Introduction & Overview - PDF Free Download

Introduction & Overview Niels Tuning Beach Physics group Courtesy pictures Patrick Koppenburg www.koppenburg.org

Outline 1) The group 2) Highlights from LHCb New physics in loops? B K μ + μ First CP violation in B s system B s K + π 3) Highlights from the group Rarest decay B s μ + μ CP violation in B s system B s J/Ψφ DØ Anomaly? B (s) D (s)- + X Unitarity angle γ B s D s- K + Exotics X Y 4) LHCb upgrade Siim Roel Niels Maurizio Eddy 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (2/37)

The LHCb Detector 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (3/37)

The LHCb Detector 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (4/37)

The LHCb Detector 23 sep 21 19:49:24 Run 79646 Event 143858637 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (5/37)

The LHCb Detector Forward arm spectrometer 2<η<5 σ(pp X) inel 6 mb σ(pp cc) incl 6 mb σ(pp bb) incl.3 mb 1 trillion B s (TeraB?) Produce 3x1 11 B s per fb -1 NB: ɛ ~1% 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (6/37)

Beach Physics Group 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (7/37)

Happy Management 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (8/37)

Coordinators in LHCb WG B2CC conv subwg conv WG jet conv OT PL PC EB Trigger PL WG semil conv Tracking coord 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (9/37)

LHCb Upgrade 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (1/37)

Career moves in 213 MSc. Jacco de Vries Fellow Victor Coco MSc. Suzanne Klaver Dr Serena Oggero 2 PhD theses: Alexandr Kozlinskiy Serena Oggero 3 master theses: Jesse Mesman Jacco de Vries Suzanne Klaver 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (11/37) Dr Alexandr Kozlinskiy

New MSc: Lennaert Bel PhD: Jacco de Vries Jeroen van Tilburg Hella Snoek 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (12/37)

Groningen + 3 Master students 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (13/37)

213: a fruitful year! 76 papers in 213 papers confs 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (14/37)

213: a fruitful year! Catching up: ATLAS,CMS LHCb 21 211 212 213 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (15/37)

213: a fruitful year! This is what LHCb was built for! New Physics in loops? B K μ + μ First CP violation in B s system B s K + π Rarest decays B s μ + μ Time dependent CP violation in B s B s J/Ψφ Anomaly? B (s) D (s)- + X Unitarity angle γ and Δm s B Dh +, B s D s- + Exotics X Y Monumental Papers in 213: 1) Measurement of form-factor independent observables in the decay B K μ + μ arxiv:138.177 2) First observation of CP violation in the decays of B s mesons arxiv:134.6173 3) Measurement of the B s μ + μ branching fraction and search for B μ + μ decays at the LHCb experiment arxiv:137.524 4) Measurement of CP violation and the B s meson decay width difference with B s J/ψK + K and B s J/ψπ + π decays arxiv:134.26 5) Precision measurement of the B s - B soscillation frequency with the decay B s D sπ + arxiv:134.4741 6) Measurement of the CKM angle γ from a combination of B Dh analyses arxiv:135.25 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (17/37)

B to what? [bi tu dʒe saj paj ke] That s the strength of LHCb: many decays, many loops, many observables, many searches b s b s 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (19/37)

Flavour physics: Corner stone of Standard Model Yukawa couplings (Higgs fermions) Change quark basis Diagonal Yukawa matrix Y 11 12 13 L Yukawa Yij i j Y21 Y22 Y23 QL, i qr, j Y 31 Y Y 32 Y Y 33 m d m s m b W prof. J. Ellis W b' 1 t' b V tb, V cb, V ub t, c, u Flavour diagonal charge currents Flavour changing charge currents 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (2/37)

Highlights This is what LHCb was built for! New Physics in loops? B K μ + μ First CP violation in B s system B s K + π Rarest decays B s μ + μ Time dependent CP violation in B s B s J/Ψφ Anomaly? B (s) D (s)- + X Unitarity angle γ B s D s- K + Exotics X Y d d B K * b s μ μ A prime example of new physics? Modified C 9? Hint of Z? HQET 3.7σ 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (21/37)

Highlights This is what LHCb was built for! New Physics in loops? B K μ + μ First CP violation in B s system B s K + π Rarest decays B s μ + μ Time dependent CP violation in B s B s J/Ψφ Anomaly? B (s) D (s)- + X (Unitarity angle γ), Δm s B s D s- + Exotics X Y Historical? History: 1964: Discovery of CPV with K (Prize 198) 21: Discovery of CPV with B (Prize 28) 213: Discovery of CPV with B s B s K + π B s K π + 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (22/37)

