Galactic plane surveys: What have/will we learn(ed)? Henrik Beuther

Galactic plane surveys: What have/will we learn(ed)? Henrik Beuther

M51 The Whirlpool Galaxy Blue: PAWS CO Red: THINGS HI Colors: multi-color HST Courtesy: T.A. Rector High-mass stars: Strong impact on ISM on scales of whole Galaxy - UV-radiation - Outflows/jets - Supernovae - Nucleosynthesis - Cluster formation - Only stars observable in extragalactic systems à Formation processes not well understood

Some Milky Way Surveys Continuum Surveys: - GLIMPSE: 3.6, 4.5, 5.8 & 8.0µm, l<=+-65deg, b<=1deg, 2-3 - MIPSGAL: 24 & 70µm, coverage similar to GLIMPSE - HIGAL: 70, 160, 250, 350, 500µm, full longitude, b<=+-1deg, 7-36 - ATLASGAL: 870µm, -80<l<60deg, b<=+-1.5deg, 19 - BGPS: 1.1mm, -10.5<l<90.5deg, b<=+-0.5deg - SCUBA-2 (JPS): 450 & 850µm, 6 fields between l=10 & 60deg Line surveys: - GRS: 13CO(1-0), 18<l<56deg, b<=+-1deg, 46 - COHRS: 12CO(3-2), goal 10<l<65deg, b<=0.5deg, 14 - THRUMMS: 12CO/13CO/C18O/CN(1-0), -60<l<-2deg, b<=+-2deg, 72 - SEDIGISM: 217-221GHz (13CO/C18O(2-1), SiO, SO, CH3OH, CH3CN, goal -60<l<18deg, b<=+-0.5deg, 28 - VGPS: HI, 18<l<67deg, b<=+-1.3deg, 60 - THOR: HI/OH/RRL, 15<l<65deg, b<=+-1.25deg, 20

Galactic structure from ATLASGAL data I ATLASGAL 875µm coverage of Galactic plane on top of IRAS data Schuller et al. 2009, Contreras et al. 2013 Csengeri et al. 2014 Urquhart et al. 2013a, 2013b, 2014

Galactic structure from ATLASGAL data II ATLASGAL 875µm coverage of Galactic plane on top of IRAS data Schuller et al. 2009 Sagittarius Scutum M17 Norma Scutum Beuther et al. 2012

Galactic structure from ATLASGAL data III Approximate ATLASGAL scale height <=46pc. Beuther et al. 2012

Zooming into ATLASGAL RGB: 870µm, 24µm, 8µm, contours CO from Dame et al. (2001) - In 20deg 2, 233 out of 996 clumps starless à about 25%, column density threshold > 1x10 23 cm -2-14 > 1000M sun, 3 > 3000M sun à Lifetime estimate (6+-5)x10 4 yr - See also Csengeri et al. 2014 with (7.5+-2.5)x10 4 yrs for the full survey Tackenberg et al. 2012

Giant Filaments in the Milky Way Nessie - Jackson et al. (2010), Goodman et al. 2014 Characteristics: - Giant, over 1 degree in projection à >50pc at 3kpc - Dense gas in IR absoprtion and/or dust/gas emission - Velocity-coherent

Search for Giant Filaments in the Milky Way GLIMPSE/MIPSGAL - MIR UKIDSS - NIR Step 1: Identify extinction features Step 2: Verify velocity coherence Ragan et al. 2014

Some Results Ragan et al. 2014 Nessie Ragan et al. 2014

Some Results Courtesy: Rowan Smith Wang et al. 2015

Southern hemisphere long filaments GLIMPSE and CO integrated int. CO 1 st moment and integrated int. Abreu et al. in prep.

Long filament properties See also poster: Zucker et al. à Unconference? Abreu et al. in prep.

THOR VGPS 1.4GHz VLA Survey (PI: H. Beuther): - 90 square degrees from 15 < L < 65 deg - 15 resolution, factor 4 improvement! - HI 21cm line, 4 OH lines, recombination lines and cm continuum (1-2 GHz) - 100 Tbyte of data volume - 230 hour large program at VLA 1.4GHz continuum 32deg Galactic Longitude 24deg 19deg

Goals: - Molecular cloud formation processes - Atomic to molecular gas conversion - OH molecular emission and absorption - OH masers - Ionized gas in continuum and RRL emission - Polarization continuum to identify supernovae and Faraday rotation http://www.mpia.de/thor

Cloud formation Galactic Latitude Color: HI (old VGPS) Contours: +00.6 870µm +00.4 +00.2 +00.0 00.2 00.4 W43 complex HI column density 200 180 160 140 120 100 Column Density [M pc 2 ] 00.6 10pc @ 5.5kpc 80 31.0 30.5 Galactic Longitude 30.0 29.5 Bihr et al. in press

Cloud formation Galactic Latitude Color: HI (new (old VGPS) THOR) Contours: +00.6 870µm +00.4 +00.2 +00.0 00.2 00.4 W43 complex HI column density 200 180 160 140 120 100 Column Density [M pc 2 ] 00.6 10pc @ 5.5kpc 80 31.0 30.5 Galactic Longitude 30.0 29.5 Bihr et al. in press

Cloud formation Galactic Latitude Color: HI (new (old VGPS) THOR) Contours: +00.6 870µm +00.4 +00.2 +00.0 00.2 00.4 W43 complex HI column density 200 180 160 140 120 100 Column Density [M pc 2 ] 00.6 10pc @ 5.5kpc 80 31.0 30.5 Galactic Longitude 30.0 29.5 Bihr et al. in press

Cloud formation Galactic Latitude Color: HI (new (old VGPS) THOR) Contours: +00.6 870µm +00.4 +00.2 +00.0 00.2 00.4 W43 complex HI column density 200 180 160 140 120 100 Column Density [M pc 2 ] 00.6 10pc @ 5.5kpc 80 31.0 30.5 Galactic Longitude 30.0 29.5 Bihr et al. in press

OH absorption in the Milky Way 1.4GHz continuum Green: HI Blue: OH Rugel et al. in prep.

OH absorption in the Milky Way Blue: OH Green HI FWHM(OH) OH/HI abund. ratio Rugel et al. in prep.

THOR 1.3GHz 1.43GHz 1.7GHz continuum 1.82GHz Spectral band 0 at 1.0-1.1GHz will be added. 1.95GHz Averaged image Bihr et al. in prep.

THOR 1.3GHz 1.43GHz 1.7GHz continuum 1.82GHz Spectral band 0 at 1.0-1.1GHz will be added. 1.95GHz Averaged image Bihr et al. in prep.

Source properties Bihr et al. in prep.

SEDIGISM: Structure, Excitation and Dymanics of the Inner Galactic ISM - PI: F. Schuller - APEX @ 28-217-221GHz: - Goal: -60<l<18deg, b<=+-0.5deg, ~60% completed Schuller et al.

SEDIGISM: Key science topics Large-scale Galactic structure Physical conditions: Temperatures, densities Chemistry, shocks Outflows Filaments Kinematics

Summary - Surveys cover almost all wavelength by now - Spectral lines and continuum - Allow to address: - Milky Way Structure - Physical processes in statistical sense - Increadible database for case studies