MARIANA DANIELA MANU *

Analele ştiinţifice ale Universităţii Al. I. Cuza Iaşi Tomul L, s. II a. Biologie vegetală, 2004 THE BIOLOGICAL LASER SYSTEMS AS BIOPHOTONIC MODELS OF THE LIVING MATTER WITH LIVING MATTER THERMODYNAMIC IMPLICATIONS. THE BIOLOGICAL LASER THEORY (PART II) MARIANA DANIELA MANU * Abstract. The paper consists in the obligatory theoretical examination from a thermodynamic point of view of the biophotonic model of laser systems and biological laser phenomena as models of the living matter structure, based on principles related to the laser structure and functionality as given by the biological laser system. The model relies on the interference between light and living matter, on the application of the non-linear optics and finite thermodynamics of the biological laser systems. It is classify the living matter systems from a thermodynamic point of view. It is underline the characteristic feature of the isotherm and adiabatic system of the cells into a homoeo-thermal organism. According to Biological Laser Theory the basic role is that of the semiconductor laser molecular phosphate-water-molecular oxygen system both in decreasing the thermodynamic entropy of the living matter systems, as negative entropy, and the increase of the informational entropy as a laser phenomena, or bioluminescence. It is revealed the mode of the performing mechanical work at molecular level, the role in maintaining the energetic equilibrium of the system. It is describes the new perspectives of the fundamental interdisciplinary research. As experimental method I add biophotonic DL and SE tests. I made them in 2003 year, at International Institute of Biophysics IIB Neuss Germany. Key words: biological laser systems, biological laser phenomena, bioluminescence, nonlinear medium, phosphate, thermodynamics entropy, and informational" entropy Introduction The paper continue to present theoretic and experimental method that sustained the point of view of the Manu-Stănciulescu Biological Laser Theory (BLT) 1993-2003 [4; 5; 10] regarding the living matter thermodynamic, as a result of light interference with living matter and bioluminescence effects. The complex mechanism of plants and animals physiology is sustained now by bio-photonic studies and I was presented them in the first part of the article [4]. The TLB hypothesis had to be verified from a thermodynamic point of view at all levels of an organism, but now I do it for the molecular level, to validate hypothesis by the bio-photon tests [5]. II. Experimental method The experimental method was done at the International Institute of Biophysics Neuss, Germany by myself [6]: photo-multiplier PMS-1 for stimulated emission of radiation DL (delayed luminescence) and PMS-2 for spontaneous emission of the samples. So it was verified the main hypothesis of BLT, the thermodynamic properties of KDP (basis of mol sem BLS) as nonlinear medium: anti-stokes rule and Stokes rules. For that * National Institute of Inventions Iaşi, 700506, No. 3-5 Carol I Bvd., mailto: manu_daniela2000@yahoo.com 141

exist two devices, a photo-multiplier PMS-1 for stimulated emission of radiation or DL ( delayed luminescence ) tests and a photo-multiplier PMS 2 for SE ( self emission ) tests. For DL tests the device has a white light source (200 nm-800 nm), as a 150w bulb and exists possibilities to range a few parameters in the dark chamber of the device: the temperature, color (by filter) time exposure and pressure, concentration. Exists too electronic balance, voltmeter, electronic thermometer, etc. The dark chamber is a sphere with a 23 cm diameter, and permit inside a small sample to be put in a quartz recipient. It has two windows that are open and shut alternatively: one is directed to the light stimulus, the second is for counting the photons that are emitted by the sample. I was doing tests with samples of different origin (mineral, vegetal and animal type), but in this study I present only mineral samples and their results and conclusions. Self-emission SE of PMS-2 device shows a great emission in the dark chamber of device, because of all day light accumulation. In a full tub it was 41,8146 g KDP as KDP salt 100% (electronic balance). KDP or KH 2 PO 4 has M=136,09 g / mol. A full tub contains 33,7135 g-distilled water. 100000 90000 80000 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 17142 1327 2087 389 482 27878 15988 17301 90000 50000 KDP salt 100% 3,5099 g KDP sol 11,13 % sol7,7% Na Cl at 37 C distilated water at 37 C (31,4205 g) distilated water at 6 C KDP at -12 C KDP at +20 C KDP at +40 C SE in KDP salt at 25C SE in potable water 25 C (10 ml) 1.DL in solutions KDP 136,09 g/mol (E. Merck) at 37 C 2.SE in KDP salt, water at 25 C 3.DL in KDP salt 100%, at different temperatures The DL tests in water, KDP salt and solutions, at different temperatures indicate (original) Results and Discussion I took in study all components of semiconductor molecular BLS, water, phosphate, less molecular oxygen nut it is suppose to be in normal concentration in water. I select for this study only results that are relevant for our hypothesis about water and phosphate role in bioluminescence emission. So, The distillate water is emitted both in visible (389 counts 142

