The Cell
Cell Structure Vocab Plasma membrane Nuclear envelope Nucleus Nucleolus Cytoplasm Mitochondria Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosome Vacuole Cell wall Chloroplast Cytoskeleton Centriole Cilium Flagellum Pseudopod Prokaryote Ribosome Eukaryote 2
The cell is the basic unit of life. Cell Theory 1. All living things are composed of cells 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. 3. New cells are produced from other cells.
Prokaryotes (bacteria) Usually a membrane, some cytoplasm, organelles and a flagella. Sometimes have a cell wall. Eukaryotes (animals, plants, fungi, protista) Have nucleus and many complex organelles
Categories of Cells Prokaryotes No Nucleus Missing most organelles Usually very small Include bacteria cells Eukaryotes Have a nucleus Have most organelles Big (at least for cells) Include animals & plants
There are 75 trillion cells in the human body
Cells are made up of organelles that all produce a specific function within the cell
Parts of Cells Nucleus The control center of the cell, holds on to the DNA Nuclear Envelope The protective outer layer of the nucleus Nucleolus Spot inside the nucleus where ribosomes are made
Cell Membrane: The protective outer layer of a cell, made of lipids and decides what can get in or out of the cell.
Plasma Membrane Selectively permeable: Some things are allowed through The cell membrane (plasma membrane) is more than a boundary separating and protecting the cell. -regulates movement of substances -communication and interaction with other cells -Lipid bilayer
Mitochondria Mitochondria generate energy for the cell ( powerhouse )
Endoplasmic Reticulum ( ER ) Helps make proteins, lipids and complex carbs.
Golgi Body packages macromolecules Lysosome removes waste and other trash
Still More Cell Parts Ribosome builds proteins frequently stick to E.R. Vacuole storage space
Cell Wall the tough, rigid layer that surrounds some types of cells Chloroplast Does photosynthesis in some types of cells
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Cytoskeleton Internal framework of the cell. The cell s skeleton Cytoplasm Cytoplasm is a semi-fluid substance (think gelatin) found inside the cell. The cytoplasm encases, cushions and protects the internal organelles.
Centrioles Makes the cytoskeleton
Cell Organelles Cilia Numerous hair-like projections Move foreign matter along cell surfaces Flagella few and long Projections Moves the entire cell
Cell Physiology A cell is the smallest unit of matter that carries out ALL life processes Reproduction Growth Energy production waste digestion response to stimuli excretion movement
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Membrane Transport Cells must constantly move material between their internal and external environments. Passive TransPort Diffusion Osmosis Active transport Facilitated Diffusion
Moving Material in/out of cells Diffusion Naturally moves molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration (think of smells spreading out or out of a window) Osmosis diffusion through a semi- permeable membrane. Water moving from high concentration to low.
Diffusion Movement of material from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Osmosis Diffusion of Water 3 types Hypotonic- more water moves into the cell, blowing it up like a balloon Hypertonic- More water exits the cell, making it shriveled Isotonic- equal amount of water enters and exits the cell