CHAPTER IV URBAN LAND USE AND URBAN LAND USE CHANGES 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Concept of urban Landuse 4.3 Landuse in PCMC 4.4 Landuse change 4.5 Land use in 2001 4.6 Land use in 2009 4.7 Land use in 2011 4.8 Conclusion 60
CHAPTER IV URBAN LAND USE AND URBAN LAND USE CHANGES 4.1 Introduction Urban is a dynamic place and the rapid increase of the world s urban population coupled with the slowing of rural population growth has led to a main redeployment of the population over the past 30 years. Urban growth, particularly the movement of residential and commercial land use to rural areas at the periphery of metropolitan areas. Urban land use change is a very important phenomenon which characterizes the urban and sub urban area surrounding the cities and suitable in general to urbanization activities (Mohamed Ait Belaid 2003). The transformation of land into urban and suburban uses is one of the fastest alterations of the developing country landscape today. In this chapter satellite data is used for interpreting the land use. Two types of satellite data are used viz., IRS P6 -LISS III (Year 2001 and 2009) and IRS 1D - PAN (Year 2011) images. LISS III images classified using a supervised classification with minimum distance parameters. The classified images are verified again for its accuracy. PAN image is high spatial resolution panchromatic image. 4.2 Concept of urban Landuse The geographical distribution of land use in urban areas is of most important attention to the geographer urban sociologist and city planners. The theories of urban land use have been subjects of a number of criticism, increase and modification since the 1920s. It is a simple attempt to classify urban systems into structure that we can simply understand and give details. Though the proponents and many authors that had worked on these theories recognized the fact that every city has unique understanding and history and thus it is difficult to box into a unified theory or concept the changed process and pattern of any urban area. It is however undeniable that theorizing and modeling urban land use greatly help in simplifying complex urban systems for easy understanding, interpretation, comprehension and therefore management. The three best known of urban land use structure theories are the concentric zone theory, the sector theory and the multi 61
nuclei theory (O. Oluseyi Fabiyi 2006).Urban growth and land use change can be used by the public land use planners and policy makers to predictable and plan for the future. 4.3 Landuse in PCMC The unplanned migration along with the natural growth of population led to rapid increase in the population of Pimpri-Chinchwad in the last five decades. The chronology of events in the development of the city of Pimpri Chinchwad is presented below. 1970: The Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Council with a status of C class was formed on 04.03.1970 by merging four villages, namely Pimpri, Chinchwad, Bhosari and Akurdi. 1972: The Pimpri Chinchwad New Town Development Authority (PCNTDA) was established in 1972 as per the recommendations of the Pune Metropolitan Regional Planning Board. The main objective was to create a planned environment for the working population in the vicinity of their work place. 1975: Status of Municipal Council was changed from C Class to A Class from 7 th January 1975. 1982: A Municipal Corporation was formed by merging seven surrounding villages in the Municipal Council, namely Sangvi, Rahatani, Thergaon, Wakad (part), Pimple Nilakh, Pimple Gurav, Pimple Saudagar and the PCNTDA area. A total area of 86 sq. km. came under PCMC s jurisdiction vide notification dated 05.10.1982. 1997: The area under the Municipal Corporation was further increased through the addition of 18 new villages in part or full, constituting an extended area of 84.51 sq.km. Thus, the total area under the jurisdiction of PCMC measured 170.51 sq.km. These villages are located on the periphery of the erstwhile PCMC area. The villages Talwade, Chikhali, Moshi, and Dudulgaon along the Dehu-Alandi road, and Choviswadi and Wadmukhwadi along the Dighi-Alandi road are located north of the erstwhile PCMC, bounded by the Indrayani River. Charholi BK, Dighi, and Bopkhel along the Pune-Alandi road lie towards the east, bordered by the area under the Ministry of Defence. Towards the south are Dapodi, Sangavi (Aundh Chest Hospital), Bhosari, and Pimple Nilakh (Rakshak Co-operative Housing Society Private Ltd. and Bharat Electronics Ltd. Colony). To the west, the river Pavana bisects the villages Mamurdi, Kiwale, and Ravet from the villages Punawale and Wakad that lie along the westerly Mumbai-Bangalore 62
