ACALANES UNION HIGH SCHOOL DISTRICT Adopted: 12/17/03 SCIENCE Subject Area COURSE TITLE: Physics COURSE CODE: S0708P GRADE LEVEL: Grades 10-12 COURSE LENGTH: 1 year PREREQUISITE: Algebra I and Geometry CREDIT: 10 units UC/CSU CREDIT: Meets UC/CSU requirement for laboratory science, d. GRADUATION REQUIREMENT: Fulfills 10 units of physical science requirement for graduation. STANDARDS AND BENCHMARKS: Physics Standards: 1.0-1.13; 2.0-2.8; 3.0-3.7; 4.0-4.6; 5.0-5.14 Investigation and Experimentation: 1.INV.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 COURSE DESCRIPTION: COURSE GOALS: Physics is the study of different forms of energy and the physical changes which they produce in matter. The course focuses on mathematical models and laboratory study of the principles of motion, forces, energy, heat, sound, light, and electricity and magnetism. The student will: 1. Develop problem solving skills. 2. Students will recognize the real world applications of physics principles. TETBOOK MATERIALS: Physics; Holt Rinehart; 1999; Conceptual Physics; 2 nd Edition; Addison Wesley, 1992. TEACHER RESOURCES: N/A
MOTION AND FORCES Content STANDARD 1 STUDENT UNDERSTANDS NEWTON S LAWS PREDICT THE MOTION OF MOST OBJECTS. BENCHMARKS 1.1 Solves problems that involve constant speed and average speed. N/A 1.0 1.PCS.1 Selected Constructed Performance / Product 25% of class time 1.2 Knows that when forces are balanced, no acceleration occurs; thus an object continues to move at constant velocity or stays at rest (Newton s First Law). 1.PCS.2 1.3 Knows how to apply the law F = ma to solve one-dimensional motion problems that involve constant forces (Newton s Second Law). 1.PCS.3 1.4 Knows that when one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object always exerts a force of equal magnitude and in the opposite direction on the first object (Newton s Third Law). 1.PCS.4 Last printed 12/18/2003 3:02 PM Page 2 of 15
1.5 Knows the relationship between the universal law of gravitation and the effect of gravity on an object at the surface of the Earth. 1.6 Knows applying a force to an object perpendicular to the direction of its motion causes the object to change direction but not speed. 1.7 Knows circular motion requires the application of a constant force directed toward the center of the circle. EPERT BENCHMARKS 1.8 Knows Newton s laws are not exact, but provide very good approximations unless an object is moving close to the speed of light or is small enough that quantum effects are important. 1.9 Solves two-dimensional trajectory problems. 1.PCS.5 1.PCS.6 1.PCS.7 1.EPCS.1 1.EPCS.2 Last printed 12/18/2003 3:02 PM Page 3 of 15
1.10 Resolves two-dimensional vectors into their components and calculate the magnitude and direction of a vector from its components. 1.EPCS.3 1.11 Solves two-dimensional problems involving balanced forces (statics). 1.EPCS.4 1.12 Solves problems in circular motion by using the formula for centripetal acceleration in the following form: a=v2/r. 1.EPCS.5 1.13 Solves problems involving the forces between two electric charges at a distance (Coulomb s law) or the forces between two masses at a distance (universal gravitation). 1.EPCS.6 CONSERVATION OF ENERGY AND MOMENTUM STANDARD 2 STUDENT UNDERSTANDS THAT THE LAWS OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY AND MOMENTUM PROVIDE A WAY TO PREDICT AND DESCRIBE THE MOVEMENT OF OBJECTS. N/A 2.0 Selected Constructed Performance / Product 15 % of class time Last printed 12/18/2003 3:02 PM Page 4 of 15
