7463 : 1 (25) (2009)!" #$ " %& '"( Gerbera jamesonii! (2) (1) *- & %,+ ) %*.$ 3! %& (! / )" *! */!!$ 0 * 1" * 7,.'"( 5!!!" %/* ")4 * 2005!" %/* 9& %" : + ;(ds/m) /8"** 4 3 2 1.5 0.758 ") = /" 3'/ $ *.'"( + < 5! @+.,+? ) @ '- = 3-! ) A '/ > & * D E$" F ;#$ "! #B? 4 @ * C 5.08) 4dS/m @ * " &!' D, $ :&)!*" - 5 '"( + &.%? (%1.97 H 6.87;$ 1.8 ;%25.58 ;2* 72.13 ;- "/ %? %1.105 %16.35 (!!*"!!) ), D @ I? 4? %11.09 23.13!*"! 9& * ) ) #$" "! ; < 5! @ * " D %& *"( * ) ), :),!*" :-+ 0.%.%? %0.887 1.420 ;2.086 ;2.415 ") 0.758 ds/m. : ) (1). "! (2).# " 63
... # #)* $% & '( *-,+ Influence of magnetized saline irrigating Water on vegetative growth of Gerbera jamesonii Sami K.M. Ameen ( 1) and Ali F. Kassim (2) ABSTRACT The study was conducted in lathhouse of Hort. Dept., College of Agric., University of Baghdad during spring season of 2005 to investigate the ability of using magnetized saline water in irrigating Gerbera plant. Two factors were possibility studied; watering plant with saline water (0.758, 1.5, 2, 3, 4 ds/m), and the other factor was the effect of magnetic technology on saline water used in plants irrigation. Split plot according to RCBD with three replicates was designed; each replicate consisted of two pots. High level of saline in irrigating water decreased quality of vegetative characters. Number of leaves; leaves area; chlorophyll percentage, offshoot and fresh and dry weight of leaves of 4 ds/m level were (5.08; 72.13 cm 2, 25.58%; 1.8; 6.87 g and 1.97 g) respectively. Magnetized saline irrigating water increased leaves content of chlorine (16.35%) comparing with untreated irrigating water. However, leaves content of Ca and Na was decreased (23.13 and 11.09%). The least Cl, Ca, Mg and Na levels in the leaves occurred at 0.758 ds/m level were (2.415, 2.086, 1.42 and 0.887%) respectively, while S% was 1,015% at the same saline level. Key Words: Gerbera jamesonii, Magnetic technology, Saline irrigating water, Vegetative growth. (1) (2) College of Agric.- Horticulture Department- University of Baghdad. College of Agric.- University of Tikrit. 64
7463 : 1 (25) (2009) /. Compositae +",- Gerbera jamesonii # $ 01 23 /0 0 2, & 4. 5" # / $0% 7& 8 1.3 / # ".67 &* 5" $*% $% 5.. 1 " 4. 9 : #. / 2".6 ;,- #?& $ :7 1 $" $ #>=. / 5& & <" #0= 07%.B 2" $% $3 / %65 @7. $03 /0. 6 300 G. / (FAO) C3 D +*&- 0& 0 1& :) @ $!" H>)..! I7 &* 350 @ $% 1 & # I>'%.(2003 $) 13 4,0& I0 3 / $% 1000 # / $% I.(2005 /J /&) 5* D%& $% / $% 3000,- & 9* K. B 2 / $% /- # #'! #0 '3 9 #,-.