]. Moreover tey proved tat f a manfod admts an amost compex structure, ten so does on te pure cross-secton of ts p, q- tensor bunde provded tat te amost compex structure s ntegrabe. In [6], te autors gve detaed descrpton of geodescs of te p, q- tensor bunde wt respect to te compete ft of an affne connecton. Te purpose of te present paper s two-fod. Frsty, to sow te compete ft of an amost compex structure n a manfod to ts, q-tensor bunde aong te correspondng cross-secton, wen restrcted to te cross-secton determned by an amost anaytc tensor fed, s an amost compex structure. Fnay, to study te beavor of te compete ft of a connecton on te cross-secton of te, q-tensor bunde. taturk Unversty, Facuty of Scence, Department of Matematcs, 2524, Erzurum- TUKEY, Ema: agezer@ataun.edu.tr Correspondng utor. Erzncan Unversty, Facuty of Scence and rt, Department of Matematcs, 243, Erzncan-TUKEY, Ema: matunbas@erzncan.edu.tr

Trougout ts paper, a manfods, tensor feds and connectons are aways assumed to be dfferentabe of cass C. so, we denote by I p qm te set of a tensor feds of type p, q on M, and by I p qt q M te correspondng set on te, q -tensor bunde T q M. Te Ensten summaton conventon s used, te range of te ndces, j, s beng aways {1, 2,..., n}. 2. Premnares Let M be a dfferentabe manfod of cass C and fnte dmenson n. Ten te set Tq M = P M Tq P, q >, s te tensor bunde of type, q over M, were denotes te dsjont unon of te tensor spaces Tq P for a P M. For any pont P of Tq M suc tat P Tq M, te surjectve correspondence P P determnes te natura projecton π : Tq M M. Te projecton π defnes te natura dfferentabe manfod structure of Tq M, tat s, Tq M s a C -manfod of dmenson n n q. If x j are oca coordnates n a negborood U of P M, ten a tensor t at P wc s an eement of Tq M s expressbe n te form x j, t j1...j q, were t j1...j q are components of t wt respect to natura base. We may consder x j, t j1...j q = x j, x j = x J, j = 1,..., n, j = n 1,..., n n q, J = 1,..., n n pq as oca coordnates n a negborood π 1 U. Let V = V x and = j1...j q dx j1 dx jq be te oca expressons n U of a vector fed V and a, qtensor fed on M, respectvey. Ten te vertca ft V of and te compete ft C V of V are gven, wt respect to te nduced coordnates, by 2.1 V = and 2.2 j1...j q V j C V = q t j1...m...j q jλ V m. Suppose tat tere s gven a tensor fed ξ I qm. Ten te correspondence x ξ x, ξ x beng te vaue of ξ at x M, determnes a mappng σ ξ : M Tq M, suc tat π σ ξ = d M, and te n dmensona submanfod σ ξ M of Tq M s caed te cross-secton determned by ξ. If te tensor fed ξ as te oca components ξ k1 k q x k, te cross-secton σ ξ M s ocay expressed by 2.3 { x k = x k, x k = ξ k1 k q x k wt respect to te coordnates x k, x k n Tq M. Dfferentatng 2.3 by x j, we see tat n tangent vector feds B j to σ ξ M ave components 2.4 Bj K = xk x j = δj k j ξ k1 k q wt respect to te natura frame { k, k } n T q M.

On te oter and, te fbre s ocay expressed by { x k = const., t k1 k q = t k1 k q, t k1 k q beng consdered as parameters. Tus, on dfferentatng wt respect to x j = t j1 j q, we see tat n q tangent vector feds C j to te fbre ave components 2.5 C K j = xk x = j δ j1 k 1 δ jq k q wt respect to te natura frame { } k, k n T q M. We consder n π 1 U Tq M, n n q oca vector feds B j and C j aong ] σ ξ M. Tey form a oca famy of frames [B j, C j aong σ ξ M, wc s caed te adapted B, Cframe of σ ξ M n π 1 U. Takng account of 2.2 on te cross-secton σ ξ M, and aso 2.4 and 2.5, we can easy prove tat, te compete ft C V as aong σ ξ M components of te form 2.6 C V V = j L V ξ j1 j q wt respect to te adapted B, C-frame. From 2.1, 2.4 and 2.5, te vertca ft V aso as components of te form 2.7 V = j1...j q wt respect to te adapted B, C- frame. 3. most compex structures on a pure cross-secton n te, q- tensor bunde tensor fed ξ I qm s caed pure wt respect to ϕ I 1 1M, f [2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 1, 12]: 3.1 ϕ r j 1 ξ r jq = = ϕ r j q ξ j1 r = ξ j1 j q. In partcuar, vector and covector feds w be consdered to be pure. Let I qm denotes a modue of a te tensor feds ξ I qm wc are pure wt respect to ϕ. Now, we consder a pure cross-secton σ ϕ ξ M determned by ξ I qm. Te compete ft C ϕ of ϕ aong te pure cross-secton σ ϕ ξ M to Tq M as oca components of te form C ϕ = ϕ k Φ ϕ ξ k1...k q ϕ r1 k 1 δ r2 k 2...δ rq k q wt respect to te adapted B, Cframe of σ ϕ ξ M, were Φ ϕξ k1 k q = ϕ m m ξ k1 k q ξk1 k q q ka ϕ m ξ k1 m k q s te Tacbana operator. a=1

