Reserch Article ISSN: 0976-1209 Avilble online through http://jprsolutions.info Stbility-indicting HPTLC determintion of mefenmic cid in bulk drug nd phrmceuticl formultions. Sf F. Sleh, b, Syed M. Derey nd Mhmoud A.Omr Anlyticl Chemistry Deprtment, Fculty of Phrmcy, Mini University, Mini, Egypt b Phrmceuticl Chemistry Deprtment, Fculty of Phrmcy, Jizn University, Kingdom of Sudi Arbi Received on: 17-12-2013; Revised on: 29-12-2013; Accepted on:15-01-2014 ABSTRACT High-performnce thin-lyer chromtogrphic method ws described for the nlysis of Mefenmic cid in powder nd in phrmceuticl formultions. The method employed HPTLC luminum pltes precoted with silic gel 60F 254 s the sttionry phse nd mixture of petroleum ether chloroform glcil cetic cid (5.0 : 3.0 : 0.5, v/v/v) s mobile phse. This system gve compct spots for Mefenmic cid with R f vlue of 0.60. Densitometric nlysis of mefenmic cid ws crried out in the bsorbnce mode t 283 nm. The liner concentrtion rnge ws 0.2 3.0 µg per spot with correltion coefficient of 0.9987. The limits of detection nd quntittion were 0.09 nd 0.30 µg per spot, respectively. Mefenmic cid ws subjected to cid nd lkli hydrolysis, oxidtion nd photodegrdtion. The degrded product ws well seprted from the prent drug. The drug does not undergo degrdtion under photo, oxidtive nd cidic conditions. Degrdtion with sodium hydroxide showed dditionl spot t R f vlue of 0.32. This indictes tht the drug is susceptible to lkline degrdtion. Sttisticl nlysis proves tht the method is repetble nd selective for the estimtion of this drug. As the method could effectively seprte the drug from its degrdtion product, it considered s stbility-indicting one. Furthermore, the method ws successfully pplied for mefenmic cid nlysis in commercilly vilble tblets. Keywords: Mefenmic cid; HPTLC; Stbility indicting; Degrdtion 1. INTRODUCTION Mefenmic cid, n nthrnilic cid derivtive, is nonsteroidl ntiinflmmtory drug. It exhibits nti-inflmmtory, nlgesic nd ntipyretic ctivities. It is used commonly to relive pin rising from rheumtic condition nd dismenorrhe s it decreses inflmmtion (swelling) nd uterine contrctions. It binds to the prostglndin synthetse receptors COX-1 nd COX-2, inhibiting the ction of prostglndin synthetse, s result the symptoms of pin re temporrily reduced [1]. Severl nlyticl techniques like, spectrophotometric [2-5], spectrofluorimetric [6], GC [7], LC [8], HPLC [9-15], TLC [16, 17] hve been reported for ssy of mefenmic cid. HO O H N CH 3 CH 3 Fig.1. Chemicl structure of Mefenmic Acid *Corresponding uthor. Sf F. Sleh Anlyticl Chemistry Deprtment, Fculty of Phrmcy, Mini University, Mini, Egypt The Interntionl Conference on Hrmoniztion (ICH) guideline entitled stbility testing of the drug substnces nd products requires the stress testing to be crried out to elucidte the inherent stbility chrcteristics of the ctive substnce [18]. An idel stbility-indicting method is one tht quntifies the drug per se nd lso resolves its degrdtion products. Nowdys, HPTLC is becoming routine nlyticl technique in nlyticl lbortories due to its dvntges [19]. The mjor dvntge of HPTLC is the simultneous determintion of severl smples on single chromtogtm using smll quntity of mobile phse [19]. This reduces nlysis time, cost per nlysis nd possibilities of pollution of the environment. The im of the present work is to develop simple, nd promising stbility-indicting TLCdensitometric method tht cn be pplied t qulity-control lbortories for the determintion of mefenmic cid in pure form, phrmceuticl tblets nd rtificilly degrded smple. 