= + & # G),- 90C 5 9> / 1& 97 L+* /&, 9" G Blake 2000 Hilal Hilal).0 /0 0 7 L H>3.(2000 H>03 9C, 5! G /,- (1995) Takachenko = /0J /0& D0&8 0 C 7 /)",- 9* / 0 3 97 $% I" #' M 2 7 / / (2005) 9*0& P0) - Q= O 5. N- $% (5.81dS/m) & 4 /.4 G 7% %32.8 7 9*& P) /& $% %56.1 7 50,0- R & 4 / (2005) /J 1% (2000) /J Khattab. $%.%15 7 )* 5 9*& & / (@ 6) 9> (9*) #!, $0% 0,0- # & 5 / D&8 %20 15 10 5 0 $. 0& 4 2 /. - /- /O #)* 1 R.9%! & 6 /?& /0. *0 /0 4& /& $% / # R& P),- #0 0% 5 / $% 4 " '( (2006) 65
... # #)* $% & '( *-,+ (5.1dS/m) (6*) 9, (1.1dS/m) 1 2O) - )* 5 01 0 2)?& # 9 $% I" #'! / 6 0 P),- # & / (1999) Grattan Maas.9, P& 5,- G 9% R& / #! #> 0* 90& $0% :O & '( # $% Abscisic acid G3 9C, 9" /,- (2005) Kronenberg =.9%.# / 4. + *" O / H>3 / 1 " # $% & 4 / 5)8,- 4. 61. + *" / 23 R& #)* $% G '( %" J/A' F! /) # - #, 2005/12/1 2005/4/15 / #) 0 20 0.! L0* $% ( & $% # 100..(1)9 $% + +) B)*, &.*! A) A E! (1) : / */ I 2.40 / 0.00 / 97.60 9 %! ") 21.25 # 0.40 " 5 : K*" 2.10 ECe ds/m 7.56 ph 67.10 N 35.00 P L) / L 690.00 K 12.81 Ca++ 10.00 Mg++ 27.00 Na+ 2.60 Cl - /: 4.00 -- SO 4 4.55 - HCO 3 7% #TU& * 66
7463 : 1 (25) (2009) 10* 0& /0 # # #= :$. ds/m / +1 0.758 $+01 90* /0 (.=) @= $7 :93 R (S 1 ) B 1.5 ds/m 9* :$' R S 0 B ds/m (S 2 ) B 2 ds/m 9* :?' R (S 3 ) B 3 ds/m 9* :; R.(S 4 ) B 4 ds/m 9* :Q R. & #, 9*& 6) Q3 9& O& B0 " C & 4 # $7 1% Q $' 9" V0 0 #.M 1 B 1 " 4 G # $7 M 0 4000 B0! 50= M0- (2) 4! (magnetron) / 9> /,0 #0' ;0! 5& 5 1 9> - ' (gauss) QC.1 G ( / R& Q,) & # # #.#>0" @& # 9 C / 9 200 %V (.=0W )& ) + +) #)* P" (2) 9 /.." 9! 4dS/m * #0 Split plot 7= ;7 * (2 5) #) R0& ;!?>' ;! (RCBD) +=" #7 @ 2% #>" :0 90& + ;7 & # #& - /**, & /0 LSD 0" 20% 9! 9" # #!. ' ;7 ".%5 9& R, #>" / +*&Y 2).2005/12/1 Z 1 #7 # 67
... # #)* $% & '( *-,+ -" KA " :!- ds/m M " A) A E! (2) :.7! '"( 4 )! M 0.758 "!*" /"** %(!*" /"** %( 8/! :!-! :!- 0.89 7.8 7.73 2.41 7.65 7.47 W ph 2.20 4.90 4.00 0.13 0.759 0.758 / EC 0.85W 2.544 2.566 12.8 395 453 /[ TDS 12.76W 820 940 12.28 498.5 610 NTU 5" 6.86W 226.03 242.70 7.85 161.10 174.83 /[ 5" 0.03 3.3495 3.3483 5.32 3.17 3.01 910/\ 0.0 1.3343 1.3343 0.007 1.3340 1.3339 W 9" 8 0.02W 1.0020 1.0023 0.08 0.9971 0.9979 9/\ %' 1.91W 73.12 74.55 2.07 68.62 70.07 // = $& 4.40W 0.737 0.771 2.24 0.698 0.714 G 3.12W 0.434 0.448 4.17 0.69 0.72 /\ 0.0 6.5 6.5 W 3.50 3.50 /[ N 37.5W 0.5 0.8 W 0.2 0.2 /[ P 0.0 3.31 3.31 2.34 1.67 1.71 /[ K+ 1.66 1679 1651 16.02 86.15 102.59 /[ Cl- 8.27W 207.49 226.22 17.37 144.71 175.14 /[ -- SO 4 10.29 92.03 82.56 9.29 92.33 101.79 /[ - HCO 3 2.55 969.21 944.44 13.65 57.28 50.40 /[ Na + 6.87W 90.41 97.08 W 69.93 69.93 /[ Ca ++ 0.0 60.16 60.16 1.99 29.11 29.70 /[ Mg ++ 0.0W 3.7 3.7 W W W /[ - BO 3 #$ " %& '"( 1 40 0 23 $% " 2% (AW3) 9 / D&> =0.%21.71 # 5 (M 0 ).= " 7 (M 1 ) & 90" $% " P),- R & 4 # /,- (BW3) 9 P0)8 # " 2% 1D $.= #/23 9) A!A1 "N 68
