The situation, approximately 14 billion years before right now: BANG

Th situatio, aroximatly 14 billio yars bfor right ow: BANG

Th, shortly thraftr: = lctro = roto = utro = atilctro = atiroto = atiutro

Th, th uivrs xadd ad coold:

Th, Tru Lov! Each articl fids its soul mat.

Marrid lif is assioat, but short.

Marrid lif is assioat, but short. Nothig is lft but a uls of light.

I th mass cosmic wddig, thr was sombody for vryo. POP OP!

I th mass cosmic wddig, thr was sombody for vryo. Exct for a vry small umbr of loly, lft-ovr articls, that obody watd! POP OP!

Qustio: Who ar ths fial, fw, loly articls that o o watd? POP OP!

Qustio: Who ar ths fial, fw, loly articls that o o watd? Aswr: Thy ar you. POP OP!

Qustio: Why, right aftr th Big Bag, was thr just a tiy bit mor mattr tha atimattr? (How is it w ca xist, today?) POP OP!

Qustio: Why, right aftr th Big Bag, was thr just a tiy bit mor mattr tha atimattr? (How is it w ca xist, today?) Aswr: Physicists do t kow! But w ar tryig to udrstad. OP! POP

What dos lctric diol momt hav to do with a tiy bit mor lctro tha atilctro 14 billio yars ago?

What dos lctric diol momt hav to do with a tiy bit mor lctro tha atilctro 14 billio yars ago? Modr-day fossil of acit asymmtry. Symmtris:

What dos lctric diol momt hav to do with a tiy bit mor lctro tha atilctro 14 billio yars ago? Modr-day fossil of acit asymmtry. Symmtris 1.lctros act just lik atilctros.

What dos lctric diol momt hav to do with a tiy bit mor lctro tha atilctro 14 billio yars ago? Modr-day fossil of acit asymmtry. Symmtris 1.lctros act just lik atilctros. 2.lctros ad othr articls look th sam i th mirror:

I atur, w s a lot of symmtry. thigs look th sam i th mirror. thigs look sam wh tim rus backwards. (littl thigs.) mattr is sam as atimattr this is a littl hard to xlai: ths diffrt symmtris ar coctd by thortical cosidratios.

Mt Mr. Elctro. charg = -q mass = m -

Mt Mr. Elctro. charg = -q mass = m It sis. s -

Mt Mr. Elctro. charg = -q mass = m It sis. It has a magtic orth ol ad south ol. N s - B S

Mt Mr. Elctro. charg = -q mass = m It sis. It has a magtic orth ol ad south ol. Symmtry Qustio: orth ad south ol th sam? N s - S B

North Pol, Earth South Pol, Earth

Mt Mr. Elctro. N - S

Mt Mr. Elctro. N + - - S

Mt Mr. Elctro. N E lctro Elctric Diol Momt (EDM)? - + - S

Mt Mr. Elctro. lctro Elctric Diol Momt (EDM)? + - - - EDM looks lik offst btw ctr of mass ad ctr of charg!

Mass d Charg d < 10-28 cm

A xtra thickss of lctric charg o orth ol, i roortio to th siz of th arth, thickss of a virus. If th lctro has a asymmtry of this tiy siz, a vry small lctric diol momt, that would b a vry imortat fossil, a big clu to hl xlai th mor imortat asymmtry, th asymmtry that asks why ar w hr?

Masurig lctro EDM usig molcular ios JILA EDM collaboratio

Kvi Cossl (ow Dr.) Matt Grau Laura Siclair Huaqia Loh Dr. Kag-Ku Ni (ow Prof.) Will Caircross Da Grsh Yiqi Ni Prof. Ju Y Prof. Eric Corll Bob Fild Joh Boh Ed Myr Chris Gr Jia Wag St Ptrsbrg Thory Thaks: NSF/PFC, NIST, ad Marsico Foudatio

A xtra thickss of lctric charg o orth ol, i roortio to th siz of th arth, thickss of a virus. How to masur somthig so vry small?

#1 Rul of xrimtal hysics: if you wat to masur somthig vry carfully, chag th thig you wat to masur ito a frqucy, ad masur that!

gravity!

This is a vry good way to masur gravity. If it gts v a vry small amout strogr gravity! or wakr, th clock will tick a littl fastr or a littl slowr. Physicists ca masur chags i clock as small as o art i 1,000,000,000,000,000 (10-15 )

Ex #2: How strog is th magt? N N A comass. S S

Ex #2: How strog is th magt? A comass. S N S N

Ex #2: How strog is th magt? A comass. S If our littl magt is wak, it wiggls slowly (low frqucy), if it is strog, it wiggls quickly (high frqucy). Masur th frqucy masur th magt! N S N

Ex #2: How strog is th magt? A comass. S Th roto (isid your body, isid th NMR scar) is a vry small magt. To mak th roto wiggl strogly w d th biggst lab magt ossibl. N S a roto isid atit s body. N

Ex #3: Forgt about roto! Forgt about magt! What about lctro lctric diol momt? S A comass. N S N