/s/cm 2 ) and UV spectrum (222 counts /s/cm 2 ), at the same temperature. At low degree (6ºC) distillated water is emitted more (482 counts /s/cm 2 ) than at high (37º C) temperature (389 counts /s/cm 2 ). The phosphate is emitted stimulated emission of radiation DL. At a constant temperature (37 C) the phosphate is emitted more as a salt (17142 counts /s/cm 2 ) than a solution (1327 counts /s/cm 2 ). About 20ºC KDP salt has the lowest level of DL (*white light delayed luminescence) as 15988 counts /s/cm 2. It is registering a high level both for low temperature (27878 counts /s/cm 2 at 12ºC) and high temperature (17301 counts/s/cm 2 at 40ºC). This may to explain three real facts: the first it shows a physical fact: a great photon emission up and down 20ºC explains KDP s properties as a semiconductor type both for high and low temperature; the second it shows the possibility of life existence in extreme conditions of cold (north and south poles) and heat (the equator desert); the third it shows the correlation between the mechanism of temperature increasing and phosphorescence and bioluminescence intensity at all level of other type of BLS (membrane, nucleus, cell), that determine the acceleration or inhibition of BEMF effects at the liquid crystal level [6] (chemical, electric, magnetic, photon processes). A lot of them are initiated by the light presence, and activate light dependence enzyme (with PO 4 ) group for: polymerize, hydrolysis, photolysis. For example, ADN and ARN forms long chains that include phosphate group in different concentration, in a medium of water. The molecular oxygen determines the speed of reaction too. Other DL tests proof that distilled water emits more photons/ 0,1s / cm 2 (389) than potable water (222) and emits more photons at low temperature (482 / 0,1s / cm 2 at 6 C) than for a high temperature (389 / 0,1s / cm 2 at 37 C). Any solution of KDP in water emits more photons than distilled or potable water: 10,41 % KDP emits 1327 / 0,1s / cm 2. The Na Cl is emitted luminescence after DL tests both as salt and solution 7,5 % NaCl - 2087 photon /0,1s/cm 2 more than sol 11,13 % KDP (1327 counts /s/cm 2 ). This explains: the activator role of Na and Cl ions and the power competition between the Na + and K + ions in the membrane Donnan equilibrium. I found [1] the order of first potential level of some elements as: K (4, 339 ev), Na (5,138 ev), S (10,357 ev), P (10,55 ev). That means that some atoms as P, S, K, Na etc. may absorb photon and so first may be activated by the light energy and than photochemical reaction take place (hydrolysis, isomerization, polymerization). The other side P is one of component of a luminescent active substance, has a meta-stable electron of P atom in double linked P=O able to kept 1,2, 3, or... n photons (a) round him, as in a trap of photons in the P atom [3]. The BL intensity on the graphics curves show length of time decrease, proportional to PO 4 concentration and the type of BLS: 0,1s 6s till to minutes, hours, days, years. The light power amplification in frequency and amplitude modulation, length of time, are well registered at the organs level of vegetables (leaves, branches, fruits) and animals too (nervous systems), but all these done the subjects of another paper [6; 13]. Self-emission SE tests proof that in the nighttime (dark) the living matter emits bioluminescence from internal source of light, the existence of a proper laser active substance. The dark permit emission of a high number of photon, as in SE tests, for KDP 143