and We consder tat te oca vector feds C X = C x =C δ x = δ V X = V dx 1 dx q = V δ 1 1 δ q q dx 1 dx q = δ 1 1 δ q q = 1,..., n, = n 1,..., n n q span te modue of vector feds n π 1 U. Hence, any tensor feds s determned n π 1 U by ter actons on C V and V for any V I 1 M and I qm. Te compete ft C ϕ aong te pure cross-secton M as te propertes σ ϕ ξ 3.2 { C ϕ C V = C ϕv V L V ϕ ξ, V I 1 M, C ϕ V = V ϕ, I qm, wc caracterze C ϕ, were ϕ I qm. vector fed on Tq M and ocay expressed by V L V ϕ ξ = L V ϕ j 1 ξ j2 q emark tat V L V ϕ ξ s a wt respect to te adapted B, C-frame, were ξ 1 q are oca components of ξ n M [5]. 3.1. Teorem. Let M be an amost compex manfod wt an amost compex structure ϕ. Ten, te compete ft C ϕ I 1 1Tq M, wen restrcted to te pure cross-secton determned by an amost anaytc tensor ξ on M, s an amost compex structure. Proof. If V I 1 M and I qm, n vew of te equatons and of 3.2, we ave 3.3 C ϕ 2 C V = C ϕ 2 C V V N ϕ ξ C V and 3.4 C ϕ 2 V = C ϕ 2 V, were N ϕ,x Y = L ϕx ϕ ϕl X ϕy = [ϕx, ϕy ] ϕ [X, ϕy ] ϕ [ϕx, Y ] ϕ 2 [X, Y ] = N ϕ X, Y s notng but te Njenus tensor constructed by ϕ. Let ϕ I 1 1M be an amost compex structure and ξ I qm be a pure tensor wt respect to ϕ. If Φ ϕ ξ =, te pure tensor ξ s caed an amost anaytc, qtensor. In [4, 7, 9], t s proved tat ξ ϕ I qm s an amost anaytc tensor f and ony f ξ I qm s an amost anaytc tensor. Moreover f ξ I qm s an amost anaytc tensor, ten N ϕ ξ =. Wen restrcted to te pure cross-secton determned by an amost anaytc tensor ξ on M, from 3.3, 3.4 and nearty of te compete ft, we ave C ϕ 2 = C ϕ 2 = C I M = I T q M. Ts competes te proof.

4. Compete ft of a symmetrc affne connecton on a crosssecton n te, q-tensor bunde We now assume tat s an affne connecton wt zero torson on M. Let Γ j be components of. Te compete ft C of to Tq M as components C Γ I MS suc tat 4.1 C Γ ms = Γ ms, C Γms = C Γ ms = C Γ ms = C Γ ms =, C Γ ms = Γ sc m c δ s1 1...δ sc1 c1 δ sc1 c1...δ sq q, C Γ ms = C Γ ms = c=1 Γ mc s c δ m1 1 c=1...δ mc1 c1 δ mc1 c1...δ mq q, m Γ a s c Γ r m c Γ a sr Γ r msγ a r c t 1... c1a c1... q c=1 1 Γ m 2 c Γ r s b Γ m b Γ r s c t 1... b1 r b1... c1 c1... q b=1 c=1 t 1... q d=1 d km wt respect to te natura frame n Tq M, were δj Kronecker deta and km s components of te curvature tensor of [6]. We now study te affne connecton nduced from C on te cross-secton σ ξ M determned by te, qtensor fed ξ n M wt respect to te adapted B, C- frame of σ ξ M. Te vector feds C j gven by 2.5 are neary ndependent and not tangent to σ ξ M. We take te vector feds C j as normas to te cross-secton σ ξ M and defne an affne connecton nduced on te cross-secton. Te affne connecton nduced σ ξ M from te compete ft C of a symmetrc affne connecton n M as components of te form 4.2 Γ j = j B were B are defned by and tus C Γ CBB C j B B B, B, C = B, C 1 4.3 B = δ,, C = j ξ k1...k q, δ j1 k 1...δ jq k q. Substtutng 4.1, 2.4, 2.5 and 4.3 n 4.2, we get Γ j = Γ j, were Γ j are components of n M. From 4.2, we see tat te quantty 4.4 j B C Γ CBBj C B B Γ jb