2. EXPERIMENTAL 2.1. Mterils Mefenmic cid ws obtined s gift from Pfizer Phrm, (Ciro, Egypt). All chemicls nd regents were of nlyticl grde. Chloroform, hydrochloric cid, hydrogen peroxide (30 volumes) nd sodium hydroxide were purchsed from El-Nsr Chemicl CO. (Ciro, Egypt). Mefenmic cid dossg forms were purchsed from locl mrk; Interntionl Journl of Chemicl nd Anlyticl Science Vol.5.Issue.1.Jnury 2014 55-60
Mefentn cpsule (Globl Npi, Ciro, Egypt) lbeled to contin 250 mg per cpsule. Ponstn Forte cpsule (Pfizer Phrm, Ciro, Egypt) lbeled to contin 500 mg per cpsule nd Frostn Forte cpsule Phro Phrm, Ciro, Egypt) lbeled to contin 500 mg per cpsule. 2.2. HPTLC instrumenttion Chromtogrphic seprtion ws performed on luminum plte precoted with silic gel 60F 254, (20 cm 10 cm with 250 µm thickness) (Merck, Drmstdt, Germny). The smples were spotted with Cmg micro-syringe 100 µl, using Cmg Linomt 5 utosmpler, (Cmg, Muttenz, Switzerlnd). Densitometric scnning ws performed on Cmg TLC scnner 3 S / N 130319 in the bsorbnce mode t 283 nm utilizing deuterium lmp s source of rdition with WINCATS softwre (Cmg, Muttenz, Switzerlnd). 2.3. Chromtogrphic conditions Aliquot mount of the working stndrd or smple solutions were spotted on the plte in the form of bnds of width 3 mm with 100 µl micro-syringe, using utosmpler. A constnt ppliction rte of 0.1 µl/s ws employed nd spce between two bnds ws 3 cm. The bnds were pplied t 1 cm from the bottom edge of the plte. The plte ws then llowed to dry on ir for 5 min before its trnsfer to the mobile phse tnk. The mobile phse consisted of petroleum ether: chloroform: glcil cetic cid (5.0 : 3.0 : 0.5 v/v/v). Liner scending development ws crried out in chromtogrphic chmber previously sturted with the mobile phse for 15 min t room temperture. The length of chromtogrm run ws 8 cm subsequent to the development. TLC pltes were dried in current of ir with the help of n irdryer. Densitometric scnning ws performed t 20 mm/s scnning speed nd the slit dimension ws kept t 6.0 0.30 µm. The TLC chromtogrm ws mnipulted by WINCATS softwre. 2.4. Stndred solution preprtion Stock solution contining mefenmic cid (1 mg/ml) ws prepred by dissolving 50 mg of mefenmic cid in 50 ml chloroform. 2.5. Clibrtion curves construction Different volumes of stock solution, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.4, 1.8, 2.2, 2.6, nd 3.0 µl, were spotted in triplicte on TLC plte to obtin concentrtions of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.4, 1.8, 2.2, 2.6 nd 3.0 µg per spot of mefenmic cid, respectively. Densitometric nlysis ws performed s described under the Section 2.3. Clibrtion curve ws constructed by plotting the verge pek re versus the corresponding concentrtion of the spot. Dt ws nlyzed by lest-squre liner regression nlysis nd the liner regression eqution ws estimted. 2.6. Method vlidtion 2.6.1. Precision Precision ws checked t three concentrtion levels (0.6, 0.8 nd 1.0 µg per spot). Four replicte mesurements were recorded t ech concentrtion level. 