Forward nucleon tagging at EIC J.H. Lee BNL EIC User Group Meeting 218
Outline EIC physics with (far-)forward nucleon tagging focusing on protons with Roman Pots Interaction Region integration Requirement and considerations for measurements with Roman Pots 2
EIC physics and measurements inclusive DIS measure scattered electron with high precision semi-inclusive DIS detect the scattered lepton and final state (jets, hadrons, correlations in final state) exclusive processes all particles in the event identified 3 EIC Collaboration Meeting 217 E.C. Aschenauer
Physics with forward tagging Defining exclusive reactions in ep/ea: ep: reconstruction of all particles in (diffractive) event including scattered proton with wide kinematics coverage ea: identify with rapidity gap. need wide rapidity coverage [ HCal for 1<η<4.5] Identifying coherence of nucleus in diffractive ea: ~% acceptance for neutrons from nucleus break-up Sampling target in e+ 3 He,d with spectator nucleons Accessing event geometry in semi-inclusive ea with evaporated nucleons γ, ρ, Φ, J/Ψ, Jets scattered electron γ, ρ, Φ, J/Ψ, Jet scattered proton 4 EIC Collaboration Meeting 217 E.C. Aschenauer
Forward protons in diffraction Scattered with ~O(mrad): Need a detector close to the beam - Roman Pot to detect Large angle (high-t) acceptance mainly limited by beam aperture [t~pt 2 ~p 2 θ 2 ] Small angle (low-t) acceptance limited by beam envelop (~<σbeam) Reconstruction resolution limited by beam angular divergence (~O(μrad)), emittance uncertainties in beam offset, crossing, transport, detector alignment, vertex reconstruction resolution at RHIC δp/p ~.5 δt/t ~.3/ t in addition, effect of crab crossing (expected to be << beam divergence) need to be simulated Roman Pots set up at STAR / RHIC
Impact of proton acceptance Measurement -1 DVCS - 2 GeV x 25 GeV - fb Physics observable (cross-section vs impact parameter) -1 DVCS - 2 GeV x 25 GeV - fb Plots from EIC White Paper: Fourier transform Requirement: L int =fb -1.18 < p t (GeV) < 1.3.3 < t (GeV 2 )< 1.6 2 2 dσ/d t pb/gev 3 2.2.4.6.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6-1 2 DVCS - 2 GeV x 25 GeV - t fbgev dσ/d t pb/gev 5 4 3 limited lower p T -acceptance L int =fb -1.44 < p T (GeV) < 1.3 2 ] ] -2 ) [fm t,b x B F(x B 1.2 1.8.6.4.2.2.4.6.8 1 1.2-1 DVCS - 2 GeV x 25 GeV - fb b [fm] T -2 ) [fm t,b x B F(x B 1.4 1.2 1.8.6.4.2 2 dσ/d t pb/gev 4 3 2.2.4.6.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6-1 2 t GeV DVCS - 2 GeV x 25 GeV - fb limited higher p T -acceptance ] -2 ) [fm t,b x B F(x B.2.4.6.8 1 1.2-1 DVCS - 2 GeV x 25 GeV - bfb T 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.8 [fm] L int =fb -1.18 < p T (GeV) <.8.6 1.4.2-1.2.4.6.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 2 t GeV 6.2.4.6.8 1 1.2 b T [fm]
IR design at erhic Integrating requirements for hadron beam direction Forward Detector (6-2 mrad) Neutron detector ZDC ( to 4 mrad) Roman Pots (sensitive 1 to 5 mrad) electron and hadron polarimetry at separate IR @ IP-12 7
Proton acceptance with erhic Events Events Events 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 5 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 5 35 3 25 2 15.2.4.6.8 1 1.2 1.4.2.4.6.8 1 1.2 1.4 5 ~σ away from beam line B RP 275 x 18 GeV DVCS proton P t x GeV first quad aperture & beam pipe DVCS proton P t 41 x 5 GeV vacuum system ~2mrad cone DVCS proton P t [GeV/c] [GeV/c].2.4.6.8 1 1.2 1.4 [GeV/c] p T acceptance for forward scattered protons from exclusive reactions Plots: HD (high divergence) mode Acceptance gap between RP and B will be further optimized Accept.3 < pt< 1.3 GeV and higher à Low p T -part can be filled in with HA (high acceptance, smaller beam divergence) running mode 8 E.C. Aschenauer
Proton acceptance with JLEIC IP spectrometers electron IR Layout Compton polarimetry forward e detection forward ion detection ions proton at GeV Region1 R.Yoshida Polarized Light Ions at EIC 218 Region2 9
Spectator protons in 3 He, d Deuteron spectator protons GeV x 42 GeV GeV x GeV 3He spectator protons l Crucial for identifying processes with a neutron target [e(p)+n] in light ions - d, 3 He l Spectator neutron (<~4 mrad) can be identified by a calorimeter at beam rapidity (zero degree calorimeter) l Tagging spectator protons from d, 3He GeV x 42 GeV GeV x 166 GeV l Relying on separation from magnetic rigidity (B r ) changes 3He: p = 3/2:1 d:p = 2:1 l Momentum spread mainly due to Fermi motion + Lorentz boost
Spectator protons with Roman Pots spectators in e+ 3 He Unambiguously identified e+p event vs e+n event in e+ 3 He 1p +1n vs 2p = 3% vs 22% (DPMJetIII) Y [mm] 15 5 5 spectator protons from d spectator protons from 3 He 15 2 15 5 5 X [mm] 11 Common detector RP be utilized for tagging forward proton from diffraction and the spectator protons from 3 He? measurement can be done with RPs + forward detector + ZDC Shown example distribution at fixed RP locations at erhic IR Detectors can be configured to optimize the acceptance
Roman Pots at EIC: considerations l Integral part of IR design l beam divergence, aperture limit, multiple running mode/beam parameters l optimized location for optimal performance and acceptance l Coverage l need to measure diffractive protons in beam envelop - aperture limit with full φ acceptance l need wide coverage in momentum for tagging spectator protons for light ions l Operation l operation no disturbance to the beam, routine operation l run simultaneously with normal operation for high luminosity sampling (ref: RHIC, LHC) l Detector technology l tracking silicon/pixel + timing/triggering counter (ref: latest development at LHC) l space constraint for full φ coverage in horizontal: 2d-move l geometrical configuration/size for maximal coverage for various energies 12
Summary Forward nucleon tagging crucial part of EIC physics Requirement for forward detectors are integrated in the IR design The IR with the forward detector system (Roman Pot) can cover physics needs for wide ranges of nucleon energies in ep and ea (5-275 GeV/nucleon) More detailed simulation and detector design study with further optimization underway 13