Highlights This is what LHCb was built for! New Physics in loops? B K μ + μ First CP violation in B s system B s K + π Rarest decays B s μ + μ Time dependent CP violation in B s B s J/Ψφ Anomaly? B (s) D (s)- + X Unitarity angle γ B s D s- K + Exotics X Y See Siim s Tolk! b s μ μ 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (24/37)

Highlights This is what LHCb was built for! New Physics in loops? B K μ + μ First CP violation in B s system B s K + π Rarest decays B s μ + μ Time dependent CP violation in B s B s J/Ψφ Anomaly? B (s) D (s)- + X (Unitarity angle γ), Δm s B s D s- + Exotics X Y See Roel s Tolk! b s s b Gerhard 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (26/37)

Highlights This is what LHCb was built for! New Physics in loops? B K μ + μ First CP violation in B s system B s K + π Rarest decays B s μ + μ Time dependent CP violation in B s B s J/Ψφ Anomaly? B (s) D (s)- + X Unitarity angle γ B s D s- K + Exotics X Y Two anomalies? b s s b A sl ΔA CP DØ: P(B s B s ) P(B s B s )? LHCb: N(D )/N(D ) N(D KK)/N(D KK)? 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (27/37)

Tagging, resolution Highlights This is what LHCb was built for! New Physics in loops? B K μ + μ First CP violation in B s system B s K + π Rarest decays B s μ + μ Time dependent CP violation in B s B s J/Ψφ Anomaly? B (s) D (s)- + X b s s b (Unitarity angle γ), Δm s B s D s- + Exotics X Y Ideal The text-book plot: P(B s B s )(t) Acceptance 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (28/37)

Highlights This is what LHCb was built for! New Physics in loops? B K μ + μ First CP violation in B s system B s K + π Rarest decays B s μ + μ Time dependent CP violation in B s B s J/Ψφ Anomaly? B (s) D (s)- + X Unitarity angle γ B s D s- K + b e i W u/c Exotics X Y Least known parameter in unitarity triangle: 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (3/37)

Determination of with B s D s- K + Γ(B s D s- K + )= A 1 +A 2 e i + 2 Relative phase: b e i W u/c γ 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (31/37)

Determination of with B s D s- K + 1) Signal & Backgrounds Time fit 2) Acceptance m 3) Decay time resolution t 4) Flavour Tagging Δt o Expect with ~ 28 precision o Improve with 212 data o LHCb average now: 67 12 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (32/37)

Determination of 1) Backgrounds (from mass fit) Time fit 2) Acceptance vs decay time Zoom 3) Decay time resolution 4) Flavour Tagging 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (33/37)

Determination of Time fit 2) Acceptance vs decay time S Im C γ D Re 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (34/37)

Side products of b Dh analyses 1) Measurement of BR(B s D s- K + ), BR(B s D s- + ) Too small with 1 fb -1? (see De Bruyn, Fleischer et al, arxiv:128.6463) 2) Measurement of f s /f d with B s D s- + Largest systematic unc. for B s μ + μ (see Fleischer, Serra et al, arxiv:14.3982) 3) Measurement of BR(B c + B s + ) First weak B-to-B decay, largest weak BR(B), source of B s mesons? 4) Measurement of f b /f d and BR( b c- + ) Reference BR for b physics, PDG on b is empty: 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (35/37)

Highlights This is what LHCb was built for! New Physics in loops? B K μ + μ First CP violation in B s system B s K + π Rarest decays B s μ + μ Time dependent CP violation in B s B s J/Ψφ Anomaly? B (s) D (s)- + X Unitarity angle γ B s D s- K + Exotics X Y LHCb is the forward GPD detector See Maurizio s Tolk 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (36/37)

Conclusions 1) 213 fruitful year for LHCb and our group 2) Highlights from LHCb New physics in loops? B K μ + μ Z? First CP violation in B s system B s K + π historical 3) Highlights from the group Rarest decay B s μ + μ BR CP violation in B s system B s J/Ψφ φ s Siim Roel DØ Anomaly? B (s) D (s)- + X A sl Unitarity angle γ B s D s- K + γ Exotics X Y NP? Maurizio 4) All results statistics limited, upgrade will improve Eddy 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (37/37)

