SPRING SEMESTER 2017 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE NAME: HR: Parent signature for 10% bonus points on final: Chapter 5.1: Cell Cycle Notes 1. A cycle of growth, development, and division that most cells in an organism go through 2. The period during the cell cycle of a cell s growth and development 3. Two identical chromosomes that make up a duplicated chromosome 4. A structure that holds sister chromatids together 5. A process during which the nucleus and its contents divide 6. A process during which the cytoplasm and its contents divide 7. The two new cells that result from mitosis and cytokinesis Word Bank for #1-6: Centromere Interphase Daughter Cells Mitosis Cell Cycle Cytokinesis Sister Chromatids Identify the phases of Mitosis for 7-10 (Word bank: Telophase, Metaphase, Prophase, and Anaphase) 8. 8. 9. 10. 11. List the 4 results of cell division: 12. A cell spends most of its life in interphase: TRUE OR FALSE Chapter 5.2: Levels of Organization Notes 13. List the 5 levels of organization in order from smallest to largest. 14. All cells start out as and become different types of cells through a process called.
15. What is the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell? Chapter 6.1: Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis Notes 16. Cells that only have 1 chromosome from a pair or half the genetic material from the parent cell 17. A type of reproduction in which the genetic materials from two different cells combine, producing an offspring 18. The female sex cells which forms in an ovary 19. The male sex cell which forms in a testis 20. A process in which an egg cell and a sperm cell join together 21. The new cell that forms from fertilization 22. Cells that have pairs of chromosomes 23. Pairs of chromosomes that have genes for the same traits arranged in the same order Word Bank for #16-24: Zygote Fertilization Diploid Homologous Chromosomes Sperm Egg Sexual Reproduction Meiosis Haploid 24. Cell division that creates sex cells Short Answer 25. A. What is one benefit of sexual reproduction? B. What is one disadvantage of sexual reproduction? 26. A. What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells? B. What process forms diploid cells? C. What process forms haploid cells? Chapter 6.2: Asexual Reproduction and Asexual Reproduction Notes Short Answer 27. A. What are the advantages of asexual reproduction? B. What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction?
28. Reproduction in which 2 parents contribute genetic information to form a new unique individual 29. Reproduction in which 1 parent passes on its genetic information to form a new individual that is genetically identical to the parent 30. Type of asexual reproduction in which a new animal grows from a piece of its parent 31. Type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism grows on the body of the parent organism, and then falls off 32. Type of asexual reproduction in which a prokaryote divides to form a new organism Word Bank for #28-35: Asexual reproduction Fission Budding Regeneration Vegetative reproduction Mitotic cell division Cloning Sexual reproduction 33. Human created process that creates an identical individual by using a cell or cluster of cells from the parent 34. Type of asexual reproduction in which a eukaryotic cell creates a new individual by going through mitosis 35. Type of asexual reproduction in which a new plant is grown from a piece of a parent plant Chapter 10.1 Inheritance and Traits, Genetics Notes 36. The permanent change in the sequence of DNA in a gene 37. The genetic makeup of an organism 38. A characteristic inherited from parents, or a characteristic learned from or influenced by the environment 39. A segment of DNA that carries a code for a trait 40. The appearance of an organism resulting from the genotype Word Bank for #36-41: Trait Inheritance Gene Genotype Phenotype Mutation 41. The passing one of traits from one generation to the next 42. For each genotype, indicate whether it is 43. For each of the genotypes, determine the heterozygous (HE) or homozygous (HO) phenotype Aa ff Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers: BB Hh PP Cc GG Pp Dd Mm pp
44. Set up the square for each of the crosses listed below. The trait being studied is round seeds (dominant) and wrinkled seeds (recessive) Rr x rr What percentage of the offspring will be round? Rr x Rr What percentage of the offspring will be round? Chapter 10.2 Adaptations in Species, Adaptations Notes 45. Slight differences in inherited traits among individual members of a species 46. The process by which organisms with variations that help them survive in their environment live longer, compete better, and reproduce more than those that do not have the variation 47. An inherited trait that helps a species survive in its environment 48. A physical trait, such as color, shape, or internal structure, which increases survival 49. An adaptation that enables a species to blend in with its environment 50. An adaptation in which one species looks like another species 51. A biochemical change, such as hibernating, shedding, or spitting, which enables a species to increase survival or maintain homeostasis Word Bank for #45-53: Structural Adaptations Selective Breeding Variations Functional Adaptations Adaptations Behavioral Adaptations Camouflage Natural Selection Mimicry 52. A behavior or action, such as migration, hibernation, hunting at night, or playing dead, that increases survival 53. The selection and breeding of organisms with desired traits Identify each type of adaptation described below as either a Structural, Behavioral, or Functional adaptation. 54. Robins migrating 59. Butterfly wings looking like a face 55. Venomous snakes 60. The lowering of a heart rate for hibernation 56. Wings on a bat 61. Bright colored flower petals 57. A beetle s color 62. Thorns on plants 58. Wolves hunting in packs 63. Frogs having toxins in their skin