s a near combnaton of te vectors C n 4.4 and fnd j ξ 1... q ξ 1... q Hence, representng 4.4 by j B 4.5 j B = j ξ 1... q λ j.. To fnd te coeffcents, we put =, we obtan ξ 1... q λ j C. Te ast equaton s notng but te equaton of Gauss for te cross-secton σ ξ M determned by ξ 1... q. Hence, we ave te foowng proposton. 4.1. Proposton. Te cross-secton σ ξ M n Tq M determned by a, q tensor ξ n M wt symmetrc affne connecton s totay geodesc f and ony f ξ satsfes j ξ 1... q ξ 1... q λ j =. Now, et us appy te operator k to 4.5, we ave 4.6 k j B = k j ξ 1... q ξ 1... q λ j C. ecang tat k j B j k B = DCB Bk D Bj C B B kj B, and usng te cc dentty for a tensor fed of type, q, from 4.6 we get = [ k DCB Bk D Bj C B B λ j kj B j λ k ξ 1... q kj λ ξ 1... q Tus we ave te resut beow. kj ξ 1... q λ j k ξ 1... q 4.2. Proposton. DCB B D f and ony f k j λ j = kj ξ 1... q k Bj C B B λ k ξ 1... q λ k j ξ 1... q. kj λ λ k j ξ 1... q ]C s tangent to te cross-secton σ ξ M ξ 1... q λ j k ξ 1... q.

eferences [1] Gezer,. and Samov,. Dagona fts of tensor feds of type 1,1 on cross-sectons n tensor bundes and ts appcatons, J. Korean Mat. Soc. 45 2, 367 376, 28. [2] Gezer,. and Samov,.. most compex structures on te tensor bundes, rab. J. Sc. Eng. Sect. Sc. 33 2, 283 296, 28. [3] Hou, C. and Isara, S. Tensor feds and connectons on a cross-secton n te tangent bunde of order r, Koda Mat. Sem. ep. 24, 234 25, 1972. [4] Koto, S. On amost anaytc tensors n amost compex spaces, Tensor N.S. 12, 11 132, 1962. [5] Magden,. and Samov,.. Compete fts of tensor feds on a pure cross-secton n te tensor bunde, J. Geom. 93 1-2, 128 138, 29. [6] Magden,. and Samov,.. Geodescs for compete fts of affne connectons n tensor bundes, pp. Mat. Comput.151 3, 863 868, 24. [7] Muto, Y. On some amost anaytc tensor feds n amost compex manfods, Koda Mat. Sem. ep. 19, 454 469, 1967. [8] Samov,., Gezer,. and sanc, S. On amost compex structures n te cotangent bunde, Turks J. Mat. 35 3, 487 492, 211. [9] Samov,. On operators assocated wt tensor feds, J. Geom. 99 1-2, 17 145, 21. [1] Tacbana, S. naytc tensor and ts generazaton, Tooku Mat. J. 12 2, 28-221, 196. [11] Tan, M. Tensor feds and connectons n cross-sectons n te tangent bunde of order 2, Koda Mat. Sem. ep. 21, 31 325, 1969. [12] Yano, K. and ko, M. On certan operators assocated wt tensor fed, Koda Mat. Sem. ep., 2, 414-436, 1968. [13] Yano, K. and Isara, S. Tangent and Cotangent Bundes, Marce Dekker, Inc., New York 1973. [14] Yano, K. Tensor feds and connectons on cross-sectons n te cotangent bunde, Tooku Mat. J. 19 2, 32 48, 1967. [15] Yano, K. Tensor feds and connectons on cross-sectons n te tangent bunde of a dfferentabe manfod, Proc. oy. Soc. Ednburg Sect. 67, 277 288, 1968.