salt 90000, for potable water 50000 photons / 0,1s / cm 2. These great numbers of photon emission in SE is possible in two situations. First, they were absorbed daytime for a long period, as a surplus of energy, when daytime is longer than nighttime period (as in spring and summer time), so that photon is never discharge completely nighttime. Second, the temperature increases in spring, summer, and decreases in autumn and winter. Both of them are activated the nonlinear optic properties of KDP, or sem. mol. BLS. SE great values of water (50000 photon/ 0,1s / cm 2 ) and KDP (90000 / 0,1s / cm 2 ) explains the bioluminescence possibility of changing the sense of propagation, form the internal source of light - sem. mol. BLS (whose power is great than the outside light power) to external source, which is absent in the nighttime). 144 Conclusions The Biological Laser Theory (BLT) is based on fundamental multidiscipline studies, which are introducing in biology some knowledge from technique domain as nonlinear optics, lasers, liquid crystals for a good understanding of the living matter natural structure and function. So are the laser principles of structure and function and biologic nonlinear phenomena. Delayed luminescence DL and self-emission SE tests proof the existence and properties of the (biological) basic laser active substance as sem mol BLS or the molecular complex system (phosphate -water molecular oxygen) [PO 4 3 ]- [H 2 O] [O 2 ]. DL and SE tests may explain how this molecular complex realize an ideal thermodynamic cycles as an Yin-Yang model, which may be explained by nonlinear optics method. It is possible now to explain in good terms and to test some unknown properties of living matter. the light power by temperature (infrared) or visible-ultraviolet monochromatic light modulation, So, nonlinear optics explain how a nonlinear medium as KDP may amplify (or decrease) according to anti - Stokes rule (energy increasing) Stokes rule (energy decreasing) and photon (1,2, or n photon) absorption by the electron of a nonlinear medium (KDP). The DL tests proof the possibility of light stimulation and secondary emission of an amplified radiation, as delayed luminescence (DL), as the origin of phosphorescence and bioluminescence (as laser type). All components of sem mol BLS are absorbing and storage photons daytime and render them nighttime. Exist a mutual relation between linked water and KDP, water is absorbing a part of sem mol BLS photon emission during daytime and is rendered photon nighttime, as SE test proof. So it is maintaining a permanent photon emission. Distilled water emits more photons/ 0,1s / cm 2 than potable water and emits more photons at low temperature than for a high temperature. Any solution of KDP in water emits more photons than distilled or potable water. So the water is important for the cell structure and function (about 90 % water). The water absorbs and emits a large and great power spectrum of radiation (visible, IR, UV) daytime. The cold water emits is higher number of photon when exists a low outside temperature.

The water (and KDP) SE tests proof a high number of photon emissions, being an expression of light radiation accumulation (light energy) during the daytime and restoring it nighttime, when the light is absent and temperature decrease. That permits the bioluminescence maintenance in the dark and its secondary effects, which are maintaining the life processes. Self-emission (SE) tests proof: the possibility of existing an internal source of light as sem mol BLS and establish the sense of light transmission. In general the sense of transmission is determinate by the position of a great source of light, inside or outside of the cell. The internal source of light is mol sem BLS is able to absorb, storage and secondary light emission, as an inside source of light or bioluminescence. It is excitable to a large spectrum of light stimulus (IR, visible, UV), but it is modifying both the light frequencies (as light information) and power. Phosphorus atom has propriety of phosphorescence, or bioluminescence, as laser type phenomena, we detect as delayed luminescence DL and self-emission (SE) tests. It generates the photon effect as holography (light frequency and amplitude modulation), thermal and plasma laser effects at molecular level, initiate secondary effects, biochemical water hydrolysis (e -, proton H +, OH, HO-OH ), redox reaction. So other effects may to appear the electric, magnetic and again photon effects. The DL intensity (number of photon / s /cm 2 ) and duration of emission increase when the PO 4 3 (or KDP) concentration increase, and medium temperature, under and over 20 C, which may appear as a possible triple point of KDP (as mol. sem. BLS type) or phosphoric acid T critical. =T K =20 C. This means a special property of KDP, a high and low temperature semiconductor type as semiconductor molecular biologic laser system and animate the living matter with it s light as a LED. More, this low and high temperature domain of light emission may explain the extension of forms of life in extreme conditions of the Earth (desert, poles). The energy dissipation problem of living matter thermodynamic may be solved. So, nonlinear optics permit us to observe the existence of an intermediary phase between the entropy increasing and the entropy decreasing, for the molecular complex system (phosphate- water molecular oxygen) [PO 4 3 ] - [H 2 O] [O 2 ] or sem mol BLS. It is absorbing both visible spectrum photon and heat photon in daytime, when a part is transmitted and a part is storage in its macro-energetic compounds or in linked water. The BLT proves the existence of a biological way to discover new living matter and light properties. Appliques for education, for bionics, physic biophysics, biochemistry, biology, physiology etc. The scientists may have new biological models for science development. 145

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