bypass highway. The present PCMC area is situated to the northwest of Pune on the Mumbai-Pune National Highway NH4. The Mumbai-Pune rail link also traverses through the corporation area dividing it into two halves. 2008: The area under the Municipal Corporation was further increased through the addition of Tathawade new villages. Thus, the total area under the jurisdiction of PCMC measured 176.41 sq.km. 4.4 Landuse change Land use beginning from 1986 and subsequent distribution provides the physical situation within which land use change occurred. As per the town development plan the total land in the study area is 170.51sq.km. Among them 32.42sq.km, 0.59sq.km., 12.33sq.km, 3.89sq.km, 1.66sq.km. and 0.81sq.km. or 32% were developed in 1986, used for residential, commercial, industrial, transportation public.(table 4.1) TABLE NO. 4.1: LAND USE DISTRIBUTION AS PER DEVELOPMENT PLAN Area in Sq. Km. 1986 DP Newly Merged Area in Land use Total areas % Residential 10.16 22.26 32.42 19.01 Commercial 0.40 0.19 0.59 0.35 Industrial 10.85 1.48 12.33 7.23 Public and Semi Public 0.84 0.82 1.66 0.97 Public Utilities 0.42 0.39 0.81 0.48 Transport 4.26 2.38 6.64 3.89 Reserved, Forest & Agri. 26.27 33.27 59.54 34.92 Water Bodies 1.89 0.95 2.84 1.67 Quarry 0.22 2.46 2.68 1.57 Recreational/Open Spaces 0.69 0.01 0.70 0.41 Barren/Vacant Lands 30.01 20.29 50.30 29.50 Total 86.01 84.50 170.51 100 Source: Town Planning Department, Pune 63
FIG. NO. 4.1: PCMC LAND USE DISTRIBUTION PCMC Landuse distribution Residential 30% 0% 2% 2% 35% 19% 0% 7% 1% 0% 4% Commercial Industrial Public and Semi Public Public Utilities Transport Reserved, Forest & Agri. Water Bodies Quarry 32% of the geographical area of PCMC is built-up area. This includes the residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, public, semi public and public utility. 35% of the area is under Reserved, Forest and agriculture.29.50% of the area is under the barren or vacant lands. 4.5 Land use in 2001 While studying land use in the region under study, mainly five categories were taken into consideration viz- built up land, agricultural land, vegetation, waste land and water bodies. The Table No. 4.2 shows areas covered under each category and its percentage in the total area as in 2001 as appended below In 2001, the land-use for PCMC as a whole was predominantly urban area. There were rich and growing urban areas. 64
TABLE NO. 4.2: LAND USE IN 2001 Category Area (in sq. km.) Area (in %) Urban or Built- up 59.82 34.08 Agricultural Land 39.63 23.24 Vegetation 30.90 18.12 Waste Land 36.72 21.54 Water Bodies 3.44 2.02 Total 170.51 100 FIG. NO. 4.2: GENERAL LAND USE/LAND COVER IN 2001 4.5.1 Built Up Areas of human habitation developed due to non-agricultural use and that which has a cover of buildings, transport and communication, utilities in association with water, 65
vegetation and vacant lands are classified as built up. All manmade constructions covering the land surface are included under this category. Their shape and high reflectivity differentiate them from other classes. Enhancement techniques and band combination helps in segregation of different parcels. This appears in greenish blue tint in the imagery. Pimpri- Chinchwad being an urban area, built up area is an important category. It includes residential, industrial, commercial, and road network and utility services. It covers 59.82 sq. km. which is 35.08% of the total area under consideration. It is observed that built up area category covers the maximum area (Ref table -). Most of the built up area is seen in the central portion, which has various industries. NH-4 passes through this area. Besides there is a large scale residential area. In view of the transportation facilities, industries and recent merging of eighteen villages in the region, the built up area has increased. 