North Carolina Draft Standard Course of Study and Grade Level Competencies, Biology BIOLOGY COMPETENCY GOAL 1: The learner will develop abilities necessary to do and understand scientific inquiry. 1.01 Identify biological questions and problems that can be answered through scientific investigations. 1.02 Design and conduct scientific investigations to answer biological questions. SE/TE: 62, 224, 271, 541, 553, 750, 799, 825, 883, 1023, 1049, 6, 136, 680, 818, 739 SE/TE: 55, 133, 161, 188, 195, 215, 326, 334,508, 521, 543, 601, 627, 649, 709, 739, 759, 883, 964, 990, 994 Create testable hypotheses SE/TE: 19, 54, 70, 81, 161, 188, 220, 231, 249, 318, 335, 488, 502, 531, 543, 565, 608, 632, 649, 707, 739, 796, 811, 879, 942, 965, 990, 1026 Identify variables SE/TE: 161, 215, 334, 488, 508, 543, 601, 627, 739, 883, 990, 32 Use a control or comparison group when appropriate. SE/TE: 81, 34, 608, 942, 125, 231, 753, 960, 648, 54-55, 215, 990, 1057, 334 Select and use appropriate measurement tools. SE/TE: 28, 29, 235, 161, 215, 334-335, 521, 627, 739, 759, 883, 964, 990 Collect and record data. SE/TE: 54-55, 161, 441, 603, 234-235, 718, 815, 521, 627, 739, 990-991, 351, 446, 709, 811 Organize data into charts and graphs. SE/TE: 113, 118, 123, 133, 220, 235, 254, 340, 351, 420, 446, 603, 709, 811, 815, 825 Analyze and interpret data. SE/TE: 27, 42, 79, 111, 118, 123, 138, 161, 188, 213, 231, 249, 255, 286, 296, 335, 368, 401, 408, 411, 420, 438, 441, 453, 508, 543, 573, 603, 620, 674, 707, 787, 811, 843, 875, 913, 935, 954, 1043, 1049 Communicate findings. SE/TE: 2, 82, 161, 224, 255, 281, 368, 553, 578, 594, 632, 750, 791, 799, 937, 977, 156, 243, 503, 529, 563, 594, 626, 675, 693, 738, 805, 814, 882, 1040 1
1.03 Formulate and revise scientific explanations and models of biological phenomena using logic and evidence to: Explain observations. SE/TE: 19, 81, 113, 125, 200, 206, 215, 240, 326, 361, 411, 446, 470, 502, 521, 565, 573, 608, 627, 640, 677, 718, 753, 798, 843, 937, 965, 991, 1020 Make inferences and predictions. SE/TE: 2, 19, 27, 29, 55, 91, 133, 151, 155, 158, 179, 188, 200, 206, 213, 235, 240, 246, 254, 262, 296, 326, 401, 411, 416, 441, 453, 462, 489, 502, 521, 531, 543, 550, 573, 578, 592, 601, 637, 648, 662, 674, 695, 718, 739, 775, 790, 796, 815, 848, 855, 861, 870, 883, 937, 965, 970, 982, 1028, 1052, 994, 972, 805, 742, 610, 492, 524, 434, 333, 294, 214, 198, 136, 116, 12 Explain the relationship between evidence and explanation. SE: 4-5 TE: 4 1.04 Apply safety procedures in the laboratory and in field studies: Recognize and avoid potential hazards. SE/TE: 1060-1062, 54-55, 81, 133, 161, 194, 334, 489 LAB: Lab A-19; Lab B- 19, 45 Safely manipulate materials and equipment needed for scientific investigations. SE/TE: 1060-1062, 1064-1065, 29, 54-55, 81, 133, 161, 194, 334, 489 LAB: Lab A-23, 35, 41, 45; Lab B- 19, 35, 41, 45 1.05 Analyze reports of scientific investigations from an informed scientifically literate viewpoint including considerations of: Appropriate sample. SE/TE: 23, 27, 42, 79, 81, 123, 334, 411, 441, 489 Adequacy of experimental controls. SE/TE: 12-13, 27, 54-55, 81, 91, 161, 215, 271, 489 Replication of findings. SE/TE: 23, 81, 161 Alternative interpretations of the data. SE/TE: 2, 19, 42, 55, 138, 215, 235, 335, 441, 462, 488, 790-791, 825, 865, 883, 965, 1049 2
