Genetics Unit Review Directions: Please do not make any marks on the test copy. Please write all of your answers on the answer sheet provided to you. Multiple Choice - Choose the best and most complete answer. 1. A human with the genotype XX is A. an example of the failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis. B. a female. C. a male. D. a dwarf. 2. In humans brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. A cross between a heterozygous brown eyed individual and a recessive blue eyed individual would result in a phenotypic ratio of A. 9:3:3:1. B. 1:2:1. C. 3:1. D. 1:1. 3. The scientist who first described the principles of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment was A. Charles Darwin. B. Albert Einstein. C. Louis Pasteur. D. Gregor Mendel. 4. A heterozygous individual would have the genotype A. Hh. B. hh. C. HH. D. hornless. 5. The phenotype of an organism A. is due to its genotype. B. is represented with letters. C. occurs only in homozygous dominant organisms. D. is also called the organism s genetic makeup. 6. Autosomes are A. special sex chromosomes. B. found only in vertebrates. C. mutated genes. D. all the chromosomes except the sex chromosomes.
7. A woman is heterozygous for widow s peak, and she has a child with a man who is homozygous recessive for widow s peak. What is the probability of having a child with an even hairline? A. 75% B. 50% C. 25% D. 0% 8. The change in populations over time A. Evolution B. Genetic Drift C. Punctuated equilibrium D. Natural Selection 9. A priest who served as a naturalist on the H.M.S. Beagle. Formed Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection A. Thomas Malthus B. Alfred Russell Wallace C. Charles Darwin D. Jean Baptiste Lamarck 10. A group of small islands near the equator, about 1 000 km off the west coast of South America. Observations of the island fauna lead to the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection A. Fiji Islands B. Falkland Islands C. Galapagos Islands D. Aleutian Islands 11. An English Economist who said that the human population will grow faster than its food supply. This will result in a struggle to survive A. Thomas Malthus B. Alfred Russell Wallace C. Charles Darwin D. Jean Baptiste Lamarck 12. A change in structure (phenotype) that is favorable for survival A. Directional Selection B. Natural Selection C. Disruptive Selection D. Structural Adaptation 13. A mechanism for change in populations where an organism with a favorable phenotype survives, reproduces, and pass the favorable phenotype to the next generation. Organisms without the favorable phenotype are less likely to survive and reproduce A. Directional Selection B. Natural Selection C. Disruptive Selection D. Structural Adaptation
14. An individual with the genotype BBTt could produce the gametes A. BB and Tt only. B. BT and Bt only. C. BB, Tt, Bt, and BT only. D. B, T, and t only. 15. In holly trees, red fruit (R) are dominant to white fruit (r), and spiny leaves (L) are dominant to smooth leaves (l). According to this Punnett square, how many of the new holly trees from this cross would be expected to have white fruit and smooth leaves? RL Rl rl rl RL RRLL RRLl RrLL RrLl Rl RRLl RRll RrLl Rrll rl RrLL RrLl rrll rrll rl RrLl Rrll rrll rrll A. none B. 1 out of 16 C. 3 out of 16 D. 9 out of 16 16. The allele of a trait that always shows up in the F 1 generation is said to be A. recessive. B. sex linked. C. dominant. D. homozygous. 17. The phenotype of a heterozygous brown rabbit is A. brown. B. BB. C. bb. D. Bb. 18. To visualize Mendel s experiments, or any cross in genetics, a simple diagram called a? may be used. A. graphing calculator B. Punnett square C. probability circle D. genotype 19. A organism with the genotype TtRr could produce which of the following gametes? A. TR, Tt, Rr, tr B. TR, Tr, tr, tr C. TR, tr only D. Tr, tr only
20. Genetic information is shown in the diagram below. This type of diagram is called A. a Punnett square. B. a karyotype. C. a pedigree. D. a blood sample. 21. Use the following diagram to answer the questions 21 and 22. 22. What would be the sex of the individual with the above genetic information? A. female B. male C. male and female D. There is not enough information available to determine the sex of the individual. 23. Which of the following statements is true? A. The individual s diploid number is 46. B. The individual would be expected to be normal. C. The individual would be expected to have a genetic disorder. D. The individual s haploid number is 46. 24. A cross between an individual that is heterozygous for a trait and an individual that is homozygous recessive for the same trait will probably produce offspring with A. all the same genotype. B. two different genotypes. C. three different genotypes. D. all of the same characteristics.
25. Recessive alleles are represented with a A. capital letter. B. small or lower case letter. C. word. D. number. 26. Explain the following figure on your answer sheet.