Papers Cited >1000X GOOGLE SCHOLAR March 2019 Citations 60861 15529 h-index 111 57 i10-index 425 206 1. Title: Formation of glasses from liquids and biopolymers Source: Science, 1995 sciencemag.org Abstract Glasses can be formed by many routes. In some cases, distinct polyamorphic forms are found. The normal mode of glass formation is cooling of a viscous liquid. Liquid behavior during cooling is classified between" strong" and" fragile," and the three canonical... Times Cited: 4151 2. Title: Supercooled liquids and glasses Authors: MD Ediger, CA Angell, SR Nagel Source: The Journal of Chemical Physics 1996, 100, 31, 13200-13212 Selected aspects of recent progress in the study of supercooled liquids and glasses are presented in this review. As an introduction for nonspecialists, several basic features of the dynamics and thermodynamics of supercooled liquids and glasses are described. Among these are nonexponential relaxation functions, non-arrhenius temperature dependences, and the Kauzmann temperature. Various theoretical models which attempt to explain these basic features are presented next. These models are conveniently categorized according to the temperature regimes deemed important by their authors. The major portion of this review is given to a summary of current experimental and computational research. The utility of mode coupling theory is addressed. Evidence is discussed for new relaxation mechanisms and new time and length scales in supercooled liquids. Relaxations in the glassy state and significance of... Times Cited: 2144 3. Title: Nonexponential relaxations in strong and fragile glass formers Author: R. Bo hmer, KL Ngai, CA Angell, DJ Plazek Source: The Journal of Chemical Physics Deviations from thermally activated and from exponential response are typical features of the vitrification phenomenon and previously have been studied using viscoelastic, dielectric, calorimetric, optical, and other techniques. Linear response data from literature on about 70 covalent glass formers, ionic melts, supercooled liquids, amorphous polymers, and glassy
crystals are surveyed. Except for orientational glasses and monohydric aliphatic alcohols a distinct but broad correlation of non Debye behavior with non Arrhenius relaxations is found. Within the broad trend several groups of materials, distinguished by their respective molecular complexity, can be identified and are shown to exhibit narrow correlations. At a given degree of deviation from Arrhenius behavior externally imposed stresses are relaxed with a departure from exponential behavior which is stronger the more the molecular or atomic subunits of... Times Cited: 2104 4. Title: Relaxation in glassforming liquids and amorphous solids Authors: CA Angell, KL Ngai, GB McKenna, PF McMillan, SW Martin Source: Journal of Applied Physics 2000, 88, 6, 3113-3157 The field of viscous liquid and glassy solid dynamics is reviewed by a process of posing the key questions that need to be answered, and then providing the best answers available to the authors and their advisors at this time. The subject is divided into four parts, three of them dealing with behavior in different domains of temperature with respect to the glass transition temperature, Tg, and a fourth dealing with short time processes. The first part tackles the high temperature regime T>Tg, in which the system is ergodic and the evolution of the viscous liquid toward the condition at Tg is in focus. The second part deals with the regime T Tg, where the system is nonergodic except for very long annealing times, hence has time-dependent properties (aging and annealing). The third part discusses behavior when the system is completely frozen with respect to the primary relaxation process but in which secondary... Times Cited: 1924 5. Title: Relaxation in liquids, polymers and plastic crystals strong/fragile patterns and problems. Source: Jounal of Non-Crystalline Solids An overview of relaxational phenomenology is given in a manner intended to highlight a number of the important problems which, notwithstanding much recent sophisticated investigation, continue to confront the field. The rapidly lengthening timescale for diffusional and/or reorientational motion, which provokes the glass transition, is examined within the framework of the strong and fragile classification of both liquids and plastic crystals. The behavior patterns observed are related to the topological features of the potential energy hypersurfaces which may characterize each extreme. In view of the implication that the observed glass transition is the kinetically obscured reflection of an underlying higher order thermodynamic transition which could be associated with a diverging length scale (at least for fragile systems), the problem of the basic diffusional length scale at the glass transition, using a probe molecule... Times Cited: 1905
