AP Biology Summer Assignment Is it safe to go back in the water? NO! Like a shark, there lurks the AP Biology Summer Assignment! This summer you will delve into the world of biology like you never thought you would in those hot months. We will explore many topics to whet your appetite for the coming year of hard work. This summer assignment had been designed for five purposes: To get you to think during those summer months to keep your mind sharp, because I will expect a lot out of it come September! To expand your vocabulary by familiarizing you with terms that we will be using in class. To introduce you to major concepts from AP Biology through non-classroom methods of learning. To have you earn three strong grades to help you begin the first quarter with confidence. To decrease the amount of new material that you will have to learn during the school year.
Summer Calendar # Due Date Assigned Task 1 Mon. July 2 Send your email Letter of Introduction to Ms. Perantoni; please see instructions for how to write this 2 During the summer; turn in ticket stub and 2 animal observation sheets Fri. Aug 31 Visit to the zoo; please turn in the attached animal observation sheet for 2 different animals and your ticket stub on the first day of school (print 2 copies). You may visit the LA Zoo, the San Diego Zoo, the San Diego Wild Animal Park or any other zoo you d like to visit on your travels this summer (not an aquarium). You may also carpool with other AP Biology students but each of you should choose different animals to observe. Enjoy your day! 3 Fri. Aug 31 Photo Collection; see attached instructions for how to complete this. 4 Fri. Aug 31 Notes on Chapters 48-50; please print out the attached notes sheets and fill them in to guide you as you read; you will turn these in on the first day of school. Remember that this must be a product of your own work and may not be copied from another source. 5 Throughout summer Check your email regularly for messages from Ms. Perantoni ***Please feel free to turn in any of the above assignments early. I understand that many people have exciting summer travel plans that may not include internet access, and turning your work in early shows a great deal of responsibility. However, because this is a college-level class, late work will not be accepted for credit.
Letter of Introduction Welcome to AP Biology! We are going to spend a lot of time together next year, so it s best if I get a head start on learning a bit about you. Also, we will use the Internet and the Web a lot next year for this course, so let s get you used to communicating with me via e-mail. Your first digital assignment is to successfully send me and e-mail. Due date: Monday, July 2, 2012 Draft an email to me following these guidelines: a. Use clearly written, full sentences. Do not abbreviate words like you are on AIM with a friend. Use spell check! This is a professional communication like you would have with a college professor, so let s practice for your rapidly nearing future! b. Address it to me at: perantonic@pvpusd.k12.ca.us c. Make the Subject: AP Bio: Introduction to <Insert your name here> Letters received without a proper subject will not be opened or read. d. Begin the e-mail with a formal salutation, like Ms. Perantoni, or Dear Ms. Perantoni e. Now introduce yourself (your name) and tell me a little about yourself, like: What do you like to do? (hobbies, sports, music, interests, etc.)? Do you have a job? Tell me a little bit about your family (Mom? Dad? Guardian? Siblings? Pets?) What do your parents do for a living? What did you like about your earlier biology classes? What was the last book you read for fun? Are you taking any other advanced classes? What are your goals for this year, college, and life? What are you looking forward to the most in AP Biology? What are you most anxious about in AP Biology? Anything else (including special circumstances, vision/hearing problems, etc) f. End the e-mail with a formal closing: Cordially, Sincerely, Warm regards, etc. and add your name as if you signed a letter. g. You will want to use a formal email address, not one with a username like fluffymarshmallows or iheartdeath you want your teachers and future professors to take you seriously, right? If you don t already have an email for professional use, you can get a free email account through yahoo or
google. Choose an appropriate username, usually some combination of your name and a random number (not your birthday or graduation date). You can set these accounts up to forward any mail you receive to your personal account so that you don t have to check them each day (just be sure to use the correct account to send any responses.
Photo Essay For this part of your summer assignment, you will be familiarizing yourself with science terms that will be using at different points throughout the year. On the next page is the list of terms. Collect 30 vocabulary words from the list of terms. When I say collect, I mean you should collect that item by finding it and taking a photograph of that item. You will attach your photographs to an explanation of how this item represents or illustrates this term. You do not need to find the exact item on the list; for example, if it is an internal part to an organism, apply the term to the specimen you find and explain how this specimen represents the term. Your description should be in your own words and not copied from another source. EXAMPLE: If you choose the term phloem, you could submit a photograph you have taken of a plant leaf or a plant stem and then explain what phloem is and specifically where phloem is in your specimen. ORIGINAL PHOTOS ONLY: You cannot use an image from any publication or the Web; you must have taken the photograph yourself. The best way to prove that is to place an item in all of your photographs that only you could have added each time, something that you might usually have on you like a pen or a coin or a key or your phone, etc. NATURAL ITEMS ONLY: Each specimen may be used for only one item, and all must be from something that you found in nature. Take a walk around your yard, neighborhood, and town. DON T SPEND ANY MONEY! Research what the term means and in what organisms it can be found and then go out and find one. TEAM WORK: You may work with other students in the class to complete this project, but each student must turn in his or her own project with a unique set of terms chosen. There are 110 choices probability says there is a very small chance that any two students will have most of the same 30 terms chosen. I can t wait to see what amazing projects you come up with! Developed by Kim B. Foglia www.explorebiology.com χ2008