2.6.2. Robustness of the method The robustness of the proposed method ws exmined by introducing smll chnges in the mobile phse composition nd scnning wvelength. Mobile phses hving different composition of petroleum ether chloroform glcil cetic cid (4.9 : 3.1 : 0.5 nd 5.1 : 2.9 : 0.5, v/v/v). nd different wvelength (278 nm nd 288 nm) were tried t three different concentrtion levels (0.6, 0.8 nd 1.0 µg per spot). 2.6.3. Recovery studies Aliquot mounts of the dosge forms extrct were spiked with extr 50, 100 nd 150 % of the stndrd mefenmic cid nd the mixtures were renlyzed in triplicte by the proposed method. 2.7. Anlysis of the commercil formultion Ten tblets of mefenmic cid were ccurtely weighed nd finely powdered. The content of ten cpsules were ccurtely weighed nd mixed well. An mount of the powdered tblets or mixed cpsules content equivlent to 50 mg of mefenmic cid ws ccurtely weighed nd extrcted with 20 ml chloroform by soniction for 30 min. The extrct ws completed to 50 ml with chloroform nd the resulting solution ws centrifuged t 3000 rpm for 5 min. The obtined superntnt ws nlyzed for drug content. Four replictes t three concentrtion levels (0.6, 0.8 nd 1.0 µg per spot of mefenmic cid) were pplied on TLC plte followed by development nd scnning s described in Section 2.3. 2.8. Forced degrdtion of Mefenmic cid Acid nd bse induced degrdtion were crried out by dding 2 ml of 5 M queous hydrochloric cid or 5 M queous sodium hydroxide to 20 ml of mefenmic cid stock solution (1 mg/ml). The mixtures were boiled under reflux for 6 hrs. Oxidtive degrdtion with hydrogen peroxide (30.0 % v/v) ws crried out t the sme mnner but without reflux. These degrdtion procedures were performed in the drk in order to exclude the possible degrdtive effect of light. Photochemicl stbility ws studied by exposing the working solution to direct dylight for 24 h. The resultnt solutions were pplied on TLC plte (1.0 µg/spot) nd the chromtogrms were obtined s described in Section 2.3. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1. Method development TLC procedure ws optimized with view to develop stbilityindicting ssy method. Both the pure nd degrded drug solutions were spotted on TLC pltes nd developed in different solvent systems. Initilly, petroleum ether-chloroform in vrying rtios ws tried. Mobile phse contining petroleum ether- chloroform (5.0 : 3.0, v/v) gve good resolution with R f vlue of 0.60 for mefenmic cid nd 0.32 for degrdnt but the peks hve tiling. Addition of 0.5 ml glcil cetic cid to the bove mobile phse gve compct spots for both drug nd the degrdnt. Finlly, the mobile phse consisting of petroleum ether- chloroform glcil cetic cid (5.0 : 3.0 : 0.5, v/v/v) Interntionl Journl of Chemicl nd Anlyticl Science Vol.5.Issue.1.Jnury 2014 55-60
gve shrp nd symmetricl pek (Fig 2). Well-defined spots were obtined when the chmber ws sturted with the mobile phse for 15 min t room temperture. 3.2. Method vlidtion Vlidtion ws done following the ICH guidelines [18]. The method ws evluted in terms of linerity, ccurcy, inter-dy nd intr-dy precision, robustness, nd repetbility of smple ppliction. Linerity: Liner clibrtion curve ws constructed for mefenmic cid by mesuring the pek res of triplicte bnds t ten incresing concentrtions 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.4, 1.8, 2.2, 2.6, 3.0 µg per spot of mefenmic cid.the curve ws constructed by plotting the verge pek res ginst the corresponding concentrtion of the spot. Liner regression nlysis ws pplied