CRI 034 Tunka Radio Extension: Overview and Recent Results Frank G. Schröder for the Tunka-Rex Collaboration Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany KIT The Research University in the Helmholtz Association www.kit.edu
Tunka-Rex Collaboration P.A. Bezyazeekov a, N.M. Budnev a, D. Chernykh a,o. Fedorov a, O.A. Gress a, A. Haungs b, R. Hiller b,e, T. Huege b, Y. Kazarina a, M. Kleifges c, E.E. Korosteleva d, D. Kostunin b, O. Krömer c, L.A. Kuzmichev d, V. Lenok b, N. Lubsandorzhiev d, T. Marshalkina a, R.R. Mirgazov a, R. Monkhoev a, E.A. Osipova d, A. Pakhorukov a, L. Pankov a, V.V. Prosin d, F.G. Schröder b, A. Zagorodnikov a - Tunka-Rex Collaboration a Institute of Applied Physics ISU, Irkutsk, Russia b Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany c Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, KIT, Germany d Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics MSU, Moscow, Russia e now at University of Zurich, Switzerland 2 15 July 2017 Tunka-Rex: Overview and Recent Results
Tunka-Rex Journal papers Measurement of cosmic-ray air showers with the Tunka Radio Extension (Tunka-Rex) P.A. Bezyazeekov et al. - Tunka-Rex Collaboration, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 802 (2015) 89-96 Reconstruction of air-shower parameters for large-scale radio detectors using the lateral distribution D. Kostunin, et. al (short authorlist), Astropart.Phys. 74 (2016) 79-86 Radio measurements of the energy and depth of maximum of cosmic-ray air showers by Tunka-Rex P.A. Bezyazeekov et al. - Tunka-Rex Collaboration, JCAP 01 (2016) 052 open access A comparison of the cosmic-ray energy scales of Tunka-133 and KASCADE-Grande via their radio extensions Tunka-Rex and LOPES Tunka-Rex + LOPES Collaborations, Phys. Lett. B 763 (2016) 179 open access 3 15 July 2017 Tunka-Rex: Overview and Recent Results
Radio detection of air showers: Geomagnetic emission dominant over Askaryan effect Energy + X max measurements High duty cycle Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 93 (2017) 1 arxiv: 1607.08781 4 15 July 2017 Tunka-Rex: Overview and Recent Results
Location of Tunka-Rex in Siberia PPNP 93 (2017) 1, arxiv: 1607.08781 5 15 July 2017 Tunka-Rex: Overview and Recent Results
TAIGA site: Tunka-133 and Tunka-Grande Entrance to muon detector Scintillation counters Inside surface particle detector See also: CRI 216 CRI 265 Tunka-133: PMTs Scintillation counters Inside underground Muon detector Electronic box Tunka-Grande: scintillators of KASCADE-Grande 6 15 July 2017 Tunka-Rex: Overview and Recent Results
Layout of Tunka-Rex 1 km² / 3 km² inner / outer area 200 / 20 m spacing between / inside clusters Fully analyzed: Oct 2012 Apr 2014 Year Stations Trigger 2012 19 Tunka-133 2013 25 Tunka-133 2014 timing issue 2015 44 Tunka-133 + Grande 2016+ 63 Tunka-133 + Grande 7 15 July 2017 Tunka-Rex: Overview and Recent Results
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Signal chain Using data acquisition of Tunka-133 / Tunka-Grande 30-80 MHz 9 15 July 2017 Tunka-Rex: Overview and Recent Results
Reconstruction of Tunka-Rex event Signal-to-noise ratio SNR > 10 required, corresponding to 5% risk of false-positive detection in a single antenna 3 antennas + direction agreement with Tunka-133 required NIM A 802 (2015) 89 10 15 July 2017 Tunka-Rex: Overview and Recent Results
Best-case example event Correct amplitudes for geomagnetic angle and asymmetry Energy and X max reconstruction tuned against CoREAS Energy: 0.4 EeV Zenith: 48 11 15 July 2017 Tunka-Rex: Overview and Recent Results
Tunka-Rex vs. Tunka-133 Tunka-Rex tuned against CoREAS (QGSJET II.04) Tunka-133 features independent calibration experimental proof of X max sensitivity! energy precision: 15% X max precision: 40 g/cm² JCAP 01 (2016) 052 12 15 July 2017 Tunka-Rex: Overview and Recent Results
Comparing scales via radio Tunka-Rex calibrated by same reference source as LOPES Energy scales compared via CoREAS simulations using Tunka-133 and KASCADE-Grande energies as input PLB 763 (2016) 179 13 15 July 2017 Tunka-Rex: Overview and Recent Results
Result of energy scale comparison PLB 763 (2016) 179 14 15 July 2017 Tunka-Rex: Overview and Recent Results
Conclusion Tunka-Rex Economic radio extension of the TAIGA cosmic-ray detectors Recently upgraded to higher density and day-time trigger Goal: mass-dependent energy spectrum at 10 17-10 18 ev Achieved results Energy precision of 15 % with 20 % scale accuracy X max precision of 40 g/cm² for high-quality events Energy scales of Tunka and KASCADE-Grande compatible to 10% Poster CRI 155 Improving the Precision and Statistics for X max Poster CRI 195 Efficiency, Exposure, and Aperture of Tunka-Rex 15 15 July 2017 Tunka-Rex: Overview and Recent Results
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Amplitude Calibration Same reference source as for LOPES and LOFAR JINST 10 (2015) P11005 17 15 July 2017 Tunka-Rex: Overview and Recent Results
Arrival direction: Tunka-Rex vs. Tunka-133 Quality cut at 5 to exclude false-positive radio events 18 15 July 2017 Tunka-Rex: Overview and Recent Results
Emission mechanisms in air showers geomagnetic effect ~ 90% Askaryan effect ~ 10% 19 15 July 2017 Tunka-Rex: Overview and Recent Results
Events of first season (Oct 2012 Apr 2013) +: 77 events x: 97 events in 450 hours; E > 10 17 ev 20 15 July 2017 Tunka-Rex: Overview and Recent Results
Event statistics + Energy Range JCAP 01 (2016) 052 21 15 July 2017 Tunka-Rex: Overview and Recent Results
Systematic uncertainties in simulations About 10 % due to zenith angle and X max About 10 % difference between p and Fe primaries 22 15 July 2017 Tunka-Rex: Overview and Recent Results
Comparison of energy scales Host experiments Tunka-133 and KASCADE-Grande Energy scales comparable via radio amplitude per energy Small systematic uncertainty due to different observation levels 23 15 July 2017 Tunka-Rex: Overview and Recent Results
Comparison of energy scales Simulations with energy reconstructed by host experiments 24 15 July 2017 Tunka-Rex: Overview and Recent Results