BENCHMARKS 2.1 Calculates kinetic energy by using the formula E = ½mv 2. 2.2 Calculates changes in gravitational potential energy near Earth by using the formula (change in potential energy) = mgh. 2.3 Solves problems involving conservation of energy in simple systems, such as falling objects. 2.4 Calculates momentum as the product mv. 2.5 Knows momentum is a separately conserved quantity different from energy. 2.6 Knows an unbalanced force on an object produces a change in its momentum. 2.7 Solves problems involving elastic and inelastic collisions in one dimension by using the principles of conservation of momentum and energy. 2.PCS.1 2.PCS.2 2.PCS.3 2.PCS.4 2.PCS.5 2.PCS.6 2.PCS.7 Last printed 12/18/2003 3:02 PM Page 5 of 15
EPERT BENCHMARKS 2.8 Solves problems involving conservation of energy in simple systems with various sources of potential energy, such as capacitors and springs. 2.EPCS.1 HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS STANDARD 3 STUDENT UNDERSTANDS ENERGY CANNOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED, ALTHOUGH IN MANY PROCESSES ENERGY IS TRANSFERRED TO THE ENVIRONMENT AS HEAT. BENCHMARKS N/A 3.0 Selected Constructed Performance / Product 10 % of class time 3.1 Knows heat flow and work are two forms of energy transfer between systems. 3.PCS.1 3.2 Knows that the work done by a heat engine that is working in a cycle is the difference between the heat flow into the engine at high temperature and the heat flow out at a lower temperature (first law of thermo-dynamics), and that this is an example of the law of conservation of energy. 3.PCS.2 Last printed 12/18/2003 3:02 PM Page 6 of 15
3.3 Knows the internal energy of an object includes the energy of random motion of the object s atoms and molecules, often referred to as thermal energy. The greater the temperature of the object, the greater the energy of motion of the atoms and molecules that make up the object. 3.4 Knows that most processes tend to decrease the order of a system over time. 3.5 Knows that entropy is a quantity that measures the order or disorder of a system, and that this quantity is larger for a more disordered system. EPERT BENCHMARKS 3.6 Knows the statement Entropy tends to increase is a law of statistical probability that governs all closed systems (second law of thermo-dynamics). 3.7 Solves problems involving heat flow, work, and efficiency in a heat engine and knows that all real engines lose some heat to their surroundings. 3.PCS.3 3.PCS.4 3.PCS.5 3.EPCS.1 3.EPCS.2 Last printed 12/18/2003 3:02 PM Page 7 of 15
WAVES STANDARD 4 STUDENT UNDERSTANDS WAVES HAVE CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES THAT DO NOT DEPEND ON THE TYPE OF WAVE. BENCHMARKS 4.1 Knows waves carry energy from one place to another. N/A 4.0 4.PCS.1 Selected Constructed Performance / Product 15 % of class time 4.2 Knows how to identify transverse and longitudinal waves in mechanical media, such as springs and ropes. 4.PCS.2 4.3 Knows how to solve problems involving wavelength, frequency, and wave speed. 4.PCS.3 4.4 Knows sound is a longitudinal wave whose speed depends on the properties of the medium in which it propagates. 4.PCS.4 4.5 Knows radio waves, light, and -rays are different parts of the spectrum of electromagnetic waves whose speed in a vacuum is approximately 3 x 10 8 m/s. 4.PCS.5 Last printed 12/18/2003 3:02 PM Page 8 of 15
4.6 Knows how to identify the characteristic properties of waves: interference (beats), diffraction, refraction, Doppler effect, and polarization. 4.PCS.6 ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC PHENOMENA STANDARD 5 STUDENT UNDERSTANDS ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC PHENOMENA ARE RELATED AND HAVE MANY PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS. BENCHMARKS 5.1 Knows how to predict the voltage or current in simple direct current (DC) electric circuits constructed from batteries, wires and resistors. N/A 5.0 5.PCS.1 Selected Constructed Performance / Product 15% of class time 5.2 Knows how to solve problems involving Ohm s law. 5.PCS.2 5.3 Knows any resistive element in a DC circuit dissipates energy, which heats the resistor. Students can calculate the power in any resistive circuit element by using the formula P = IV = I 2 R. 5.PCS.3 Last printed 12/18/2003 3:02 PM Page 9 of 15
