UNIT 3: The Cell DAYSHEET 45: Introduction to Cellular Organelles Name: Biology I Date: Bellringer: Place the words below into the correct space on the Venn Diagram: Cell Alive Homeostasis Plants Animals Fungi Bacteria Loose DNA DNA Nucleus Membrane-Bound Organelles Humans Small Complex Large No Membrane-Bound Organelles Simple EUKARYOTES BOTH PROKARYOTES Directions: Use the Venn Diagram above to answer the following questions: 1. A student is examining a cell under the microscope. The cell is small, has a region of loose DNA, and no membrane-bound organelles. What type of cell is it? A. It must be a prokaryote B. It must be a eukaryote C. It could be either a prokaryote or eukaryote 2. A student is examining a cell under the microscope. The cell has a cell membrane, ribosomes, and DNA that is tightly packed inside of a nucleus. What type of cell is it? A. It must be a prokaryote B. It must be a eukaryote C. It could be either a prokaryote or eukaryote
3. A student is examining a cell under the microscope. The cell has DNA, uses energy, maintains homeostasis, and reproduces. What type of cell is it? A. It must be a prokaryote B. It must be a eukaryote C. It could be either a prokaryote or eukaryote Determine if the following images are prokaryotes or eukaryotes. If it is a prokaryote place a P next to the image. If it is a eukaryote place an E next to the image. Objective: I can identify cellular organelles and discuss their role inside of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Homework: Complete HW#45. Your Unit 3 Assessment is Tuesday, November 26th! Activity 1: StudyStack Silent Study Activity 2: QuizStar Formative Types of Cells Assessment
Activity 3: The Cell Organelles Reading and Graphic Organizer Purpose: To find out about the function of each of the cell organelles Task: As you read, complete the graphic organizer on the opposite. Outcome: Identify the cell organelles and their functions The Cell Organelles Cells are the basic unit of life. We rely on our cells to metabolize food, reproduce, pass on genes, and maintain homeostasis. All cells have organelles (smaller parts) inside that help them carry out these complex tasks. All Cells Share a Basic Structure There are two main types of cells: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. All cells share a basic structure: they are all surrounded by a plasma membrane. The plasma membrane controls what enters and exits the cell. Inside the membrane is the cytoplasm the fluid filling of the cell. All cells have ribosomes tiny, circular structures that synthesize (make) proteins. Lastly, all cells have DNA. The Nucleus In prokaryotes (bacteria), the DNA is loose in the middle of the cell. But all eukaryotic cells (plants, animals, protists, and fungi) have a nucleus in the middle of the cell. The nucleus is an organelle that contains the organisms DNA. Because the DNA has the genetic instructions that control all the cell s activities, the nucleus is often called the brain of the cell. Chloroplasts and Mitochondria The chloroplast and mitochondria are organelles that help the cell get energy. Chloroplasts are only found in plant cells. Chloroplasts have a special chemical inside them chloroplyll that makes them green and allows them to make food using energy from sunlight. Mitochondria are found in all eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria convert food into energy for the cell. The Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Body, Vacuoles, and Lysosomes In order for molecules to move around the eukaryotic cell, they travel through the endoplasmic reticulum(er). The rough endoplasmic reticulum has lots of ribosomes attached to it, so a lot of proteins are made in and travel through the rough ER. The smooth ER is not covered with ribosomes. This is where a lot of lipids are made. The Golgi Body packages molecules for transport (movement) outside the eukaryotic cell. Once it has been packaged at the Golgi Body, a molecule can leave the cell through the cell membrane. When the eukaryotic cell needs to store stuff, like water or food, it uses vacuoles. In plant cells, there is usually one big vacuole. In animal cells, there are usually lots of smaller vacuoles. Sometimes these storage organelles also help move stuff around the cell and are called vesicles. The lysosomes help the cell breakdown waste, like old molecules and cell parts. Only animal cells have lysosomes. The Cell Wall Both prokaryotes and plant cells have a cell wall outside of their plasma membrane. The cell wall gives the cell extra support and protection, and helps the cell maintain its shape.
