Jonas Satkūnas GOLOGICAL HRITAG OF DRUSKININKAI - FROM DPLY SATD CRYSTALLIN BASMNT TO PRSNT LANDSCAPS
Due to the especially interesting geological structure ~280 km 2 territory of Druskininkai area is covered by detail complex geological and hydrogeological mapping at a scale 1:50 000 and by deep geological mapping at the scale of 1:200 000, covering the territory of 5200 km 2 About 200 wells along with detailed (1:50 000 mapping of the gravity and magnetic fields provide rather unique knowledge of the basement rocks that can be hardly compared to any other known sedimentary basin worldwide
Crystalline rocks has been formed more than 15 bill years ago - they are dominated by alternation of metasedimentary and mafic metavolcanic rocks reworked by lenticular tectonic fabric and comprises different rock types : such as migmatites gneisses, amphibolites, mafic and felsic intrusions, cratonic (anorogenic granitoids, gabro-diorite-granodiorites and other minor lithologies Geological map of crystalline basement of the Southern Lithuania (G Motuza, 200 Varėna A Fe 5 Fe A Fe 7 AFe 5 5 A Fe 0 5 10 Kilometers 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 Vilnius
Druskininkai FAULT DZŪKIJA FAULT MRKYS FAULT ZON DPTH MAP OF TH TOP OF TH CRYSTALLIN BASMNT OF TH SOUTHRN LITHUANIA The tectonic studies reveal a rather dense network of the faults, large blocks are defined that show no or little tectonic damage Hydrogeological well tests indicate that tectonized zones are water saturated, whereas homogeneous blocks are waterprove Salinity of the formation water does not exceed 0 g/l The water flow field of the basement is not well understood
The crystalline rocks are overlain by 00-400 m succession with Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous and Paleogene sediments comprising the preserved portion of Phanerozoic rocks
Cretaceous and Palaeogene sediments outcropps at the Pre-Quaternary surface The Cretaceous sediments ( ~80 m thick, deposited in the warm ancient seas the lithological composition of sediments (sand, white chalk with rare flint concretions remaining rather similar The overlaying several tens meters thick Palaeogene greenish glauconitic sandstone and sand, was deposited in shallow seas
ngis 5995000 niauskai 5990000 54 05' 5980000 5985000 54 00' -20 5555-0,57 10 0 Lipliûnai Verðiai Didþiasalis -0 20 0 Lipliûnai 1111-10 -2,57 Gerdaðiai -40-10 10 2 55' Verðiai-2 417-42,77-50 Dirþai 2 55' 495000 4814 0,05 2080 14 495000 DRUSKININKØ PLOTO POKVARTRO PAVIRÐIAUS RLJFO ÞMËLAPIS Kaziuliai Mizarai 574-25,74-8,27 8888-4,98 MAP OF RLIF OF SUB-QUATRNARY SURFAC OF DRUSKININKAI ARA Degësiai 10 10 Miciûnai 20 0-10 -0-40 -50 20 Guobiniai 20 Ringëliðkë 257 10, 2511 5 2429 242 1048 14,09 17,7 5014 907-18,7-2,15 DRUSKININKAI 522 52-49, -49,19 Druskininkai-270 425-52,5 Ðvendubrë-272 2222 21,8 4444-50,12 Meilës 42 sala-275 24,4 10 0-20 Ricieliai Snaigupis-24 415 Snaigupë 28,8 500000 24 00' 0 Gailiûnai Gailiûnai Liepiðkiai 7115-20,77 590 -,4 014 29,74 015 Snaigupëlë-2 Neravai Snaigupëlë-1 2,01 5901 2 112 18 Baltaðiðkë-27 41 Gailiûnai 2,7 2575 7,54 Ratnytëlë-27 521 14,4 10-75,4 11 429 908 424 29705 915 14,5 247 249 2440 179 -,2 17, 17,2 Mastelis Scale 5500 12 111 4,24 4118 -,18 4108 5,5 1:50 000 411 -,09 575 15,1 5995 1,59 0 L I T U V A 24 00' 500000 4120 -,72 910 2,5 20 Liðkiava Vieèiûnai Neravai 9704 11,8 4115-8,92 Nem unas Tetervinë 505000 24 05' RATNYÈIA 4117 4,25 4119 24,44 Naujasodë 092 5555 7777 Naujasodis-271 2222 17,92 1,81 5555 22,8 Jaskonys 10-40,55 285,29 22, 20 Grûtas -50 0 Þeimiai Þiogeliai-25 71 29,78 B A L T A R U S I J A 505000 20 9999-52,7 24 05' 10 0-10 Lateþeris-274 Lateþeris 2,0-20 -0-40 Kermuðija Lato-277 4444-51,5 40 Þiogeliai 487 45,0 Maðnyèios 54 05' 5995000 5990000 5985000 54 00' 5980000 G Ran 2 0 LGNDA/LGND Absoliutûs aukðèiai, m Below see level, m 70-80 0-70 50-0 40-50 0-40 20-0 10-20 0-10 -10-0 -10 - -20-0 - -20-40 - -0 SUTARTINIAI ÞNKLAI/ SYMBOLS pokvartero pavirðiaus izohipsë (absa, m/ isohypse of sub-quaternary surface (m, absl geologinio kartografavimo græþinys Nr mapping borehole No kitos paskirties græþinys, kadastrinis Nr/ pokv pav absa, m other borehole, registrion No/ depth of sub-quaternary surface (m, absl paleoárëþis/palaeoincision 0 40 80 Kilometr ai Lietuvos teritorijos pavirðiaus reljefas buvo suformuotas ledyno ir jo tirpsmo vandenø veiklos Prieð atslenkant pirmiesiems ledynams teritorijos pavirðius, kuriame atsidengë iki to meto susiklosèiusios senosios, prieð prasidedant kvartero laikotarpiui, uolienos, buvo lygus, juo tekëjo plaèios, taèiau