Chapter 7.1 Energy Processing in Plants, Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Notes 64. What is photosynthesis? 65. What part of the plant photosynthesizes? What type of cell? Which organelle? 66. What type of organisms use photosynthesis? Why? 67. What is cellular respiration and where does it take place? 68. What type of organisms use cellular respiration? Chapter 7.2 Plant Responses, Plant Responses Notes 69. A plant s response to the number of hours of darkness in its environment 70. Plant growth or bending towards or away from a stimulus 71. An change in an organism s environment or an environmental factor that may cause a response 72. A plant s response to touch 73. A plant s response to gravitational force Word Bank for #68-75: Stimulus Tropism Phototropism Thigmotropism Geotropism Hydrotropism Photoperiodism Plant hormones 74. A plant s response to light 75. Chemical messengers within a plant 76. A plant s response to water Short Answer 77. A plant bending or growing towards a stimulus is a (positive/negative) tropism. 78. A plant bending or growing away from a stimulus is a (positive/negative tropism. 79. What plant hormone is responsible for phototropism?
Chapter 7.3 Plant Reproduction, Plant Structure and Reproduction Notes 80. These structures form in the male reproductive part of a flower, and contain sperm cells used for reproduction 81. An immature diploid plant that forms from the zygote 82. This occurs when the life cycle of an organism alternates between diploid and haploid generations 83. The ovary and other parts of the flower eventually turn into this structure which holds and protects the seeds 84. The daughter cells produced from haploid structures Word Bank for #80-85: Alteration of generations Spore Pollen grain Embryo Seed Fruit 85. This structure contains a plant embryo which germinates and grows into a plant 86. Label the following diagrams with the correct plant parts. 87. What is the male part of the plant called? 88. What is the female part of the plant called? 89. List the adaptations plants have to attract pollinators. 90. List the adaptations plants have for seed dispersal. 91. List the ways in which seeds are dispersed.
Chapter 8.1 Types of Behavior, Animal Behavior Notes 92. The way an organism reacts to other organisms or to its environment 93. A behavior that is inherited 94. Learning to respond to a stimulus in a certain way 95. A seasonal dormancy used by certain animals in order to survive harsh conditions 96. An attachment an organism forms very shortly after birth 97. A seasonal movement of organisms 98. A complex pattern of innate behaviors WORD BANK FOR #92-98 innate behavior Behavior Instinct Migration Imprinting Hibernation Conditioning Label the following behaviors as learned or innate. 99. Hibernating 100. Spinning a web 101. Reading 102. Releasing pheromones 103. Goslings following their mother 104. Building a nest 105. Conditioning 106. Using tools Chapter 8.2 Interaction with Others, Animal Behavior Notes 107. A chemical produced by one animal that influences the behavior of another animal 108. The ability of certain things to give off light 109. A group of animals working and living together 110. An area set up by animals in which they feed, mate, and raise young 111. A forceful behavior used to control other animals 112. The act of giving power to a more dominant animal 113. The holding of power by an animal with a higher social status 114. Behaviors animals exhibit in order to attract or keep a mate Word Bank for #107-115 Bioluminescence Pheromone Society Dominance Submission Territory Aggression Courtship short answer 115. List the 4 ways in which animals communicate with each other.
Chapter 9.1: Nervous System, Nervous System Notes 116. The part of an organism that gathers, processes, and responds to information 117. The basic functioning unit of the nervous system; a nerve cell 118. The gap between two neurons 119. System made up of the brain and the spinal cord that receives, process, stores, and transfers information 120. The part of the brain that controls memory, language, and thought Word Bank for #116-124: Central Nervous System Cerebellum Neuron Nervous System Spinal Cord Synapse Peripheral Nervous System Cerebrum Brain Stem 121. The part of the brain that coordinates voluntary muscle movement and regulate balance and posture 122. The area of the brain that controls involuntary functions 123. A tube-like structure of neurons that sends signals to and from the brain 124. System made of sensory and motor neurons that transmit information between the central nervous system and the rest of the body