Ex #3: Forgt about roto! Forgt about magt! What about lctro lctric diol momt? S A comass. +- - A lctro with, mayb! lctric diol momt (EDM) N

Ex #3: Forgt about roto! Forgt about magt! What about lctro lctric diol momt? +++++++ A comass. +- - A lctro with, mayb! lctric diol momt (EDM) --------

A comass. +++++++ If lctro EDM xists at all, it is vry small. W must aly a VERY larg lctric fild. Two roblms! - +- A lctro with, mayb! lctric diol momt (EDM) --------

If lctro EDM xists at all, it is vry small. W must aly a VERY larg lctric fild. Two roblms! +++++++ - +- Problm 1: Lightig! Sark! (If lctric fild is too big.) --------

If lctro EDM xists at all, it is vry small. W must aly a VERY larg lctric fild. Two roblms! +++++++ - +- Problm 2: Elctro gts ulld away by lctric fild. --------

Q: Whr i atur ca w fid a REALLY STRONG lctric fild?

Q: Whr i atur ca w fid a REALLY STRONG lctric fild? A: Isid a molcul! Examl: NaCl (Sodium Chlorid). Plai salt. Na + Cl -

Q: Whr i atur ca w fid a REALLY STRONG lctric fild? A: Isid a molcul! Examl: NaCl (Sodium Chlorid). Plai salt. Na + Cl - Hf ++ Fl- W us HfF + Hafium Fluorid lus

Big lctric fild is good it hls lctro wiggl fastr! What ls do w d to comar tim rally wll? Hf ++ Fl W us HfF + Hafium Fluorid lus

Gradfathr #1: tick, tick, tick Gradfathr #2: tick, tick, tick

Which clock is fastr? Lt s cout th ticks. Aftr o mi, #1: 60 ticks. #2: 60 ticks. Ar thy th sam? Gradfathr #1: tick, tick, tick Gradfathr #2: tick, tick, tick

Which clock is fastr? Lt s cout th ticks. Aftr o mi, #1: 60 ticks. #2: 60 ticks. Ar thy th sam? Lt s cout for o hour. #1: 3600. #2 3600. Gradfathr #1: tick, tick, tick Gradfathr #2: tick, tick, tick

Gradfathr #1: tick, tick, tick Gradfathr #2: tick, tick, tick Which clock is fastr? Lt s cout th ticks. Aftr o mi, #1: 60 ticks. #2: 60 ticks. Ar thy th sam? Lt s cout for o hour. #1: 3600. #2 3600. Wow. Thy ar rally th sam. Lt s cout for o day: #1: 86398. #2: 86399.

I ordr to list to th lctro tick for a log tim, w k th molcul, HfF +, i a io tra.

A box to k ios i so w ca masur thm a log tim. A io tra.

Lasrs Exrimt Lasrs Lasrs

Sca-ramsy-1 2 3 4 5: S= 47mHz/hr -1/2 23.4 V/cm, B Hall= +0.033 V, E = 6 V/cm, ur doublt, i/2 duratio = 1.07 ms, π /2 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 Dltio Cotrast 0.1 0-0.1-0.2-0.3-0.4 f: 16.429(27) Hz; φ: (2π)0.4898(85); offst: 0.0167(71); Cotrast: 0.613(38); τ: 860(120-0.5 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 T (ms)

Q #1: How to w mak th lctro, i th molcul, tick? Q #2: How do w list to it tick? A: W us lasrs.

SF 6 +N - - +/- +/- Hf + 0 + 0 May scis, ic. utral HfF May isotos, may v, may J may F, may Ma occ. ~1/1000 + + Ifrard Lasr #0 -/+ 0 0 -/+ +/- +/-

Rydbrg HfF, *~15, v=1 N=0,l=2,l+s=3/2,J=3/2 HfF + 1 Σ + v=1 May scis, ic. utral HfF May isotos, may v, may J may F, may Ma occ. ~1/1000 uv lasr #2 1 Σ + - 180 HfF + 1 Σ + v=0 30% N=0, m N =0 m I = +/-1/2, ma occ. =15% utral 180 HfF Ω=1/2 J=1/2 Sigl itral quatum lvl. uv lasr #1

N A comass. +++++++ _ S- N+ A lctro with, North ol, south ol ad, mayb! lctric diol momt (EDM) -------- S

N A comass. ----------- _ S- N+ A lctro with, North ol, south ol ad, mayb! lctric diol momt (EDM) ++++++ S

(f u (B) f u (-B)) (f l (B) f l (-B)) = 0.34(33) Hz Ur Doublt Lowr Doublt 2015-6-19 A rcisio masurmt of th lctro EDM usig trad molcular ios 84

Ssitivity Estimat d < 2E ff h τ N N = 4 ios/shot (~10 6 couts/day) E ff = 5x10 10 V/cm τ = 0.4 scod roj. ssitivity: d ~ 10-28 *cm with 1 day of data So far, all masurmts ar cosistt with zro. Th most accurat so far is th Harvard/Yal grou, our comtitio, who s that it must b smallr tha 10-28 *cm. W ho to ass thm, soo!