to clculte the nlyticl prmeters of the constructed curve. The liner regression nlysis dt for the clibrtion plots showed good liner reltionship with regression coefficients (r 2 ) of 0.9974 over the concentrtion rnge 0.2-3.0 µg per spot. Limit of detection (LOD) nd limit of quntittion (LOQ): LOD nd LOQ were clculted bsed on stndrd devition of response nd the slope of clibrtion curve. The limit of detection ws expressed s: LOD = 3 σ / S while LOQ= 10 σ/ S, where σ is the stndrd devition of intercept nd S is the slope of clibrtion curve. The clculted detection nd quntittion limits were 0.09 nd 0.3 µg per spot, respectively, indicting the high sensitivity of the proposed method (Tble 1). Tble 1. Anlyticl prmeters for the proposed TLC method for determintion of mefenmic cid. Prmeters Results Linerity Rnge (µg/spot) 0.2-3.0 Correltion coefficient (r) 0.9987 Determintion coefficient (r 2 ) 0.9974 Intercept () ± SD 1889.6 ± 102.9 Confidence limit of intercept b 1486.8 Slope (b) ± SD 5819.7 ± 118.6 Confidence limit of slope b 5579 LOD (µg /spot) 0.09 LOQ (µg /spot) 0.3 () Number of determintion is 10. (b) 95% confidence limit. Precision: The repetbility of smple ppliction ws expressed in terms of % RSD. The intr- nd inter-dy precisions were crried out t three different concentrtion levels, i.e. 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 µg /spot. Tble 2. Summrize the result of Inter- nd intr-dy precision study. The clculted reltive stndrd devition vlues were below 2 % indicting good repetbility nd relibility of the proposed method [18,20]. Tble 2. Intr- nd inter-dy precision for the determintion of mefenmic cid by the proposed TLC method. Amount Intr-dy precision Inter-dy precision (µg per % Recovery SE % Recovery SE spot) ± % RSD ± % RSD 0.6 99.0 ± 0.83 0.41 100.5 ± 1.52 0.76 0.8 99.5 ± 0.58 0.29 98.5 ± 0.37 0.18 1.0 98.3± 0.97 0.48 99.2 ± 1.34 0.67 the vlue is the verge of four determintions. Robustness: The robustness of the method ws crried out by introducing smll chnges in the mobile phse composition or scnning wve length, nd exmining the effects on the results. Robustness ws exmined using four replictes. It ws found tht these vritions hve no significnt chnge in the results (Tble 3). Tble 3. Robustness of the proposed TLC method for determintion of mefenmic cid. Mobile phse % Recovery b Wve length %Recovery b composition ± % RSD (nm) ± % RSD No chnge 99.6 ± 0.26 No chnge 99.6 ± 0.26 4.9: 3.1 : 0.5 99.4 ± 0.33 278 99.3 ± 0.90 5.1 : 2.9 : 0.5 99.2 ± 0.21 288 99.1 ± 0.98 the vlue is the verge of four determintions. Accurcy: Recovery studies were crried out for estimtion of the ccurcy of the proposed method. These studies were crried out using stndrd ddition method t three concentrtion levels. The obtined results were summrized in Tble 4. The low RSD vlue (< 2) indicted the suitbility of the method for routine nlysis of mefenmic cid in phrmceuticl tblets. Tble 4. Stndrd ddition method for the recovery studies % Drug dded Totl content % Recovery ± SD SE (µg/ spot) 0 0.6 100.1 ± 0.53 0.31 50 0.9 99.9 ± 0.10 0.05 100 1.2 99.2 ± 0.25 0.14 150 1.5 98.5 ± 0.35 0.20 the vlue is the verge of four determintions. 