CHATR 7 Sco 7-7-. d r usd smors o. Th vrcs r d ; comr h S vrc hs cs / / S S Θ Θ Sc oh smors r usd mo o h vrcs would coclud h s h r smor wh h smllr vrc. 7-. [ ] Θ 7 7 7 7 7 7 [ ] Θ ] [ 7 6 Boh d r usd sms o sc h cd vlus o hs sscs r Θ Θ quvl o h ru m. 7 7 7 7 49 7 7... Θ 7 Θ 4 4 4 6 4 6 4 6 Θ 4 4 4 6 Θ Sc oh smors r usd h vrcs c comrd o dcd o slc h r smor. Th vrc o s smllr h h o s h r smor. Θ Θ Θ 7-. Sc oh d r usd h vrcs o h smors c md o drm h r smor. Th vrc o s smllr h h o hus my h r smor. Θ Θ Rlv ccy 5. 4 Θ Θ Θ Θ S S 7-
7-4. Sc oh smors r usd: S Θ Θ Rlv ccy S Θ Θ S Θ Θ 7-5.. 5 S Θ Θ 4 7-6. Θ Θ / Bs Θ Θ Θ 4 or usdss us Θ sc s h oly usd smor. As or mmum vrc d ccy w hv: Θ Bs Rlv ccy whr s or s. Θ Bs Thus 4 Rlv ccy 6 4 I h rlv ccy s lss h or qul o Us Θ wh 4 6 4 6 / 7 / 4 4. 899 or 4899. Θ s h r smor. I 4. 899 < < 4. 899 h us Θ. or usdss us Θ. or ccy us Θ wh 4. 899 or 4899. d us Θ wh 4. 899 < < 4. 899. 7-7. Θ o s Θ S Θ Θ o s Θ S Θ Θ Bs S Θ 6 [o h hs cluds s ] To comr h hr smors clcul h rlv ccs: S Θ. sc rl.. > us Θ s h smor or S Θ S Θ S Θ 6 sc rl.. > us Θ s h smor or S Θ.8 sc rl.. > us Θ s h smor or S Θ 6 Cocluso: s h mos c smor wh s u s sd. Θ s h s usd smor. Θ 7-
7-8. 8 Show h S s usd: 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 S S S S S S S S s usd smor o. 7-9. Show h s sd smor o : s sd smor o. Bs c Bs dcrss s crss. 7- Show h s sd smor o. Usg [ ] Thror s sd smor o. Bs c Bs dcrss s crss. 7- Th vrg o h 6 osrvos rovdd c usd s smor o h m ull orc cus w kow s usd. Ths vlu s 75.65 ouds. Th md o h sml c usd s sm o h o h dvds h oulo o wk d srog hl. Ths sm s 75. ouds. 7-
c Our sm o h oulo vrc s h sml vrc or.78 squr ouds. Smlrly our sm o h oulo sdrd dvo s h sml sdrd dvo or.655 ouds. d Th smd sdrd rror o h m ull orc s.655/6 /.5. Ths vlu s h sdrd dvo o o h ull orc u o h m ull orc o h sml. Oly o cocor h sml hs ull orc msurm udr 7 ouds. Our o sm or h rooro rqusd s h /6.85 7-. Dscrv Sscs rl d Tr SDv S Od Thckss 4 4. 44. 4.6 9.8.85 Th m od hckss s smd y rom h sml s 4. Agsroms. Sdrd dvo or h oulo c smd y h sml sdrd dvo or 9.8 Agsroms. c Th sdrd rror o h m s.85 Agsroms. d Our sm or h md s 44 Agsroms. Sv o h msurms cd 4 Agsroms so our sm o h rooro rqusd s 7/4.97 7. o hs rcs ws chgd rg o h ook. Th rcs h orgl rgs volvd cocs o covrd sucly h ook h dsruo o h sml mmum d mmum. Th ollowg soluo s or rg. d d d h sml vrg o h osrvos h rdom sml. W kow h h m o h dsruo. Howvr h m o h dsruo s / so s usd smor o. 7.4 W kow h h vrc o s so s sdrd rror mus sm hs rmr w would susu our sm o o.. To 7.5 7-4
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or h quo show. d Our sm o h drc rooros s. Th smd sdrd rror s.4 7-6
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7-. [ ] l l l l l l l l Uo sg l qul o zro w o / d Uo sg l qul o zro d susug or w o l l l l l l l l d l l c umrcl ro s rqurd. 7-4 Th m o s clculd rom grl o h dsy uco o Solv hs or d susu o o 7-5 hror: Th cd vlu o hs sm s h ru rmr so mus usd. Ths sm s rsol o ss cus s usd. Howvr hr r ovous rolms. Cosdr h sml d. ow 4.7 d 667 8.. Ths s ursol sm o cus clrly. 7-9