Backup 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (38/37)

Determination of 1) Measurement of the CKM angle γ from a combination of B Dh analyses arxiv:135.25 Improved constraints on γ from B ± DK ± decays including first results on 212 data LHCb-CONF-213-6 Relative weak phase of two amplitudes in B ± DK ± decays: Combine 4 measurements (with CLEO input) to determine B ± D(K S + - )K ± (2 fb -1, GGSZ ) LHCb-CONF-213-4 B ± D(K S + - )K ± (1 fb -1, GGSZ ) LHCb, PL B718 (212) 43 B ± D(h + h - )K ± (1 fb -1, ADS & GLW ) LHCb, PL B712 (212) 23 B ± D( + K - + - )K ± (1 fb -1, ADS ) LHCb, PL B723 (213) 44 Comparison 1 Belle 68 BaBar 69 +15-14 +17-16 LHCb 67 12 With all data analyzed, foresee a precision of ~7 o 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (39/37)

Determination of 1) Measurement of the CKM angle γ from a combination of B Dh analyses arxiv:135.25 Relative weak phase of two amplitudes in B ± DK ± decays: What can happen when two amplitudes contribute to a decay: B + V cb * + V ub* Complex plane: - B - V cb + V ub + 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (4/37)

Determination of 1) Measurement of the CKM angle γ from a combination of B Dh analyses arxiv:135.25 Model-independent measurement of CP violation parameters in B ± (K Sh + h ) D K ± decays LHCb-CONF-213-4 Relative weak phase of two amplitudes in B ± DK ± decays: Compare B - D(K S + - )K - with B + D(K S + - )K + (K S decaying after VELO) B + - B - + How can a complex number affect the total amplitude? 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (41/37)

12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (42/37)

Electroweak penguins (B K μ + μ and friends) 2) Differential branching fraction and angular analysis of the decay B K μ + μ arxiv:134.6325 Many EW penguin decays studied: Differential branching fraction and angular analysis of the decay B s ϕμ + μ arxiv:135.2168 Search for D + (s) π + μ + μ and D + (s) π μ + μ + decays arxiv:134.6365 Measurement of the B K e + e branching fraction at low dilepton mass arxiv:134.335 Very rich laboratory! b/c l d/s s/u Many decays & observables New particles affect couplings Modify SM couplings, like C 7, C 9, C 1 l Add righthanded couplings, like C 7, C 9, C 1 Add other couplings, like C ( ) S, C ( ) P Large variety of possible modifications to observations! 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (43/37)

Electroweak penguins: B K μ + μ 2) Differential branching fraction and angular analysis of the decay B K μ + μ arxiv:134.6325 d b s μ μ 1 fb -1 Accurate measurement of d /dq 2 In agreement with SM 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (44/37)

Electroweak penguins: B K μ + μ 2) Differential branching fraction and angular analysis of the decay B K μ + μ arxiv:134.6325 d b s μ μ In agreement with B-factories, CDF, ATLAS and CMS 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (45/37)

LHCb: forward GPD Measurement of the cross-section for Z μμ production with 1 fb 1 of pp collisions at s=7 TeV LHCb-CONF-213-7 Graphical comparison of the LHCb measurements of W and Z boson production with ATLAS and CMS LHCb-CONF-213-5 Test the SM Constrain the pdf s Scrutinize lepton universality Z μμ 1 fb -1 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (48/37)

LHCb and heavy ions Study of the J/ψ production cross-section in proton-lead collisions at s NN =5 TeV LHCb-CONF-213-8 Collected 2 nb -1 of pa+ap data Results based on.75 nb -1 pa and.3 nb -1 Ap Unique acceptance coverage pp: 2 < η < 5 pa: 1.5 < η < 4.5 Ap: -5.5 < η < -2.5 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (5/37)

LHCb and heavy ions Study of the J/ψ production cross-section in proton-lead collisions at s NN =5 TeV LHCb-CONF-213-8 Measured J/ψ production 1) Prompt and from-b 2) pa, Ap 3) Nuclear suppression (wrt pp) Cross section vs s Scaled by 1/A In common rapidity range: 2.5< y <4 Nuclear attenuation Agreement with theoretical predictions Precision insufficient to prove saturation 12 Dec 213 Bfys overview Niels Tuning (51/37)