Systmatics How to mak sur you r actually masurig somthig

Systmatic Error Rjctio. Ky Chos. Cho: B E E/E ff v Othr Tl bam Y Y N Y YbF bam Y Y N N* PbO vaor cll Y Y Y N* trad Cs Y Y N Tra Cs foutai Y Y N N ThO bam Y Y Y N* Trad MF+ Y N Y Rotatio ss

Systmatic Error Rjctio. Ky Chos. Cho: B E E/E ff v Othr Tl bam Y Y N Y W v got th chos, ad: Ky fact: ν scic is iddt of magitud of E, B, ad ω rot. Also should b iddt of strgth of io tra cofimt, T, ad io. YbF bam Y Y N N* PbO vaor cll Y Y Y N* trad Cs Y Y N Tra Cs foutai Y Y N N PbF bam Y Y N N* Trad MF+ Y N Y Y* Rotatio ss

Systmatics bottom li: W hav t thought of a killr systmatic at th 10-28 lvl yt. W will hav a umbr of owrful tchiqus for smokig out ufors os.

Systmatics bottom li: W hav t thought of a killr systmatic at th 10-28 lvl yt. W will hav a umbr of owrful tchiqus for smokig out ufors os. I th d, w v got to try it, bcaus w ar fossil hutrs

Systmatics bottom li: W hav t thought of a killr systmatic at th 10-28 lvl yt. W will hav a umbr of owrful tchiqus for smokig out ufors os. I th d, w v got to try it, bcaus w ar fossil hutrs ad hutrs got to hut.

180 HfF +1,3 Π 0 3 1 1 Σ + 180 HfF + 1 Σ + v=0 N=0, m N =0 m I = +/-1/2,

180 HfF +1,3 Π 0 ir lasr #1 ir lasr #2 3 1 1 Σ + 180 HfF + 1 Σ + v=0 N=0, m N =0 m I = +/-1/2,

180 HfF +1,3 Π 0 ir lasr #1 ir lasr #2 1 Σ + 180 HfF + 1 Σ + v=0 N=0, m N =0 m I = +/-1/2,

Liar Paul tra. V z ω z /2π=800 Hz 15 cm V z

Liar Paul tra. Liar quadruol Paul tra. V z -V rf V rf =A rf cos ω rf t ω z /2π=800 Hz +V rf +V rf 15 cm +V rf +V rf ω rf /2π~ 50 khz -V rf ω x /2π~ω y /2π~ 3 khz V z

Liar Paul tra. Liar quadruol Paul tra. V z -V rf V rf =A rf cos ω rf t ω z /2π=800 Hz +V rf +V rf 15 cm +V rf +V rf ω rf /2π~ 50 khz -V rf ω x /2π~ω y /2π~ 3 khz V z Liar quadruol Paul tra, with rotatig lctric bias fild φ = 300 o V rot =A rot cos ω rot + φ φ = 240 o φ = 0 o ω rot /2π~ 200 khz φ = 180 o φ = 120 o φ = 60 o E rot ~ 20 V/cm r rot ~ 0.5 mm

Liar Paul tra. Liar quadruol Paul tra. V z -V rf V rf =A rf cos ω rf t ω z /2π=800 Hz +V rf +V rf 15 cm +V rf +V rf ω rf /2π~ 50 khz -V rf ω x /2π~ω y /2π~ 3 khz V z Liar quadruol Paul tra, with rotatig lctric bias fild φ = 300 o V rot =A rot cos ω rot + φ φ = 240 o φ = 0 o φ = 180 o φ = 120 o φ = 60 o ω rot /2π~ 200 khz E rot ~ 20 V/cm..ad with a magtic gradit fild to rovid bias. Trasitio frq. is immu to uiform dc B-filds: o mu-mtal shildig cssary! r rot ~ 0.5 mm

180 HfF +1,3 Π 0 ir lasr #1 ir lasr #2 1 Σ + 180 HfF + 1 Σ + v=0 N=0, m N =0 m I = +/-1/2,

180 HfF +1,3 Π 0

180 HfF +1,3 Π 0??

180 HfF +1,3 UΠ 0 γ Dtct LIF? 3 1? HfF + ir lasr #2 uv lasr #4 180 HfF + Ω=0 J=0 uv lasr #3 r Hf-F -/+ Hf + + F Io cout (arb.) Io cout (arb.) +/- +/- HfF +? Hf +? +/- +/- -/+ Arrival tim (us) Arrival tim (us)

Q: What about systmatic rrors?

Cohrt trasfr difficulty: larg dolr width 986 m Ω 12 Ω 23 900 m 3 1 J = 1 W u = 2g F µ B B + d ε ff W l = 2g F µ B B - d ε ff m J = -1 0 1

Rthikig Io Tra Loadig Crat r-olarizd saml of ios via 2 hoto rocss 1064 m ablatio uls dflctio lat 2 hoto ioizatio uls valv skimmr + + V DC V DC V cos( ωt) RF -VRFcos( ωt) V DC V DC + + + V DC -VRFcos( ωt) V DC ~ 100 sig H + 1% SF 6 Hf rod + + V DC Total lgth ~1.5 m VRFcos( ωt) V DC microchal lat Not to Scal