Cell Organelles Graphic Organizer Cell Organelle Structure Function Prokaryotes? Plants? Animals? Plasma / Cell Membrane Controls what enters and exits the cell Cytoplasm Ribosome Nucleus Chloroplast Mitochondrion Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Golgi Body/ Apparatus Vacuole Lysosome Cell Wall
Activity 4: Cell Labeling Directions: Use the word banks, your graphic organizer and the images on www.biomonsters to help you correctly label the cells below. Once you have finished labeling your cell, call you teacher over for a signature. Prokaryotic (Bacterial) Cell WORD BANK: DNA Plasma Membrane Cell Wall Ribosomes Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Animal Cell WORD BANK: Plasma Membrane Nucleus Mitochondrion Lysosome Cytoplasm Rough ER Smooth ER Ribosomes Golgi Body
Eukaryotic Plant Cell WORD BANK: Plasma Membrane Nucleus Mitochondrion Chloroplast Cytoplasm Rough ER Cell Wall Smooth ER Vacuole Ribosomes Golgi Body
Activity 5: Practice Quiz Directions: Use your graphic organizer and diagrams to answer the questions. 1. A student is looking at a cell through a microscope and trying to decide whether the cell is a prokaryote or a eukaryote. What are some structures that would be present in a eukaryote, but not a prokaryote? 2. A student is looking at a cell through a microscope and trying to decide whether a cell is from an animal or a plant. What are some structures that would be absent in an animal cell, but present in a plant cell? 3. A student is looking at a cell in a microscope and is able to observe the following structures: a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes. What type of cell is it? A. It could be any type of cell B. It is definitely a prokaryote C. It is definitely a eukaryote 4. A student is looking at a cell in a microscope and is able to observe the following structures: a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and a nucleus. What type of cell is it? A. It could be any type of cell B. It is definitely a prokaryote C. It is definitely a eukaryote 5. A student is looking at a cell in a microscope and is able to observe the following structures: a cell wall, a large central vacuole, and a nucleus. What type of cell is it? A. It is definitely a prokaryote B. It is definitely a plant cell C. It is definitely an animal cell 6. A student is looking at a cell in a microscope and is able to observe the following structures: a cell a cell membrane, ribosomes, and a region of free-floating DNA. What type of cell is it? A. It is definitely a prokaryote B. It is definitely a plant cell C. It is definitely an animal cell 7. A student is looking at a cell in a microscope and is able to observe the following structures: a cell membrane, ribosomes, a nucleus, a Gogli apparatus, and an rough ER. What type of cell is it? A. It is definitely a prokaryote B. It is definitely a eukaryote, but it could be a plant or an animal cell C. It is definitely an animal cell D. It is definitely a plant cell
HW 45: The Cell Organelles Biology I Name Date Directions: Place the cell parts listed below into the correct spot on Venn Diagram 1 and Venn Diagram 2 (you will need to write each word a total of two times) Nucleus Plasma Membrane Golgi Body Ribosomes Vacuole Mitochondria Chloroplasts Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Cell Wall Venn Diagram 1 Lysosome Cytoplasm DNA Prokaryotic Cell Both Eukaryotic Cell Venn Diagram 2 Plant Cell Both Animal Cell --CONTINUED ON BACK--
CELL NUCLEUS CELL WALL CELL MEMBRANE CELL SHAPE CELL SIZE Cell A No Yes Yes Round Very Small Cell B Yes Yes Yes Squarish Bigger Cell C Yes No Yes Round Bigger 1. Which cell(s) is/are eukaryotic? 2. Which cell(s) is/are probably an animal cell(s)? 3. Which cell(s) is/are probably a plant cell(s)? 4. Which cell(s) is/are prokaryotic? 5. In cell B, where would the genetic information be stored? 6. Which cell(s) would most likely contain chloroplast(s)?