COMPETENCY GOAL 2: The learner will develop an understanding of the physical, chemical and cellular basis of life. 2.01 Compare and contrast the structure and functions of the following organic molecules: Carbohydrates. SE/TE: 45-46, 972 LAB: Lab A- 59 Proteins. SE/TE: 47-48, 182, 973, 53, 951, 251 LAB: Lab A- 59; Lab B- 59 Lipids. SE/TE: 46-47, 973, 999, 184 LAB: Lab A- 59 Nucleic acids. SE/TE: 47, 291, 43, 291-294 2.02 Investigate and describe the structure and functions of cells including: Cell organelles. SE/TE: 171-174, 177-183, 194-195 Cell specialization. SE/TE: 191, 192, 660, 748 LAB: Lab A- 101; Lab B- 95 Communication among cells within an organism. SE/TE: 897-900 2.03 Investigate the cell as a living system including: Maintenance of homeostasis. SE/TE: 19, 20, 895, 790, 822, 854-855, 1000-1001, 985, 790, 988-989, 1005 LAB: Lab A- 85 Movement of materials into and out of cells. SE/TE: 188-189, 185, 186-187, 899 Energy use and release in biochemical reactions. 2.04 Investigate and describe the structure and function of enzymes and explain their importance in biological systems. SE/TE: 202-203, 182, 222-223, 226-227, 210-213, 856 SE/TE: 51-55, 210, 979, 980-982, 990-991, 1034, 296, 322-323, 326, 356, 214 3
2.05 Investigate and analyze the bioenergetic reactions: Aerobic Respiration. SE/TE: 220, 226-227, 221-223, 956, 842, 775, 811, 753, 960, 964 LAB: Lab A- 95, 261; Lab B- 91 Anaerobic Respiration. SE/TE: 224-225, 231, 475, 234 LAB: Lab B- 137 Photosynthesis. SE/TE: 200, 204-216, 68, 77, 232, 595-597, 667, 474, 505-506 COMPETENCY GOAL 3: The learner will develop an understanding of the continuity of life and the changes of organisms over time. 3.01 Analyze the molecular basis of heredity including: DNA replication. SE/TE: 245, 297-299, 243, 254-255, 313, 315-316 Protein synthesis (transcription, translation). SE/TE: 301-306, 315-316 Gene regulation. SE/TE: 309-312, 315-316 3.02 Compare and contrast the characteristics of asexual and sexual reproduction. SE/TE: 17, 659, 476, 497-498, 500, 864, 672, 686, 528-529, 757, 758, 562, 666-667, 518, 531, 696, 864, 576, 500, 428, 395, 826-827, 704, 690 3.03 Interpret and predict patterns of inheritance. SE/TE: 268, 269, 284, 340, 270-271, 273, 342-343 LAB: Lab B- 101 Dominant, recessive and intermediate traits. SE/TE: 264-265, 272, 266, 346, 348, 345, 350 LAB: Lab A- 107; Lab B- 101, 113 Multiple alleles. SE/TE: 273 Polygenic inheritance. SE/TE: 273, 343, 395-396, 398-399 Sex-linked traits. SE/TE: 262, 350-351, 353 Independent assortment. SE/TE: 270-271, 279 4
Test cross. SE/TE: 265-266 Pedigrees. SE/TE: 270-271, 342-343 Punnett squares. SE/TE: 268, 269, 284, 340 LAB: Lab B- 101 3.04 Assess the impact of advances in genomics on individuals and society. SE/TE: 253, 354, 359-360, 330, 332-333, 318-339, 360, 322-326, 357-359 Human genome project. SE/TE: 357-359, 349, 360, 364 Applications of biotechnology. SE/TE: 331-333, 253, 321-326, 357, 361, 261, 330, 354-356, 617 LAB: Lab A- 113, 119; Lab B- 109 3.05 Examine the development of the theory of evolution by natural selection including: Development of the theory. SE/TE: 369-372, 373-377, 378-379, 380-382, 383, 386, 397-399, 406-407, 668 The origins and history of life. SE/TE: 423-428, 417-422, 429-434, 435-440 LAB: Lab A- 143 Fossil and biochemical evidence. SE/TE: 382-383, 373, 417-422, 429-434, 435-440 LAB: Lab A- 127 Mechanisms of evolution. SE/TE: 368-391, 397-402, 404-410, 435-441 LAB: Lab B- 119, 123 Applications (pesticide and antibiotic resistance). SE/TE: 403, 411 COMPETENCY GOAL 4: The learner will develop an understanding of the unity and diversity of life. 4.01 Analyze the classification of organisms according to their evolutionary relationships. The historical development and changing nature of classification systems. Similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. SE/TE: 452, 451, 455, 457-456 SE/TE: 446-450, 451-453, 457-458 SE/TE: 458-461, 471-476, 488-489, 495, 427, 172, 297 5
