Smith et. al, Carnivore Cooperation, Page, 1

Smith et. al, Carnivore Cooperation, Page, 1 Electronic supplement. Natural history data for each available species of Carnivora. Family Lo ngevity (yrs) Ailuridae Ailurus fulgens Red panda 2 423 5 1.0 269 41 2 0.12 129 120 14 1.8 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Alopex lagopus Arctic fox 2 796 5 1.3 280 36 9 0.07 52 63 10 0.0 19 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1.0 Canis aureus Golden jackal 2 10 1.2 440 72 3 0.20 63 63 14 0.7 8 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 4.0 Canis latrans Coyote 2 1922 13 1.1 550 88 6 0.22 62 42 17 0.9 44 1 1 0 0.5 1 0 0 0 1 2.0 Canis lupus Grey wolf 3 3029 31 1.2 575 132 6 0.43 64 63 13 1.3 267 1 1 1 0.5 1 1 1 0 1 4.0 Canidae Canis mesomelas Blackbacked jackal 2 1860 9 1.1 485 51 4 0.16 61 61 10 0.4 7 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 3.0 Canis simensis Ethopian wolf 4-10 1.4 575 81 4 0.40 60 63 9 0.4 10 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 2.0 Cuon alpinus Dhole 3-13 1.4 485 95 5 0.28 62 60 8 0.3 69 1 1 1 0.5 1 1 0 1 1 4.0 African Lycaon pictus hunting dog 4 2852 22 1.1 695 129 8 0.37 71 77 11 0.5 1020 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5.0

Smith et. al, Carnivore Cooperation, Page, 2 Urocyon cinereoargenteus Gray fox 1-4 1.4 343 41 4 0.12 63 56 15 5.2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Vulpes vulpes Red fox 2 1191 7 1.4 402 43 5 0.11 54 49 10 2.0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.0 Cerdocyon thous Crabeating fox 2 733 5 1.0 481 42 4 0.37 56 90 9 4.0 2 0 0 0 0.5 1 0 0 0 0 1.0

Smith et. al, Carnivore Cooperation, Page, 3 Canidae Family Longevity (yrs) Chrysocyon brachyurus Nyctereutes procyonoides Maned wolf Raccoon dog 2-23 1.0 820 120 3 0.40 63 143-0.0 44 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 1 0 0 1.0 2-4 1.0 481 29 9 0.09 62 52 11 0.0 6 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Otocyon megalotis Speothos venaticus Bateared 2-4 1.0 350 27 4 0.12 68 62 9 0.9 2 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 1 0 0.5 1.5 fox Bush dog 4-6 1.6 300 40 4 0.15 71 100-1.2 5 1 1 1 0.5 1 0 0 0 1 2.0 Vulpes bengalensis Indian fox 2-3 1.6 368 26 4 0.06 51 23 10 0.6 2 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.5 Vulpes velox Swift fox 2 428 2 1.2 359 32 4 0.04 51 51 7 0.3 27 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Cryptoprocta ferox Fosa 1-10 1.2 370 32 3 0.10 90 122-0.3 20 1 0 0 0.5 1 0 0 0 0 1.0 Eupleridae Fossa fossana Galidia elegans Spotted fanaloka Ringtailed vontsira 1 434 2 1.1 175 20 1 0.07 87 68-6.6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 2-1 1.2 170 11 1 0.05 78 58-37.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Felidae Acinonyx jubatus Felis silvestris Cheetah 1 4824 50 1.2 805 111 3 0.23 92 98 14 0.0 825 1 1 1 0.5 1 0 1 0 0 2.0 European 1 472 6 1.4 375 37 2 0.14 64 84 17 0.4 20 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 wildcat