4.5.2 Agricultural Land Agricultural lands are generally used for production of food crops and other crops. As seen from table No. 4.2, 39.63 sq.km. i.e. 23.24% of the total area is agricultural land. Area wise it is next to the built up area. The reason being the presence of rivers Indrayani, Mula, Pavana with a large area on the banks of rivers is under cultivation. River Indrayani flows along the northern boundary of the area hence there is more agricultural area. It mainly includes Chikhali, Kudalewadi, Jadhavwadi, northern part of Moshi, Charholi, Kotwalwadi etc. On the Western side, along river Pavana, Pimple saudagar, Wakad, Rahatni, Thergaon and Walhekarwadi have agricultural land. 4.5.3 Vegetation These are areas where natural vegetation is dominated by grasses or grass-like plants and non grass-like herbs. It mainly includes trees along roadsides, trees in the industrial premises, trees and shrubs on the banks of rivers Indrayani, Mula, and Pavana and the trees grown in the open areas. Vegetation can be observed in the central area as well as in the northern part of the region. Such grassland is found in some parts of the 66
North and South West of the study area. The area included in this category of land-use is 30.90 sq. km. it minces 18.12% of the total area. 4.5.4 Waste Land This category consists of barren land, fallow land, and quarries. It covers 36.72 sq.km. i.e. 21.54 % of the total land under consideration in the region. Fig. No. 4.2 shows the proportion of waste land in the east is more. There is waste land in the south of Charholi. Further some parts of west and north have waste land. It includes some part of east of Walhekarwadi and northern part of Chikhali. 4.5.5 Water Bodies This class comprises surface waters either impounds in the form of ponds, lakes and reservoirs or flowing as rivers, streams, canals etc. A stream is a natural course of water flowing on the land surface along a definite channel. It may be seasonal or perennial. An area of 3.44 sq.km. i.e. 2.02% of the total area is covered by water bodies. It consists of rivers Indrayani, Mula, Pavana, so also Sumant Sarovar(lake), bird Valley Lake, Shahu Maharaj Talav(tank) Goan lake and water contained in the quarries. The area covered under water bodies is the least of all. The urban land use in the Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation area for the year 2001, which has maximum built up area (35.08%) followed by agricultural land (23.24%), waste land(21.54%), vegetation (18.12%) and water bodies (2.02%). 4.6 Land use in 2009 Table No. 4.3 depicts land use in the year 2009. The total area of PCMC in 2001 was 171.59 sq.km. In 2009, after the inclusion of Tathawade in PCMC the total area has become 176.51 sq.km. The land use in 2009 is as follows 67
TABLE NO. 4.3: LAND USE IN 2009 Category Area (in sq. km.) Area (in %) Urban or Built- up 80.55 45.66 Agricultural Land Vegetation Waste Land Water Bodies Total 30.67 17.39 29.55 16.74 32.76 18.57 2.88 1.63 176.41 100.00 FIG. NO. 4.3: GENERAL LAND USE/LAND COVER IN 2009 68
4.6.1 Built Up As per the statistics of land use in 2009, it is observed that 45.66% of the total area i.e. 80.55 sq.km. covers the built up area. This consists of Sangvi, Kasarwadi, Phugewadi, Pimpri-Chichwad, Gandhinagar, Akurdi i.e. the area astride the railway track. Besides, Nigadi, Maluskar colony, Dighi, Bhosri, Bopkhel, Wakad, areas have more built up area. 4.6.2 Agricultural Land Table No. 4.3 shows that 17.39% of the total area i.e. 30.67 sq km. is agricultural land. River Indrayani flows along the northern boundary of the area hence there is more agricultural area. It mainly includes Chikhali, Kudalewadi, Jadhavwadi, northern part of Moshi, Charholi, Kotwalwadi etc. On the Western side, along river Pavana, Pimple saudagar, Wakad, Rahatni, Thergaon and Walhekarwadi have agricultural land. 4.6.3 Vegetation 29.55 sq.km. i.e. 16.74 % of the total area is covered by vegetation. Vegetation can be observed in the central area as well as in the northern part of the region. Such grassland is found in some parts of the North and South West of the study area. 4.6.4 Waste Land 32.76 sq.km. area i.e. 18.57 % of the total area is waste land. This land is more than agricultural land and area under vegetation. Most of the waste land observed in the south of Charholi. Further some parts of west and north have waste land. It includes some part of east of Walhekarwadi and northern part of Chikhali. 