DEVELOPMENTS IN APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY Volume 7A
DEVELOPMENTS IN APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY Selected papers from the Annual Mid-America Spectroscopy Symposia 1962: Volume 1 - Twelfth Annual Symposium, 1961 Edited by W. D. Ashby 1963: Volume 2 - Thirteenth Annual Symposium, 1962 Edited by 1. Ziomek and J. R. Ferraro 1964: Volume 3 - Fourteenth Annual Symposium, 1963 Edited by J. E. Forrette and E. Lanterman 1965: Volume 4 - Fifteenth Annual,symposium, 1964 Edited by E. N. Davis 1966: Volume 5 - Sixteenth Annual Symposium, 1965 Edited by L. R. Pearson and E. L. Grove 1968: Volume 6 - Eighteenth Annual Symposium, 1967 Edited by W. K. Baer, A. J. Perkins, and E. L. Grove 1969: Volume 7 A} Nineteenth Annual Symposium, with the Volume 7B Seventh National Meeting of the SAS, 1968 Edited by E. L. Grove and A. J. Perkins
A Publication of the Chicago Section of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy DEVELOPMENTS IN APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY Volume7A Illinois Institute of Technology Research Laboratories Chicago, Illinois edited by E. L. Grove Alfred J. Perkins University of Illinois College of Pharmacy Chicago, Illinois Selected papers from the Seventh National Meeting of the Society.for Applied Spectroscopy (Nineteenth Annual Mid America Spectroscopy Symposium) Held in Chicago, Illinois, May 13 17, 1968 g:> PLENUM PRESS NEW YORK-LONDON 1969
ISBN 978-1-4684-8702-2 ISBN 978-1-4684-8700-8 (ebook) DOl 10.1007/978-1-4684-8700-8 Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 61-17720 Plenum Press, New York A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 227 West 17 Street, New York, N. Y. 10011 United Kingdom edition published by Plenum Press, London A Division of Plenum Publishing Company, Ltd. Donington House, 30 Norfolk Street, London W.C. 2, England 1969 Chicago Section of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1969 A II rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission /rom the publisher
Preface Volume 7 of Developments in Applied Spectroscopy is a collection of forty-two papers selected from those that were presented at the 7th National Meeting of the Society of Applied Spectroscopy, held (in place of the 19th Mid-America Symposium on Spectroscopy) in Chicago, May 13-17, 1968. These papers, selected by the editors and reviewed by persons knowledgeable in the field, are those of the symposium type and not those pertaining to specific research topics that one would expect to be submitted to a journal. It is the opinion of the committee that this type of publication has an important place in the literature. The relatively large number of papers would result in quite a sizable volume if bound in one set of covers. For this reason, and to present the material in areas of more specific mterest, Volume 7 was divided into two parts, Part A, Physical-Inorganic, and Part B, Physical-Organic Developments. The 7th National Meeting was sponsored by the Chicago Section as host in cooperation with the St. Louis, New England, Penn York, Niagara-Frontier, Cincinnati, Ohio Valley, New York, Baltimore-Washington, North Texas, Rocky Mountain, and Southeastern Sections of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy and the Chicago Gas Chromatography Group. The editors wish to express their appreciation to the authors and to those who helped with the reviewing. The latter include Dr. Elma Lanterman, Mr. John E. Forrette, Dr. Carl Moore, Dr. B. Jaselskis, Mr. H. G. Zelinski, Mr. D. J. Rokop, Mr. N. R. Stalica, Dr. Charles Reagan, Dr. Morris A. Wahlgren, and Dr. David Edgington. Thanks should also be extended to the exhibitors for their part in the Symposium and the exhibitor seminars. E. L. Grove A. J. Perkins v
Contents X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY Dispersive and Nondispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Methods for the Measurement of the Thicknesses of Films of Cadmium Sulfide and Other II - VI Compounds... 3 Frank L. Chan Applications of X-Ray Topography in the Characterization of Semiconductor Surface Layers......... 31 P. Wang and F. X. Pink High-Energy Electron-Diffraction and X-Ray Emission Analysis of Surfaces and Their Reaction Products 61 P. B. Sewell, D. F. Mitchell, and M. Cohen Surface Analysis with the Electron Probe 80 Gudrun A. Hutchins Experience with a Computer-Coupled X-Ray Spectrometer 97 F. Bernstein Use of Total Reflection at the Critical Angle for Dispersion of Ultrasoft X-Rays...................... 108 Heribert K. Herglotz The Shift in Wavelength with Voltage of Certain X-Ray Lines 121 A. F. Burr and R. J. Liefeld EMISSION, FLAME, AND ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY Spectroscopy Study of Hot Gases Firouz Shahrokhi Analysis of Plant-Ash Solutions by Spark-Emission Spectroscopy J. Benton Jones, Jr., and Myron H. Warner 133 152 vii
viii CONTENTS Routine Industrial Analysis of Stainless Steels Robert L. Chapple and Charles A. Spellman Some Difficult Working Areas in Atomic-Absorption Flame Photometry. Juan Ramfrez-Mufioz A New Look at Calcium Flame Interferences.......... R. E. Popham and W. G. Schrenk Some Experimental Considerations in Atomic Absorption F. I. Grunder and E. A. Boettner An Experimental Device for Atomic-Absorption Spectroscopy J. D. Johnson, G. K. Yamasaki, and J. C. Burger Indirect Atomic-Absorption Spectrometric Methods of Analysis David F. Boltz Atomic-Absorption Spectrophotometry in Mineral and Trace-Element Studies in Man.... Dace Osis, Kathryn Royston, Joseph Samachson, and Herta Spencer 161 169 189 201 215 222 227 MASS SPECTROMETRY Investigation of Solids by Means of an Ion-Bombardment Mass Spectrometer........................... 239 H. W. Werner Application of Mass Spectrometry to Forensic Toxicology. I. Acidic and Neutral Drugs................. 267 Paritosh K. De and Charles J. Umberger Identification and Determination of Oxidation Inhibitors in Synthetic Lube Oils by Ultraviolet and Mass Spectrometry 274 John F. Kinder and James Neel Spectroscopy in Space - An Introduction and Overview 286 R. E. Ruckman A Computer-Controlled System for Automatically Scanning and Interpreting Photographic Spectra... 294 C. A. Bailey, R. D. Carver, R. A. Thomas, and R. J. Dupzyk NUCLEAR PARTICLE SPECTROSCOPY Nuclear Applications of Liquid Scintillation Systems Donald L. Horrocks 303
CONTENTS ix INSTRUMENTAL PARAMETERS A Comparison of the Function of the Slit in Light-Absorption Studies Using Tungsten and Laser Sources... 329 Martin J. Houle, Marvin O. Fretwell, and William J. Romig Index..................... 339