Smith et. al, Carnivore Cooperation, Page, 4 Leopardus pardalis Leptailurus serval Ocelot 1 1501 12 1.2 428 63 2 0.25 77 49 9 0.8 9 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Serval 1 682 12 1.2 580 57 3 0.14 71 128 23 3.5 2 1 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Lynx lynx Eurasian lynx 1-18 1.2 675 70 2 0.07 68 113 17 0.3 22 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Lynx rufus Bobcat 1 1967 9 1.4 515 58 3 0.31 54 60 12 0.3 59 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Panthera leo Lion 3 8155 162 1.6 1150 224 3 1.65 109 240 20 4.7 126 1 1 0 0.5 1 1 1 1 0.5 4.5 Family Longevity (yrs) Felidae Panthera onca Panthera pardus Panthera tigris Jaguar 1 5777 100 1.3 862 151 2 0.82 99 115 14 0.0 75 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Leopard 1-52 1.6 615 125 2 0.55 95 139 12 0.1 129 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Tiger 1 11541 163 1.4 1000 279 3 1.26 106 165 21 0.0 130 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Puma concolor Puma 1 5262 52 1.6 650 125 3 0.40 92 90 13 0.3 525 1 1 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Caracal caracal Caracal 1-14 1.3 440 55 3 0.17 73 125-0.4 57 1 1 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Felis chaus Jungle cat 1-7 1.5 365 39 3 0.13 62 90-0.7 113 1 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Felis nigripes Blackfooted cat 1-1 1.5 260 20 2 0.07 66 33 12 0.2 13 1 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0

Smith et. al, Carnivore Cooperation, Page, 5 Neofelis nebulosa Oncifelis geoffroyi Panthera uncia Indochinese clouded leopard Geoffroy's cat Snow leopard 1-20 1.0 525 69 2 0.22 92 128-0.3 35 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 1-4 1.1 300 34 2 0.09 74 68 15 0.1 7 1 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 1-44 1.3 600 101 2 0.46 98 76-0.0 164 1 1 1 0.5 1 0 0 0 0 1.0 Prionailurus bengalensis Prionailurus viverrinus Leopard cat 1-3 1.3 275 29 3 0.09 65 44 15 0.4 3 1 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Fishing cat 1-9 1.8 393 47 2 0.17 69 88-0.1 12 1 1 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Herpestidae Atilax paludinosus Galerella pulverulenta Marsh mongoose Cape grey mongoose 1-3 1.1 206 29 2 0.10 75 43-1.8 1 1 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 3-1 1.4 138 11 3 0.03 60 58-10.0 1 1 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 1 0 1.0

Smith et. al, Carnivore Cooperation, Page, 6 Herpestidae Longevity (yrs) Helogale parvula Dwarf mongoose 4-0 1.0 76 5 3 0.02 51 49 13 10.5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3.0 Herpestes javanicus Javan mongoose 1 194 1 1.5 180 7 2 0.03 49 50-7.5 0 1 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Mungos mungo Banded mongoose 4-2 1.0 168 10 3 0.02 60 35-11.7 1 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 1 1 0.5 2.5 Suricata suricatta Slendertailed meerkat 4 149 1 1.0 135 10 4 0.03 77 56 10 2.0 5 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 3.0 Crocuta crocuta Spotted hyena 3-63 0.9 790 144 2 1.50 110 360 20 0.6 235 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.5 4.5 Hyaenidae Hyaena brunnea Hyaena hyaena Brown hyena Striped hyena 3-42 1.1 738 98 3 0.69 92 360 12 0.0 308 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.5 1 2822 32 1.0 763 107 3 0.70 91 60-0.0 69 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 Proteles cristata Aardwolf 1 999 10 1.0 475 35 3 0.30 78 120-1.0 5 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Mephitidae Mephitis mephitis Spilogale putorius Striped skunk Spotted skunk 1-2 1.2 206 10 5 0.03 49 62 6 6.5 4 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.5 1 145 0 1.7 81 5 5 0.01 66 49-14.0 26 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.5 elida e Aonyx River 2-19 1.1 330 95 3 3.36 168 53-1.5 121 1 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0

Smith et. al, Carnivore Cooperation, Page, 7 capensis Eira barbara Enhydra lutris Gulo gulo otter Tayra 1 587 4 1.2 323 36 2 0.08 65 64-0.1 12 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Sea otter 1 9039 24 1.4 430 125 1 1.87 143 64 27 0.4 53 1 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.5 Wolverine 1 2668 17 1.4 394 78 3 0.10 35 70 6 0.0 315 1 1 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0

