COAL MINING IN ZIMBABWE by MabasaTemba HAWADI, Director, ZIMBABWE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Ministry of Mines and Mining Development 30 March, 2012
CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. OUTLINE OF GEOLOGY 3. COAL RESOURCES 4. COAL EXPLORATION
COUNTRY PROFILE TOTAL AREA LAND SIZE WATER AREA CAPITAL CITY COMMERCIAL LANGUAGE OTHER LANGUAGES CURRENCY CLIMATE POPULATION 390 757 square kilometers 386 670 square kilometers 4 087 square kilometers HARARE English Shona, Ndebele Multi currency system (USD, Rand, Pula, Euro) Subtropical climate. Rain seasonfrom November to March. +12 million
ECONOMY Zimbabwe is well endowed with significant quantities of MINERAL AGRICULTURAL and HUMAN resources. MINING IS A LEADER IN THE ECONOMIC DRIVERS THAT INCLUDE AGRICULTURE AND MANUFACTURING.
OUTLINE OF GEOLOGY INDEX of detailed geological mapping About 60-65% of the country has been mapped in detail. Each block has a 1:100 000 map & a descriptive text called Bulletin or Short Report all available at the Geological Survey Department
OUTLINE OF GEOLOGY
OUTLINE OF GEOLOGY
60% is Archaeanbasement 2.5 3.8 Gaold Granite-gneisses enclosing volcano-sedimentary piles known as greenstone belts Greenstone belts rich in economic minerals OUTLINE OF GEOLOGY ArchaeanCraton
OUTLINE OF GEOLOGY Metamorphic belts surrounding craton the ArchaeanLimpopo Mobile Belt to the south the ProterozoicMagondito the northwest the ProterozoicZambezi Mobile Belt to the north and northeast All rich in economic including metamorphic minerals
the Proterozoic Magondi, Gaireziand Sijarira basins the Permian-Triassic- Jurassic Karoo Supergroup Cretaceous sediments Tertiary to Recent sands of the Kalahari. OUTLINE OF GEOLOGY Sedimentary Basins
COAL RESOURCES Large reserves in Lower Karoo of the mid Zambezi Basin the Save-Limpopo basin. Estimated resources of >12 billion tonnes (20 billion tonnes) (26.65 billion tonnes) The Hwangearea hosts large reserves of both coking and thermal coal. Despite the widespread occurrence, development and production has been around Hwangearea. (Hwange, Makomo & Galpex) There has been limited coal production from the Sengwa, Tuliand Mkwasine coalfields
COAL RESOURCES Known coal areas of Zimbabwe. 1 Sinamatella; 2 Western areas; 3 Hwange Colliery; 4 Entuba5 Dahlia; 6 Hankano; 7 Lubimbi; 8 Sebungu; 9 Lubu; 10 Lusulu; 11 Sessami; 12 Kaonga; 13 Bari; 14 SengwaSouth; 15 Sengwa North; 16 Nebiri; 17 Marowa; 18 Msambansovu; 19 Strange s Coal; 20 SabiValley; 21 Mkwasine; 22 Malilongwe; 23 Bendezi; 24 Chivumburu; 25 Bubye East; 26 Bubye West; 27 Singwezi; 28 Umzingwane; 29 Massabi. (now 34 locations)
COAL EXPLORATION 1. Geological Mapping/ Prospecting Licences/ Special Grants 2. Introduction of Exclusive Prospecting Order (EPO) on 1 st July 1947 to facilitate prospecting over large areas. 1 in 1947. 1661 by October 2004. Some discoveries through EPOs include: Lubimbicoalfield -EPO 13 Tulicoalfield -EPO 19 Bubye coalfield -EPOs 50 & 112 Sengwacoal deposit -EPO 446
CURRENT GRANTED SPECIAL GRANTS and APPLICATIONS COAL EXPLORATION
STAGES FOR 27 COMPANIES Literaturereview,desktopstudiesandreconnaissance Geological mapping and geophysical surveys to delineate drilltargets Phase 1drillingandborehole logging Phase 2(followup/ closerspacedgrid)drilling Geologicalmodeling&Feasibilitystudies Mining&Production
21% 21% 10% 3% 7% Mining & Production Feasibility & Modelling Phase 2 Drilling Phase 1 Drilling Mapping & Surveys Desktop & Reconnaissance 38%
THANK YOU TATENDA SIYABONGA