Matter & Changes in Matter
Changing States- MELTING Melting- solid liquid Melting point of H20 is 32 F or 0 C Thermal energy is ABSORBED! Example: Ice cubes absorb thermal energy and melt.
Changing States- FREEZING Freezing- liquid solid Freezing point of H20 is 32 F or 0 C Thermal energy is RELEASED! Example: As raindrops lose thermal energy they change into snowflakes.
Changing States- VAPORIZATION Vaporization- liquid phase gas phase Thermal energy is ABSORBED! Example: Evaporation- takes place at the surface (steam) Boiling- takes place below the surface
Changing States- CONDENSATION Condensation- gas liquid Thermal energy is RELEASED! Example: The droplets of water on the lid formed when water vapor (steam) lost enough energy to return to liquid state.
Changing States- SUBLIMATION Sublimation- solid gas Thermal energy is ABSORBED! Example: Dry ice (frozen carbon dioxide), as it absorbs thermal energy, it turns directly into carbon dioxide gas rather than a liquid.
Physical Property Definition: A characteristic that you can observe without changing or trying to change the composition of the substance. Examples: appearance texture melting point color boiling point odor solubility polarity
Chemical Property Definition: A characteristic that cannot be observed without altering the substance. Examples: Ability to burn- flammability Tendency to rust-oxidation Reaction to other substances such as acids
Physical Change Definition: A change in which the form or appearance of matter changes but NOT its composition. Examples: Crumpled paper Dissolving Changing states
Chemical Change Definition: A change that results in the substances composition changing and it cannot be reversed. Examples: Fireworks Colors (leaves, hair) Odor (spoiled milk) Energy gained or released (cooking)
Mixture Vocabulary 1. Solute 2. Solvent 3. Saturated 4. Concentrated 5. Homogeneous Mixture 6. Heterogeneous Mixture 7. Substance 8. Solution
Mixture Vocabulary 1. Solute - the substance that dissolves, or seems to disappear. - Sugar - Salt 2. Solvent - the substance that dissolves the solute. - Water - Ethanol - Chloroform - Acetone - Milk
Mixture Vocabulary 3. Saturated - a solution that contains all of the solutes (salt, sugar) that it can hold under given conditions. 4. Concentrated- describes how much solute is present in a solution compared to the amount of solvent. - Amount of salt to water in a saltwater solution
Mixture Vocabulary 5. Homogeneous Mixture- Contains two or more substances that are evenly mixed on a molecular level. - Called solutions - Liquid examples include pure water, white vinegar, sugar water, corn oil, and blood plasma
Mixture Vocabulary 6. Heterogeneous Mixture- a type of mixture where the substances are not mixed evenly. - Concrete is a heterogeneous mixture of an aggregate, cement, and water. - Sugar and sand - Ice cubes in soda - Salt and pepper - Chocolate chip cookies
Mixture Vocabulary 7. Substance - matter that has the same fixed composition and properties. 8. Solution - Another name for a homogeneous mixture. - Tin, sulfur, and diamond - Sugar, salt, and baking soda
Element Vocabulary 1. Atom 2. Compound 3. Periodic Table 4. Element
Element Vocabulary 1. Atom - an atom is the smallest possible particle of complete matter. 2. Compound - compounds are pure substances that are formed when two or more elements are chemically combined.
Element Vocabulary 3. Periodic Table- the periodic table is a tabular display of the chemical elements. 4. Element - substance that is made of one kind of matter.