Smith et. al, Carnivore Cooperation, Page, 8 Family Mustelidae Longevity (yrs) Lontra canadensis Lutra lutra Martes americana Martes martes North American river otter European otter American marten European pine marten 3-8 1.1 290 53 3 0.14 60 131-0.0 205 1 0 0 0.5 1 0 0 0 0 1.0 1 2583 9 1.6 300 42 2 0.29 62 112-0.1 50 1 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 1 319 1 1.4 188 16 3 0.03 27 46 6 1.2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 1 354 1 1.0 188 20 4 0.03 30 59 10 0.1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Martes pennanti Martes zibellina Fisher 1-4 2.0 278 32 3 0.03 77 46 10 0.1 26 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Sable 1-1 1.2 188 19 3 0.03 45 54-0.4 13 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1.0 Meles meles Mustela erminea Mustela frenata Mustela lutreola European badger Shorttailed weasel Longtailed weasel European mink 3 1381 13 1.1 316 50 3 0.10 42 95 6 3.5 1 1 0 0 0.5 0 0 1 0 0.5 1.5 1 128 0 1.8 85 4 7 0.00 35 63 7 3.5 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 1 100 0 1.6 90 4 6 0.00 24 63-9.4 62 1 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 1-0 1.5 145 9 5 0.01 100 56 10 3.4 0 1 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0

Smith et. al, Carnivore Cooperation, Page, 9 Mustela nivalis Mustela putorius Neovison vison Least weasel European polecat American mink 1 87 0 1.6 65 2 5 0.00 40 42-0.6 0 1 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 1-1 1.7 150 8 8 0.01 32 49 10 1.0 2 1 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 1 235 1 2.1 190 9 5 0.01 36 48 10 4.5 2 1 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0

Smith et. al, Carnivore Cooperation, Page, 10 Family Procyonidae Longevity (yrs) Pteronura brasiliensis Giant otter 3-24 1.2 350 86 2 0.20 68 110-0.3 20 1 0 0 0.5 1 0 1 1 0 3.0 Taxidea taxus American badger 1 1301 7 1.1 269 49 3 0.94 49 42 18 5.0 8 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Bassariscus astutus Nasua narica Ringtailed cat Whitenosed coati 1 186 1 1.1 160 16 3 0.03 52 120 16 3.1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 3 577 4 1.1 305 30 4 0.14 74 127 14 12.4 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0.5 3.5 Potos flavus Kinkajou 3 409 3 1.0 254 26 1 0.17 115 101 29 27.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Procyon lotor Raccoon 1 822 6 0.9 266 40 4 0.11 64 119 20 11.7 6 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Ailuropoda melanoleuca Giant panda 1-108 1.2 950 235 2 0.11 48 180 26 0.1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Helarctos malayanus Sun bear 1-47 1.2 700 345 1 0.28 110 90-0.1 13 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Ursidae Melursus ursinus Tremarctos ornatus Sloth bear 1 4066 93 1.4 763 305 2 0.40 60 76-0.1 26 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Andean 1-110 2.0 750 195 2 0.32 220 89-0.1 80 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 bear Ursus americanus Ursus arctos Black bear Brown bear 1 5560 100 1.5 910 260 2 0.29 60 168 29 0.2 28 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 1 8356 173 1.5 1200 338 2 0.45 63 730 28 0.2 53 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0

Smith et. al, Carnivore Cooperation, Page, 11 Ursus maritimus Polar bear 1 11652 389 2.1 1650 459 2 0.64 60 303 25 0.0 135, 000 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Ursus thibetanus Asiatic black bear 1-78 1.5 1000 314 2 0.35 210 98-0.7 98 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0

Smith et. al, Carnivore Cooperation, Page, 12 Family Longevity (yrs) Viverridae Arctictis binturong Binturong 1 1101 10 1.0 375 41 3 0.32 82 78 18 0.1 10 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Civettictis civetta African civet 1-12 1.7 330 37 2 0.42 69 126 15 0.1 11 0 1 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Genetta genetta Common genet 1-2 1.1 163 14 2 0.07 75 83-0.7 2 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Genetta tigrina Largespotted genet 1 360 2 1.1 194 15 2 0.07 70 58 12 1.3 1 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0