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rattan Mass) #0 $% 4 5,- K P) ' / " & 9") : '(,- # P) 0 50 @. 3 % ; # L*8 B) $0%. 5,- " 7% & 9") 23 $% + R0 5 23 $% * + 5 @ ; /& $% /) 23 $% 4 5,- R $% 4 5,- &.(2004 /J 73
... # #)* $% & '( *-,+ REFERENCES 3 E! %& %*! * 5 %*'"( O) +.(2006 ).' 5 ;1 ; )? 4 / * *. I1 : "! A). 195 ;(!., I ; 9" F # #.(2003).P! ;%. 24.(www. azzaman.com) 1689 F! % I ;)!'.%/!'!" 1(.(1989).,* :#& ;O. 260. ;% %*'"( O).(2005). J ' M &!," 9&! %! - ;,* -.8 I7.1 : E<D 5.$.2823 :(1)36 " Q! *.(2004).0)?*,* 8! :#& Q?* + ;,' E 5 Lycopersicom esculentum ''!" %& 7B #$.4540 :D ;(15) ; I!.,! %"D %*'"( O).(2005). J ' M &!,",*! -! % ;9&.'" I1 2 : E<D 5.$.3429 :(1)36 - Blake, W. (2000). Physical and Biological effect of magnet. In: Santwani, M.T. (ed). The art of magnetic healing. B. Jain. India Gyaa.com. India. Colic, M., Chien, A. and Morse. D. (1998). Synergistic application of chemical and electro magnetic water treatment in corrosion and scale prevention. Croatica Chemica Acta. 71(4), 905-916. David, M.O. and Nilsen, E.T. (2000). The physiology of plant under stress. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p-420 Hilal, M. H. and Hilal. M.M (2000). Application of magnetic technology in desert agriculture II- Effect of magnetic treatments of irrigation water on salt distribution in olive and citrus field and induced changes of ionic balance in soil and plant. Egypt. J. Soil Sci. 40(3): 423-435. Khattab, M.D.; El-Torky, M.; Mostafa, M. and Doaa Reela. M.S. (2000). Pretreatment of gladiolus cormels to produce commercial yield: 1- Effect of GA 3, Sea water and magnetic system on the growth and corms production. Alex. J. Agric. Res. 45(3): 181-199. Kronenberg, K.J. (2005). Magneto hydrodynamics: The effect of magnets on fluids GMX international. Mass, E.V. and Grattan. S.R. (1999). Crop yield as affected by salinity. Amer. Society of Agronomy, 677: 55-103. Rao, A. P. (2002). Scalemaster ECO friendly water treatment. Scale-master Adlam Pvt. Ltd. (www.adlams.com/attachment-scal.p.) Takachenko, Y. P. (1995). The application of magnetic technology in agriculture. Magnetizer pp.:9-11. Received 2007/07/ 29 F! C4 Accepted for Publ. 2008/02/ 12 " F! :!- 74