5.4 Knows charged particles are sources of electric fields and charged particles are subject to forces of the electric fields from other charges. 5.5 Knows magnetic materials and electric currents are sources of magnetic fields and are subject to forces arising from the magnetic fields of other sources. 5.6 Knows how to determine the direction of a magnetic field produced by a current flowing in a straight wire or in a coil. 5.7 Knows changing magnetic fields produce electric fields, thereby inducing currents in nearby conductors. EPERT BENCHMARKS 5.8 Knows plasmas, the fourth state of matter, contain ions or free electrons or both and conduct electricity. 5.9 Knows electric and magnetic fields contain energy and act as vector force fields. 5.PCS.4 5.PCS.5 5.PCS.6 5.PCS.7 5.EPCS.1 5.EPCS.2 Last printed 12/18/2003 3:02 PM Page 10 of 15
5.10 Knows the force on a charged particle in an electric field is qe, where E is the electric field at the position of the particle and q is the charge of the particle. 5.EPCS.3 5.11 Knows how to calculate the electric field resulting from a point charge. 5.12 Knows static electric fields have as their source some arrangement of electric charges. 5.13 Knows the magnitude of the force on a moving particle (with charge q) in a magnetic field is qvb sin(a), where a is the angle between v and B (v and B are the magnitudes of vectors v and B, respectively), and students use the right-hand rule to find the direction of this force. 5.14 Knows how to apply the concepts of electrical and gravitational potential energy to solve problems involving conservation of energy. 5.EPCS.4 5.EPCS.5 5.EPCS.6 5.EPCS.7 Last printed 12/18/2003 3:02 PM Page 11 of 15
SKILL STANDARDS INVESTIGATION AND EPERIMENTATION Investigation STANDARD 1 STUDENT UNDERSTANDS THAT SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS IS MADE BY ASKING MEANINGFUL QUESTIONS AND CONDUCTING CAREFUL INVESTIGATIONS. BENCHMARKS INCLUDED IN N/A 1.0 Selected Constructed Performance / Product 10 % of class time 1.1 Selects and uses appropriate tools and technology (such as computer-linked probes, spreadsheets, and graphing calculators) to perform tests, collect data, analyze relationships, and display data. 1.INV.1 1.2 Identifies and communicates sources of experimental error and reasons for inconsistent results, such as uncontrolled conditions. 1.INV.2 1.3 Formulates explanations by using logic and evidence. 1.INV.3 Last printed 12/18/2003 3:02 PM Page 12 of 15
1.4 Solves scientific problems by using mathematical formulae. 1.INV.4 1.5 Distinguishes between hypothesis and theory as scientific terms. 1.6 Recognizes the usefulness and limitations of models and theories as scientific representations of reality. 1.7 Analyzes the locations, sequences, or time intervals that are characteristic of natural phenomena (e.g., relative ages of rocks, locations of planets over time, and succession of species in an ecosystem). 1.8 Recognizes the issues of statistical variability and the need for controlled tests. 1.9 Recognizes the cumulative nature of scientific evidence. 1.10 Analyzes situations and solves problems that require combining and applying concepts from more than one area of science. 1.INV.5 1.INV.6 1.INV.8 1.INV.9 1.INV.10 1.INV.11 Last printed 12/18/2003 3:02 PM Page 13 of 15
1.11 Investigates a science-based societal issue by researching the literature, analyzing data, and communicating the findings. 1.INV.12 Last printed 12/18/2003 3:02 PM Page 14 of 15
TEACHING STRATEGIES Lecture Demonstration Lab Hands-on activities Projects Group work Computer simulations Research GRADING GUIDELINES See AUHSD Grade Guidelines: Final Mark Rubric and Final Course Mark Determination Components. Last printed 12/18/2003 3:02 PM Page 15 of 15