negilios upës Aktyvus ledyno slinkimas gana stipriai iðraiþë ðá prekvartero uolienø pavirðiø, dar labiau já iðvagojo ledyno tirpsmo vandenys Nuslinkus pirmiesiems ledynams, prekvartero uolienø pavirðius buvo uþklotas kvartero nuogulø, kuriø storis, atslenkant ir atsitraukiant naujiems ledynams, vis didëjo Dabartinis pokvartero pavirðius Druskininkø plote slûgso 80-100 m gylyje Matuojant nuo pasaulinio vandenyno lygio, daþniausiai ðis pavirðius yra +20 m gylyje Ploto pietuose græþiniais nustatyta gana staigi pavirðiaus pakopa, kurioje pokvartero pavirðius nusileidþia iki -40 ir -50 m gylio - taip vadinama Sapockø áduba Ji susijusi su stambiu Druskininkø lûþiu, kuris tæsiasi toli á rytus Pokvartero pavirðiø vagoja gilûs paleoárëþiai* Apie jø prigimtá ir susidarymà yra sukurta nemaþai teorijø, taèiau svarbiausia pripaþástama aktyvi ledyno tirpsmo vandenø átaka Paleoárëþiai yra iðsidëstæ submeridianine (ðiaurës-pietø kryptimi, èia pokvartero pavirðiaus slûgsojimo gylis vietomis virðija 100 m Druskininkø miestas yra tarp dviejø tokiø stambiø árëþiø, kurie susijungia miesto teritorijos ribose Dabartinis Nemuno slënis ið dalies sutampa su ðia paleoárëþiø sistema The relief of the sub- Quaternary surface is highly dissected by erosion of glaciers and activity of melt water and occurs at 80-100 m Deep paleoincisions are defined, the oldest stratigraphies sub-cropping at the bottom The system of N-S orientated paleoincisions is particular for the region - Druskininkai is located between two paleoincisions that join in the territory of the town The recent valley of Nemunas river also partly coincides with that system The altitudes range from 50 m bsl to ~ 20 m asl, while in paleoincisions this value drops down to 250 m below sea level Lietuvos geologijos Autoriai: A Ðliaupa (1972 m, ataskaita "Kompleksiniai Þemëlapis sukurtas MapInfo programine áranga Geodeziniø koordinaèiø (TRS-89 k s -
Mizarai impact crater
aternary succession of 5 to 200 m of thickness is composed of the ercalation of till, clay, sand, silt and gravel ~40 m thick till with vel and pebbles derived from Fennoscandia comprises Dzūkija, nava, Žemaitija and Medininkai glacial deposits The latest munas glacial is composed of Grūda and Baltija stadial basal and rginal morains
The relief was formed by galcier and meltwater: sandy fliuviogalcial plains around Druskininkai were formed by the meltwater of the last glaciation 21-18 000 years ago: characteristic relief of plains, located N from Merkine and N from Liškiava (composed of varied-grained and gravel sand marks the stabile edge of the glacier Fliuviogalcial plains gradually passes to the h relief of Grūda end morains (+ 140 m In the environs of Marcinkonys, Manciagiris, Zervynos Grūda age sands form an impressive sandy dunes Locations of fliuviogalcial terraces (+120, +115, +110,+100 in the recent valleys of Nemunas and Merkys reflect the direction and distribution of melt water streams Bogyy limnoglacial plains along the Lithuanian-Belarus cross-border traces the distribution of the pre-glacial lakes
Raigardas valley the unique natural, geological, cultural and spiritual monument Raigardas valley - its central and southern parts are confined to the deep erosion exaration depression of the paleosurface The Quaternary sediments comprise 140 m of thickness of glacial aquaglacial, lacustrine and fluvial deposits The present shape of the valley has been formed under the influence of the erosion and accumulation of glacier/melt waters of Last Glaciation and waters of Nemunas On the eastern slope a number of suffosion circuses (diameters 700 and 500 m were formed In the eastern part of valley a lowland tipe bog is located Circuses of Raigardas valley slopes formed by suffusion processes
Gifts from Scandinavia
~19 springs of mineral water with different chemical composition and yield rates have been recorded during 19 century, the first well for mineral water exploitation, reaching the crystalline basement, was drilled 190
Mineral water (of hydroinjection type is considered to be formed by dissolution of salts in rocks by streams that flow along the tectonic faults and recharge at the junction of the paleoincision and Nemunas valley: Pr and T high salinity (0-54 g/l Na-Cl water reaches C and Q aquifers where it mixes with fresh Ca-hydrocarbonate water forming dome-shaped deposit of Ca-Na mineral water (mineralization varies form 2-5 g/l to 5-15 g/l Moderate mineralization is particular for the central part of the recharge zone, while 2-5 g/l occurs in the marginal parts