3.3. Stbility-indicting study The stbility of mefenmic cid solution ws exmined using different stress conditions. Alkli hydrolysis with 5 M queous NOH (figure.3) result in the ppernce of new pek t R f vlue of 0.32, This pek ppers before tht of the mefenmic cid. This gives n indiction tht the degrdtion product is more hydrophilic thn prent drug. Hydrolysis with 5 M queous Hcl (figure.3b) or oxidtion with hydrogen peroxide (figure.3c) or exposure to dylight (figure 3d) did not produce ny significnt chnge on the drug chromtogrms. This is n evidence of the stbility of mefenmic cid ginst cidic hydrolysis, oxidtion nd photodegrdtion but libility of mefenmic cid for lkline degredtion. Interntionl Journl of Chemicl nd Anlyticl Science Vol.5.Issue.1.Jnury 2014 55-60
Fig. 2. Chromtogrms of pure mefenmic cid (R f : 0.60) using silic gel 60F254 s the sttionry phse, mixture of petroleum ether chloroform glcil cetic cid (5.0 : 3.0 : 0.5, v/v/v) s mobile phse nd bsorbnce mode t 283 nm. (c) (b) () (d) (e) Fig. 3. Chromtogrms of mefenmic cid () degrded with 5 M NOH, (b) degrded with 5 M HCl, (c) degrded with hydrogen peroxide nd (d) degrded with dylight, (e) without degredtion. Pek t R f : 0.60 is for mefenmic cid nd pek t R f : 0.32 is of degrded product, 3.4. Appliction to commercil tblets The proposed chromtogrphic method ws finlly pplied for the determintion of mefenmic cid in the commercilly vilble dosge forms. The obtined results of the present method ws sttisticlly compred with tht of the reference method [21]. Tble 5 shows tht the clculted t- nd F- vlues t 95% confidence level re less thn the tbulted. This confirms tht there is no significnt difference between the performnce of the developed method nd the reference method in regrded to ccurcy nd precision. Tble 5. Anlysis of commercil tblets contining mefenmic cid using the proposed nd reported methods. Dosge forms Lbeled % Recovery ± SD t- vlue F- vlue content Reported Proposed method method Mefentn 250 mg 100.3 ± 1.52 99.1 ± 1.70 0.933 1.25 Ponstn Forte 500 mg 99.8 ± 1.15 98.3 ± 1.53 0.422 1.75 Frostn Forte 500 mg 99.6 ± 1.69 98.0 ± 1.0 0.684 1.23 Interntionl Journl of Chemicl nd Anlyticl Science Vol.5.Issue.1.Jnury 2014 55-60
4. CONCLUSION In this work, HPTLC technique ws developed nd vlidted for the nlysis of mefenmic cid in bulk nd phrmceuticl tblets. The proposed method is simple, ccurte nd highly selective for mefenmic cid. The method ws pplied for the stbility study of the drug under different stress conditions. As the method seprtes the drug from its degrdtion product, it cn be considered s stbilityindicting one. The stisfctory sensitivity nd simplicity mke the methods suitble for routine nlysis of mefenmic cid in qulity control lbortories. 5. REFERENCES 1. Goodmn & Gilmn, the phrmcologicl bsis of therpeutics, 10th ed. Mc Grwhill. 2001. 2. Anju, G.; Singhvi, I. Spectrophotometric estimtion of ethmsylte nd mefenmic cid from binry mixture by dul wvelength nd simultneous eqution methods, Indin J. Phrm. Sci. 2008, 1, 108-11. 3. Dhivelkr, P.P.; Bri, V.K.; Shirkhedkr, A.A.; Fursule, R.A.; Surn, S.J. Simultneous derivtive And Multi-Component Spectrophotometric Determintion of Drotverine Hydrochloride And mefenmic Acid In Tblets, Indin J. Phrm. Sci. 2007, 6, 812-4. 4. Grg, G.; Swrnlt, S.; Srf, S. Simultneous Estimtion of Mefenmic Acid nd Ethmsylte, Indin J. Phrm. Sci. 2007, 2, 279-81. 5. Kotti, M.A.; Rttih, G.; Mnvln, R.; Knnppn, N. Simultneous Estimtion of Prcetmol And Mefenmic Acid in Tblets using Orthogonl Polynomil Function Method, J. Appl. Chem. Sci. 2008, 5, 7-14. 