6. Title: Glass: structure by spectroscopy Authors: J Wong, CA Angell Book Title: Glass Structure by spectroscopy. Contributors: Author: J Wong Publisher: M. Dekker (New York) Year: 1976 Pub Type: Book (ISBN 0824764684) Times Cited: 1474 7. Title: Spatially heterogeneous dynamics in supercooled liquids 5. MD Ediger Annual review of physical chemistry 2000 annualreviews.org... Liquids like o- terphenyl, which show a strongly non-arrhenius temperature dependence as Tg is approached, have been characterized by Angell as fragile... in Figure 3. The anisotropy decay is well fit by the KWW equation (Equation 1), and an average rotation time τ c can be... Times Cited: 1329 8. Title: Vitrification as an approach to cryopreservation Authors: GM Fahy, DR MacFarlane, CA Angell, HT Meryman Source: Cryobiology 1984, 21, 4, 407-426 Recent developments have opened the possibilty that the problems of freezing and thawing organs might eventually be overcome by an alternative approach to organ cryopreservation, namely, vitrification. Here we will review some of the principles of vitrification, describe the current state of the art, consider how a practical vitrification scheme might work, and conclude by noting how the principles of vitrification relate to and illuminate the principles and practices of freezing. Times Cited: 1186 9. Title: Perspective on the glass transition Source: Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 1988, 49, 8, 863-871 Some of the reasons for the current interest in the phenomenology of vitrification are reviewed and progress due to, as well as limitations of, mode coupling theories (MCT) for viscosity divergence are examined. Liquids which fit the MCT predictions best are also those with the most imminent Kauzmann entropy crises near the glass transition temperature, Tg. Mode coupling predictions break down far above Tg at the point, Tx, where Goldstein long ago argued that activated processes controlled by the (3N + 1)- dimensional potential energy surface for the N- particle system should become dominant. Examining behavior in the energy topologycontrolled regime, we note that ergodicity-breaking is not simply a consequence of viscosity
divergence. In the liquids best fitting MCT, which are at the fragile extreme of liquid behavior, shear and structural relaxation processes slowly decouple below Tx, leading to breakdown... Times Cited: 1026 Papers Cited >1000X WEB OF SCIENCE March 2019 1. Title: Formation of glasses from liquids and biopolymers Source: Science 267, 5206, 1924-1935 DOI: 10.1126/science.267.5206.1924 Published: Mar 31, 1995 Times Cited: 3,070 2. Title: Non-exponential relaxations in strong and fragile glass-formers Authors: R Bohmer, KL Ngai, CA Angell, et al. Source: Journal of Chemical Physics 99, 5, 4201-4209 (1993) Published: Sep 1, 1993 Times Cited: 1,684 3. Title: Supercooled liquids and glasses Authors: MD Ediger, CA Angell, SR Nagel Source: Journal of Physical Chemistry 100, 31, 13200-13212 DOI: 10.1021/jp953538d Published: Aug 1, 1996 Times Cited: 1,588 4. Title: Relaxation in liquids, polymers and plastic crystals strong fragile patterns and problems Source: Jounal of Non-Crystalline Solids 131, 13-31 (1991) DOI: 10.1016/0022-3093(91)90266-9 Part: Part I
Published: Jun 1991 Times Cited: 1,561 5. Title: Relaxation in glassforming liquids and amorphous solids Authors: CA Angell, KL Ngai, GB McKenna Source: Journal of Applied Physics 88, 6, 3113-3157 (2000), Article Number PII The field of viscous liquid and glassy solid dynamics is reviewed by a process of posing the key questions that need to be answered, and then providing the best answers available to the authors and their advisors at this time. The subject is divided into four parts, three of them dealing with behavior in different domains of temperature with respect to the glass transition temperature, T-g, and a fourth dealing with "short time processes." The first part tackles the high temperature regime T > T- g, in which the system is ergodic and the evolution of the viscous liquid toward the condition at T-g is in focus. The second part deals with the regime T similar to T-g, where the system is nonergodic except for very long annealing times, hence has timedependent properties (aging and annealing). The third part discusses behavior when the system is completely frozen with respect to the primary relaxation process but in which secondary processes, particularly those responsible for "superionic" conductivity, and dopart mobility in amorphous silicon, remain active. In the fourth part we focus on the behavior of the system at the crossover between the low frequency vibrational components of the molecular motion and its high frequency relaxational components, paying particular attention to very recent developments in the short time dielectric response and the high Q mechanical response. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)02213-1]. Times Cited: 1,435