Near real-time monitoring of SO 2 and volcanic ash with IASI/Metop C. Clerbaux 1,2, L. Clarisse 2, M. George 1, J. Hadji-Lazaro 1, D. Hurtmans 2, P.-F. Coheur 2 1) LATMOS, Université Paris 6, CNRS/IPSL, Paris, France 2) Service de Chimie Quantique et de Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
1/ Meteorology 2/ Climate/Atmospheric chemistry 3/ Operational applications Aims of the IASI mission
Detection of volcanic plumes 2 7 0 2 6 0 2 5 0 Ash Particles: Ash and ice 2 4 0 and H 2 SO 4 2 3 0 7 0 0 8 0 0 9 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 3 0 0 W a v e n u m b e r ( c m -1 )
SO 2 retrieval from IASI spectra Assume an atmosphere with a SO 2 cloud present at a given altitude; Selected channels and look-up table; The accuracy depends knowledge of the plume altitude >> About 4 orders of magnitude 0.5 DU to 5000 DU 3% uncertainty for 0.5 100DU 6% for 100 5000DU for assumed altitudes above 500 hpa Clarisse et al, AMT, 2012
SO 2 IASI flag alert Operational alert systems: Identification and tracking of volcanic plumes http://cpm-ws4.ulb.ac.be/alerts/ Provides alerts from BT differences in SO2-3 on BUFR basis (also e-mail system) Useful for eruptions with emissions above the boundary layer Sarythchev eruption from June 2009 Location > 47.497580 154.717250 Value > 27.426624 K #Points > 86 File > iasi_20090613_105953_metopa_13749_eps_o.l1_bufr Link: > http://cpmws4.ulb.ac.be/alerts/index.php?newyear=2009&newmonth=06&sel_day=13&alert List=SO2_iasi_20090613_105953_metopa_13749_eps_o.png Implemented at Toulouse + London VAACs Since beginning 2008, not a single false alert
Grimsvotn Eyjafjallajokull 4 years timeseries of IASI SO 2 Redoubt Okmok Kasatochi Popocatepetl Sangay Souffriere Hills Etna Nabro Dalafilla Nyamuragira Merapi Kirishima Kliuchevskoi Shiveluch Koryaksky Kizimen Chaiten Llaima Puyuhue Courtesy L.Clarisse
Du SO 2 aux cendres
January February March April May July August September October November December June
Ashes retrieval from IASI spectra Correlation method: using a fixed database of example spectra Clarisse et al, GRL, 2010
Grimsvötn May 22 2011 May 23 2011 SO 2 ASH Clerbaux et al., 2011
Grimsvotn > 0.5Tg Puyehue > 0.3Tg Nabro > 1.5Tg Basalt ash Rhyolitic ash Ice particles
15 60 20 70 Day Day 30 40 0 90 5 10 80 50
http://sacs.aeronomie.be/
C.Clerbaux, P.-F. Coheur, L. Clarisse, J. Hadji-Lazaro, D. Hurtmans, S. Turquety, K. Bowman, H. Worden, and S. A. Carn, Measurements of SO2 profiles in volcanic plumes from the NASA Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L22807, doi:10.1029/2008gl035566, 2008. L. Clarisse, P.-F. Coheur, A.J. Prata, D. Hurtmans, A. Razavi, T. Phulpin, J. Hadji-Lazaro, and C. Clerbaux, Tracking and quantifying volcanic SO2 with IASI, the September 2007 eruption at Jebel at Tair, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 7723-7734, 2008. M. Rix, P. Valks, N. Hao, D. Loyola, W. Zimmer, S. Emmadi, T. Erbertseder, J. van Geffen, L. Clarisse, C. Clerbaux, and P.- F. Coheur, Satellite monitoring of volcanic sulfur dioxide emissions for early warning of volcanic hazards, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing (JSTARS), 2(3), 196-206, 10.1109/JSTARS.2009.2031120, 2009. F. Karagulian, L. Clarisse, C. Clerbaux, A. J. Prata, D. Hurtmans, and P. F. Coheur, Detection of volcanic SO2, ash, and H2SO4 using the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00L02, doi:10.1029/2009jd012786, 2010. R. Campion, G. Giovanni Salerno, P.-F. Coheur, D. Hurtmans, L. Clarisse, K. Kazahaya, M. Burton, T. Caltabiano, C. Clerbaux, A. Bernard, Measuring volcanic degassing of SO2 in the lower troposphere with ASTER band ratios, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 194, 1-3, 42-54, doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.04.010., 2010. L. Clarisse, F. Prata, J. Lacour, D. Hurtmans, C. Clerbaux, and P. F. Coheur, A correlation method for volcanic ash detection using hyperspectral infrared measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L19806, doi:10.1029/2010gl044828, 2010. J. M. Haywood,, A. Jones, L. Clarisse, A. Bourassa, J. Barnes, P. Telford, N. Bellouin, O. Boucher, P. Agnew, C. Clerbaux, P. Coheur, D. Degenstein, and P. Braesicke, Observations of the eruption of the Sarychev volcano and simulations using the HadGEM2 climate model, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D21212, doi:10.1029/2010jd014447, 2010. L. Clarisse, P.-F. Coheur, S. Chefdeville, J.-L. Lacour, D. Hurtmans, and C. Clerbaux, Infrared satellite observations of hydrogen sulfide in the volcanic plume of the August 2008 Kasatochi eruption, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L10804, doi:10.1029/2011gl047402, 2011. C. Clerbaux, George M., Hadji-Lazaro J., Clarisse L., Hurtmans D. et Coheur P., Mesure du SO2 et des cendres volcaniques avec IASI, La Météorologie, 74, août 2011, 2011. L. Clarisse, Hurtmans, D., Clerbaux, C., Hadji-Lazaro, J., Ngadi, Y., and Coheur, P.-F.: Retrieval of sulphur dioxide from the infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI), Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 581-594, doi:10.5194/amt-5-581-2012, 2012.