Similarities and differences between the eukaryotic kingdoms: Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals SE/TE: 495-520, 527-536, 551-572, 654-763, 764-887 LAB: Lab A- 161, 165, 171, 177, 183, 189, 195, 201, 207, 211, 217, 225, 231; Lab B- 143, 147, 151, 157, 171, 175, 181, 187, 193, 209 Classify organisms using keys. SE/TE: 452-453, 461, 462-463, 464, 466, 490 LAB: Lab A- 147; Lab B- 131 4.02 Analyze the processes by which organisms representative of the following groups accomplish essential life functions including: Unicellular protists, annelid worms, insects, amphibians, mammals, non vascular plants, gymnosperms and angiosperms. Transport, excretion, respiration, regulation, nutrition, synthesis, reproduction, growth and development. SE/TE: 495-496, 503, 508, 512-514, 516-519, 552, 558-559, 564-565, 569-572, 579-602, 634-642, 694-696, 727-729, 782-787, 821-827 LAB: Lab A- 171, 161, 177, 183, 189, 207, 217, 231, 237; Lab B- 151, 161, 167, 193, 209 SE/TE: 599-602, 895-896, 921-936, 956-963, 971-977, 985-989, 997-1008, 1009-1015, 1017-1022 LAB: Lab A- 255, 261, 267, 273; Lab B- 233, 243, 247 4.03 Assess, describe and explain adaptations affecting survival and reproductive success. Structural adaptations in plants and animals (form to function). SE/TE: 633-638, 639-642, 643-646, 664-667, 670-672, 684-686, 690-691, 695-698, 702-704, 716-718, 728-729, 735-739, 751-758, 774-778, 784-787, 800-802, 808-812, 822-827 LAB: Lab A- 131, 195, 201, 217, 225; Lab B- 157, 171, 175, 181, 193, 201 Disease causing viruses and microorganisms. SE/TE: 479-480, 482-487, 501-502, 504, 520 Co evolution. SE/TE: 437-438, 441 4.04 Analyze and explain the interactive role of internal and external factors in health and disease: Genetics. SE/TE: 345-346, 347-348, 350-353 Immune response. SE/TE: 912, 1034-1040, 1041-1044, 1029-1033, 1045, 1046-1047 Nutrition. SE/TE: 971-977 6
Parasites. SE/TE: 93, 126, 537, 658, 1031, 684, 686-688, 724, 1030, 645, 690-692, 500 Toxins. SE/TE: 789, 1031 4.05 Analyze the broad patterns of animal behavior as adaptations to the environment. SE/TE: 870-887, 739 LAB: Lab A- 243; Lab B- 221 Innate behavior. SE/TE: 873, 876, 871-872, 877, 878-882, 883 LAB: Lab A- 243; Lab B- 221 Learned behavior. SE/TE: 873-875, 876, 871-872 LAB: Lab A- 243; Lab B- 221 Social behavior. SE/TE: 880, 871-872, 883 COMPETENCY GOAL 5: The learner will develop an understanding of the ecological relationships among organisms. 5.01 Investigate the interrelationships among organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystems. SE/TE: 92-93, 94-97, 69-71, 91-92, 74-80 LAB: Lab A- 69, 73; Lab B- 67, 71, 77, 187 Techniques of field ecology. SE/TE: 65, 81, 91, 95, 111, 113, 128 Abiotic and biotic factors. SE/TE: 63, 90-91, 92-93, 94-97, 119, 21, 64, 99-105, 67-73, 74-80 LAB: Lab A- 91; Lab B- 87 Carrying capacity. SE/TE: 122, 120-121, 123, 124-127, 136 5.02 Analyze the flow of energy and the cycling of matter in the ecosystem Relationship of the carbon cycle to photosynthesis and respiration. Trophic levels - direction and efficiency of energy transfer. SE/TE: 67-73, 74-77, 78-80, 81 SE/TE: 76-77, 960-961, 212-213, 206, 222-225, 226-229, 230-231 LAB: Lab A- 65; Lab B- 63 SE/TE: 69-73, 76-80, 81, 74-75 7
5.03 Assess human population and its impact on local ecosystems and global environments: Historic and potential changes in population. SE/TE: 129-132 Factors associated with those changes. SE/TE: 129-132 Climate change. SE/TE: 87-89, 98-99 Resource use. SE/TE: 92, 144-149, 154-156 Sustainable practices/stewardship. SE/TE: 145, 154-156 8