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c l.5.5 / d W c sm h md y susug our sm or h o h quo or. 7- c c c d c so h h cos c should qul.5 c d l l l l By sco h vlu o h mmzs h lklhood s m 7- Usg h rsuls rom ml 7- w o h h sm o h m s 4. d h sm o h vrc s 8.4464 7-
- log -4-6 7 8 9 Sd. Dv. 45 4 4 5 4 45 4 45 Th uco sms o hv rdg d s curvur s o oo rooucd. Th mmum vlu or sd dvo s 9.8 lhough s dcul o s o h grh. 7- Wh s crsd o 4 h grh looks h sm lhough h curvur s mor rooucd. As crss s sr o drm h whr h mmum vlu or h sdrd dvo s o h grh. Sco 7-5 7-.9....9../ 9 /./ 9.977.586.886 7-4 ~ 5 5 [.8 ] 96.4 96.4 /.8.8.84.59.854.5 7-5 75. 5s. 49 6 7-
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7-4 Y 6 Y Y 44 6 5 44 6 Y ~ 5 44 romly usg h crl lm horm. 7-4 6 / 6 / 6 z / Usg h crl lm horm:. <.5..5 < < < / / 6 6 8.748 < <.674 <.674 <.748.7688. 7-4 8. mus 49 5. mus 5. 4. 49 8. ms Usg h crl lm horm s romly ormlly dsrud. 8. < < < 8.4.4 58. 8. 5 < < < <.4.4 < 8.4 < 4.9 6 8. c < 6 < <.7.4 7-4
7-4 6 75 8 4 > 9 ~ 7 ~ 8 ~ 75 7 6 9 ~ 5 4 5 > >.6.6.45.5885.5 5.5.55 5.55.8.54.5445.687.759 7-44. I B A h B A s romly orml wh m d vrc B A. 48 5 5 Th.5.5 > > >.77. 96 B A.48 Th roly h B cds A y.5 or mor s o h uusul wh B d A r qul. Thror hr s o srog vdc h B s grr h A. 7-45. Assum rom orml dsruos. hgh hgh low ~ 6 55 low ~ 5 4 6 5 4 6..7.98. Sulml rcss 5 7-46 4 5 π 7-47... or > >... > 5 7-48 or 4 4 7-49.5 ~ 5 5 ~ 5. 7-5
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7-69 rom rcs 7-65 or I Y h y y y. Th Y I Y h y y. Th Y. Y y dy rom rcs 7-65 or. Y y y dy whr gro y rs s usd. Thror [ ] d [ ] 7-7 k [ ] k k Thror k 7-7 Th rdol sm o h sdrd dvo S s.6. Th m o h sml s.4 so h vlus o corrsodg o h gv osrvos r.4.4 4.4.57 4.57.57 d.57. Th md o hs w qus s.57 so h w sm o h sdrd dvo s.8; slghly lrgr h h vlu od wh h rdol smor. kg h rs osrvo h orgl sml qul o 5 roducs h ollowg rsuls. Th rdol smor S s qul o.9. Th w smor rms uchgd. 7-7 T r... r... r r... r r Bcus s h mmum lm o ms. Th s h mmum lm o - ms rom h mmorylss rory o h ol d. Smlrly k k. Th k r r T T r... d r r r T / / r r r s rld o h vrc o h rlg dsruo r /. Thy r rld y h vlu /r. Th csord vrc s /r ms h ucsord vrc. 7-
Sco 7.. o CD S7- rom ml S7- h osror dsruo or s orml wh m / / d vrc / / /. Th Bys smor or gos o h s crss. Ths ollows sc / gos o d h smor rochs h s ccl. Thus h lm. S7- Bcus π d or h jo dsruo s π or - < < d. Th π d d hs grl s rcogzd s orml roly. Thror [ Φ Φ ] whr Φ s h sdrd orml cumulv dsruo uco. Th [ ] π Φ Φ Th Bys smor s [ ] Φ Φ d π ~. v -. Th dv - d d [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Φ Φ Φ Φ Φ Φ Φ Φ dv v dv v v v π π ~ w v. Th dv dv dw v v ] [ ] [ d [ ] Φ Φ Φ Φ π π w dw ~ 7-
S7- or d! Th m m m m Γ m! m m m m or >. Γ m m Ths ls dsy s rcogzd o gmm dsy s uco o. Thror h osror dsruo o s gmm dsruo wh rmrs m d m. Th m o h osror dsruo c od rom h rsuls or h gmm dsruo o m m m m [ ] 9 S7-4 rom ml S7- h Bys sm s ~ 4 4.85 5 4. 65 9. 4. 85 Th Bys sm rs o udrsm h m.. 5 S7-5. rom ml S7- ~.5. 5.5 5 5. 46. 5. 5 Th Bys sm s vry clos o h o h m.. S7-6 d.. Th 5..... As uco o hs s rcogzd s gmm dsy wh rmrs d.. Thror h osror ~ m or s..... Usg h Bys sm or <. d.76. 7-4