6. Tyyebeh, M.; Abbs, A.; Msoumeh, M. Second-order dvntge pplied to simultneous spectrofluorimetric determintion of prcetmol nd mefenmic cid in urine smples, Anl. Chim. Act. 2009, 1-2, 25-9. 7. Dusci, L.J.; Hckett, L.P. Gs-liquid chromtogrphic determintion of mefenmic cid in humn serum, J. Chromtogr. A. 1978, 161, 340-2. 8. Mohmmd, R.R.; Ali, A.; Yld, H.A.; Fkhredin, A. Liquid chromtogrphy method for determintion of mefenmic cid in humn serum, J. Chromtogr. B. 2004, 1-2, 189-92. 9. Prsd, P.D.; Snjy, B.B.; Suvrn, B.; Ashok, M.B. High Performnce Liquid Chromtogrphic Estimtion of Drotverine Hydrochloride nd Mefenmic Acid in Humn Plsm, Irn J. Phrm. Res. 2009, 3, 209-15. 10. Rouini, M.R.; Asdipour, A.; Ardkni, Y.H.; Aghdsi, F. Liquid chromtogrphy method for determintion of mefenmic cid in humn serum, J Chromtogr B Anlyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2004, 1-2, 189-192. Source of support: Nil, Conflict of interest: None Declred 11. Ibrhim, H.; Boyer, A.; Boujil, J.; Couderc, F.; Nepveu, F. Determintion of non-steroidl nti-inflmmtory drugs in phrmceuticls nd humn serum by dul-mode grdient HPLC nd fluorescence detection, J Chromtogr B Anlyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2007, 1, 59-66. 12. Suenmi, K.; Lim, L.W.; Tkeuchi, T.; Ssjim, Y.; Sto, K.; Tkekoshi, Y.; Knno, S. Rpid nd Simultneous Determintion of Non-steroidl Anti-inflmmtory Drugs in Humn Plsm by LC-MS with Solid Phse Extrction, Anl. Bionl. Chem. 2006, 7-8, 1501-1505. 13. Suenmi, K.; Lim, L.W.; Tkeuchi, T.; Ssjim, Y.; Sto, K.; Tkekoshi, Y.; Knno, S. On-line smple extrction nd enrichment of non-steroidl nti-inflmmtory drugs by precolumn in cpillry liquid chromtogrphy mss spectrometry, J.Chromtogr. B: Anl. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 2007, 1, 176-183. 14. Hung, C.Y.; Hwng, C.C. Anlysis of ketoprofen nd mefenmic cid by high-performnce liquid chromtogrphy with moleculrly imprinted polymer s the sttionry phse, J. Chromtogr. Sci. 2008, 9, 813-818. 15. Ho, E.N.M.; Leung, D.K.K.; Wn, T.S.M.; Yu, N.H. Comprehensive screening of nbolic steroids, corticosteroides, nd cidic drugs in hourse urineby solid- phse extrction nd liquid chromtogrphy-mss spectrometry, J. Chromtogr, A. 2006, 1-2, 38-53. 16. Hopkl, H.; Pomyklski, A. TLC nlysis of non-steroidl nti-inflmmtory drugs nd videodensitometric determintion of fenbufen in tblets, Journl of Plnr Chromtogrphy - Modern TLC. 2004, 5, 383-587. 17. Jiswl, Y.S.; Tlele, G.S.; Surn, S.J. Quntittive nlysis of ethmsylte nd mefenmic cid in tblets by use of plnr chromtogrphy, Journl of Plnr Chromtogrphy - Modern TLC. 2005, 106, 460-464. 18. ICH, Q2B Vlidtion of Anlyticl Procedure: Methodology. Interntionl Conference on Hrmoniztion, Genev, Mrch 1996. 19. Mhdik, M. V.; Dhneshwr, S. R. Appliction of stbilityindicting HPTLC method for the quntittive determintion of ezetimibe in phrmceuticl dosge forms, Asin J. Phrm. Sci. 2007, 2, 182-190. 20. The United Sttes phrmcopei 29 nd NF 25 The Ntionl Formulry, Americn phrmceuticl Assicition, Wshington, DC. 2007. 21. Hrinder, S.; Rjnish, K.; Pinderjit, S. Development of UV spectrophotometric method for estimtion of mefenmic cid in bulk nd phrmceuticl dosge forms, Interntionl Journl of Phrmcy nd Phrmceuticl Sciences. 2011, 3, 237-238. Interntionl Journl of Chemicl nd Anlyticl Science Vol.5.Issue.1.Jnury 2014 55-60