Photo Collection Adaptation of an animal Adaptation of a plant Actin Amniotic egg Amylase Analogous structures (may need 2 photos) Angiosperm Animal that has segmented body Annelid Anther & filament of stamen Arthropod Archaebacteria Autotroph Auxin producing area of a plant Basidomycete Batesian mimicry Biological magnification Bryophyte C 4 or CAM plant Calvin cycle Carbohydrate fibrous Cambium Cellulose Chitin Chlorophyta Cnidarian Coelomate Coevolution (may need 2 photos) Conifer leaf Commensalism Connective tissue Cuticle layer of a plant Deciduous leaf Denatured protein Deuterostome Dicot plant with flower & leaf Diploid chromosome number Echinoderm Ectotherm Endosperm Endotherm Enzyme Epithelial tissue Epiphyte Epistasis Ethylene Eubacteria Eukaryote Exoskeleton Fermentation Flower ovary Frond (fern) Fruit dry with seed Fruit - fleshy with seed Gametophyte Gastropod Genetically modified organism Glycogen Gymnosperm cone Haploid chromosome number Heartwood Hermaphrodite Homologous structures (may need 2 photos) Hydrogen bond Hyphae Incomplete dominance K-strategist Keratin Leaf-Gymnosperm Lepidoptera
Lichen Lignin Lipid used for energy storage Littoral zone organism Long-day plant Meristem Modified leaf of a plant Modified root of a plant Modified stem of a plant Mollusca Monocot plant with flower & leaf Monosaccharide Muscle fiber-striated Mutualism Mycelium Mycorrhizae Myosin Nematode Niche Nymph stage of an insect Parasite Parenchyma cells Phloem Pine cone-female Platyhelminthes Pollen Polygenic Inheritance Polysaccharide Porifera Prokaryote Protein-fibrous Protein-globular Protostome Pteridophyte R-strategist Radial symmetry Rhizome Saturated fatty acid Scale from animal with twochambered heart Spore Sporophyte Stem-herbaceous Steroid Stigma & style of carpel Stomata Tendril of a plant Transposons Unicellular organism Xerophyte Xylem Developed by Kim B. Foglia www.explorebiology.com χ2008
Chapter 48: Ecosystems and Human Interferences 1. Describe the four spheres of the Earth. 2. What are two ways ecosystems are characterized? 3. Briefly describe the biotic components of an ecosystem: Biotic Component Definition Types Examples (2) Autotrophs Heterotrophs 4. Define gross and net primary productivity (GPP and NPP) 5. List the two ecosystems with the greatest amount of primary productivity. What factors do you think contribute to such high productivity?
6. List the two ecosystems with the least productivity. Why do you think these two areas are so low in productivity? 7. Briefly explain how energy flows through an ecosystem. 8. Briefly explain how nutrients cycle within an ecosystem. 9. How do the two laws of thermodynamics support the concept that energy flows through an ecosystem? 10. Briefly describe each of the key trophic levels within a food chain 11. What happens to the size each level in the idealized pyramid as energy is transferred through the trophic levels? 12. Explain what happens to the energy and biomass as it is passed through the trophic levels.
13. For each of the nutrient cycles identify these key components: What is the abiotic reservoir? How nutrient enters the food chain. Water cycle Carbon cycle Nitrogen cycle Phosphorus cycle How nutrient returns to the reservoir 14. What is meant by groundwater mining? 15. What are the major processes that move carbon through the ecosystem? 16. What is the impact of combustion on the carbon cycle? 17. Explain how global warming leads to the greenhouse effect.
18. Identify the role of each of the following in the nitrogen cycle: a. Nitrogen fixation b. Ammonification c. Nitrification d. Denitrification 19. What is the source of acid rain? 20. Why is acid rain a problem? 21. What are some uses of phosphate in living things? 22. Describe the causes of eutrophication. 23. What happens in biological magnification? 24. Describe the ozone shield. 25. Explain how the ozone shield is being depleted.
Notes on Chapter 49: The Biosphere 1. What is climate? What two factors influence the climate of an area? 2. Describe the effect of solar radiation on the Earth. 3. Explain how a rain shadow is formed. 4. Why do coastal regions have a more moderate climate than inland regions do? 5. What causes monsoon climates in southern Asia? 6. What causes the lake effect experienced around the Great Lakes? 7. Describe the following ecosystems: Tundra Ecosystem Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors (include example organisms, at least 1 at each trophic level) Coniferous Forests
Ecosystem Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors Temperate Deciduous Forests Tropical Forests Shrublands Temperate Grasslands Savannas Deserts Wetlands
Lakes Estuaries Seashores Coral reefs Open Ocean (benthic division)
Notes on Chapter 50: Conservation Biology 1. What is conservation biology? 2. What is biodiversity? 3. Describe the three factors that lead to biodiversity a. genetic diversity b. community diversity c. landscape diversity 4. How is biodiversity distributed throughout the biosphere? 5. What are the direct values of biodiversity? 6. What are the indirect values of biodiversity? 7. Briefly explain three causes of extinction.
8. Explain the difference between a keystone species and a flagship species.
Animal Observation Laboratory Sheet Behavior Frequencies for an Individual Animal Choose two animals that you are interested in observing for 10 minutes each. You may want to walk around the zoo a little first to see what animals you think are most interesting. You need to record what behavior you see the animal doing every minute, on the minute. You will need a watch (or cell phone with watch function), and mark down the behavior you saw. It is very important that you write down the behavior on the minute mark; this makes sure that you are not recording only interesting behavior or behavior that you think is cool. So, if your watch beeps and the animal is resting, mark down on your data sheet that the animal is resting. If ten seconds later, your animal begins to country line dance, you can t record that on your behavior data sheet, but it would be interesting to note it in the field note section. Some behaviors you may observe include: lying, standing, sitting, climbing, walking, running, swimming, grooming, vocalizing, swinging, eating, drinking, hanging, eliminating (going to the bathroom), or object handing. Name of Animal: Time of Day: Description of Habitat: Minute Behavior Notes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10