North Carolina Ferns and Fern Allies : a survey

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Transcription:

North Carolina Ferns and Fern Allies : a survey

Ferns of North Carolina 122 species, in 46 genera, in 22 families from sea level to tops of Mount Mitchell in nearly all habitats (under water and dry sands and rocks)

Lycopodiaceae 14 species

6 species (2 aliens) Selaginellaceae

Isoetaceae 9 species more on the way

Psilotaceae 1 species (alien?, new to NC)

Equisetaceae 3 species (1 alien, newly documented for NC)

Azollaceae 1 species

1 species (alien) Salviniaceae

1 species (alien) Marsileaceae

Hymenophyllaceae Filmy ferns (Trichomanes petersii)

Ophioglossaceae 16 species

New Yorker cartoon by Charles Saxon, Sept. 12, 1983

3 species Osmundaceae

3 species Dennstaedtiaceae

8 species Pteridaceae

12 species Aspleniaceae

Dryopteridaceae 24 species (1 alien)

Thelypteridaceae 6 species

Blechnaceae 2 species

Polypodiaceae 3 species

1 species Schizaeaceae

Lygodiaceae 2 species (1 alien)

1 species Grammitidaceae

Vittariaceae 1 species

Changes -- 1 New systematics monographs, revisions, studies using traditional approaches cladistic approaches molecular systematics New nomenclature continued nontaxonomic changes in nomenclature

Changes -- 2 New discoveries new natives are found to be (and to have been) in the Carolinas new aliens become established in the Carolinas differing criteria for inclusion in floras

Changes -- 4 Additions to the flora by description (new circumscription) [+250] re-elevation from synonymy [net +250] New discoveries and new arrivals finds (natives new to the flora area) [+250] naturalization [+250] Rearrangements of lower taxa [plenty] New nomenclature [plenty]

New species and infrataxa Gymnocarpium appalachianum Pryer & Haufler Huperzia appalachiana Beitel & Mickel Hymenophyllum tayloriae Farrar & Raine Isoetes appalachiana Brunton & Britton Isoetes hyemalis Brunton Lycopodium hickeyi W.H. Wagner, Beitel, & R.C. Moran Polypodium appalachianum Haufler & Windham Trichomanes intricatum Farrar Vittaria appalachiana Farrar & Mickel Additional Isoetes in the works

New taxonomic concepts -- Isoetes species

New natives to the Carolinas Bog Fern (Thelypteris simulata) Fragile Fern (Cystopteris fragilis) Northern Bog Clubmoss (Lycopodiella inundata) Leather Grapefern (Sceptridium multifidum) Daisyleaf Moonwort (Botrychium matricariifolium) Least Moonwort (Botrychium simplex) Lanceleaf Moonwort (Botrychium lanceolatum var. angustisegmentum) etc

New aliens to the Carolinas Holly Fern (Cyrtomium falcatum) Holly Fern (Cyrtomium fortunei) Giant Water Spangles (Salvinia molesta) Curly-grass Fern (Schizaea pusilla) European Water-clover (Marsilea quadrifolia)

Out of synonymy Appalachian Woodsia (Woodsia appalachiana from W. scopulina) Tree Ground-pine (Dendrolycopodium dendroideum from Dendrolycopodium obscurum)

Generic splits Lycopodium Lycopodium, Diphasiastrum, Huperzia, Lycopodiella, Palhinhaea, Pseudolycopodiella Grammitis Micropolypodium Athyrium Athyrium, Deparia, Diplazium Botrychium Botrychium, Botrypus, Sceptridium Thelypteris Macrothelypteris, Thelypteris, Phegoteris

Generic splits future attractions? Thelypteris Parathelypteris, Christella, Thelypteris, Cyclosorus, Stegnogramma Selaginella Bryodesma, Lycopodioides

Phylogenetic families Traditional morphological, cytological, anatomical criteria Cladistic analyses Molecular data

Lycopodium Diphasiastrum digitatum (=Lycopodium digitatum, Lycopodium flabelliforme, Lycopodium complanatum var. flabelliforme) Running-cedar Ground-pine Ground Cedar Running Clubmoss Hag s-bed Southern Running Pine Fan clubmoss Crowfoot club-moss Southern ground-cedar Trailing ground-pine Lycopode en évantail Lycopode aplati

Lycopodiaceae of the Carolinas Radford, Ahles, & Bell (1968) Now change Lycopodium selago ---- new species named, this species not in Carolinas ---- Huperzia appressa new species (replacing former selago ) Lycopodium lucidulum Huperzia lucidula generic split Lycopodium porophilum Huperzia porophila generic split Lycopodium flabelliforme Diphasiastrum digitatum new nomenclature + generic split Lycopodium tristachyum Diphasiastrum tristachyum generic split Lycopodium clavatum Lycopodium clavatum NO CHANGE!! Lycopodium obscurum Dendrolycopodium obscurum narrower concept + new genus " Dendrolycopodium dendroideum resplit species + new genus " Dendrolycopodium hickeyi new species + new genus Lycopodium carolinianum Pseudolycopodiella carolinianum generic split Lycopodium alopecuroides Lycopodiella alopecuroides resplit species + generic split " Lycopodiella prostrata resplit species + generic split Lycopodium appressum Lycopodiella appressa generic split --- Lycopodiella inundata native species newly discovered in Carolinas --- Palhinhaea cernua non-native species newly discovered in Carolinas

Regional diversity

Main fern habitats moist forests -- 53 rock outcrops -- 41 aquatic situations -- 8 bogs -- 6 dry forests -- 5 savannas -- 4 other wetlands -- 4 sandhills -- 1

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