4.6.5 Water Bodies 2.88 sq.km. i.e. 1.63 % of the total area consists of water bodies. Rivers Indrayani, Mula, Pavana, so also Sumant Sarovar(lake), bird Valley Lake, Shahu Maharaj Talav(tank) Goan lake and water contained in the quarries. The area covered under water bodies is the least of all. 69
4.7 Land use in 2011 The study of urban land use in 2011 shows that maximum area has come under built up area (Table No.4.4 and Fig No.4.4). This indicates development in the area under consideration. TABLE NO. 4.4: LAND USE IN 2011 Category Area (in sq. km.) Area (in %) Urban or Built- up 91.42 51.82 Agricultural Land Vegetation Waste Land Water Bodies Total 28.12 15.94 27.78 15.75 25.92 14.49 3.18 1.80 176.41 100 FIG. NO. 4.4: GENERAL LAND USE/LAND COVER IN 2011 70
4.7.1 Built Up 91.42 sq.km. area i.e. 51.82% of the total area is built up. PCMC being an urban region, it has more built up area. The central part of the region under study has more built up area; due to the presence of industries like Tata Motors, Premier, Finolex, Bajaj, Alfa Laval, Thermax, Hindustan Antibiotics etc. The area adjoining these industries also has increased built up area.in addition to these due to hospitals, educational institutes, schools, colleges, malls, markets and roads have increased the built up area. (Fig No.4.4) Pimpri-Chinchwad, Bhosari, Nigadi, Wakad, being prime locations there is more built up area. 4.7.2 Agricultural Land Agricultural land is observed mostly towards east, south-west, north-west, north and north-eastern region (Fig No. 4.4). Barring southern part and central portion of PCMC area, the agricultural land can be found on its outer region. Out of the total area, 15.94% is occupied by agriculture. 4.7.3 Vegetation It mainly consists of natural vegetation and trees and gardens in the premises of industrial area. A large area in the south of Tata Motors is thickly covered by vegetation. Area around river Mula, snake park, Sambhaji Nagar, Ajanta Nagar, northern part Chikhali also has patches of vegetation. Accordingly, in 2011 figures 27.78sq. km i.e. 15.75% of total area is covered with vegetation. 4.7.4 Waste Land Out Of the total land under consideration, 25.91 sq.km. area i.e.14.49 % of area is waste land. It lies mainly towards east of area under study, in parts of Moshi, areas adjacent to Chikhali, Tathawade and Kiwale. 71
4.7.5 Water Bodies Out of the total land use1.80 % area i.e. 3.18 sq.km. is covered by water bodies. It is revealed from the land use data of 2011 that the proportion of the built up land to the total land is maximum, whereas agricultural land, vegetation, waste land and water bodies comparatively cover very less land. 4.8 Conclusion In the present chapter the land use pattern of 2001, 2009, and 2011 has been presented. During 2001, the maximum area is observed to be covered by built up area, followed by agricultural land and waste land, which are 34.88%, 23.11% and 18.01% respectively. In the year 2009 there is an increase in the built up area which is 45.63% and the areas of agricultural land and waste land have been diminished, which are 17.38% and 16.31% respectively. Thus the maximum area is occupied by built up area only. Even in year 2011 there is an increase in the built up area to 51.82 %. The constant increase in the built up area in PCMC area indicates speed of urbanization. Ward A has maximum increase in built-up area whereas ward C has minimum increase built-up area. The increase in industrialization and urbanization has affected land use, in years 2001, 2009 and 2011. 72