Csmic-ray sil water mnitring: the develpment, status & ptential f the COSMOS- India netwrk Rss Mrrisn, J. G. Evans, S. S. Angadi, L. Ball, T. Chakrabrty, H. Cper, M. Fry, G. Geet, M. Gswami, N. Ganeshi, O. Hitt, S. Jain, M. Krishnan, R. Krishnan, A. Kumar, M. Mujumdar, M. Nema, G. Rees, M. Sekhar, O. Swain, R. Thayyen, S. Tripathi, D. Upadhyaya & A. Jenkins
COSMOS-India: utline Backgrund & ratinale Basics f measurement principle COSMOS-India netwrk & sites Selected results Future wrk
COSMOS-India: bjectives Cllabrative develpment f sil misture (SM) netwrk in India using csmic ray (COSMOS) sensrs Deliver high tempral frequency SM bservatins at the intermediate spatial scale in near real-time Develpment f natinal COSMOS-India data system & near real time data prtal Integrate with Earth Observatin datasets fr validated SM maps f India Empwer many ther applicatins
Acknwledgment: ther COSMOS netwrks csms.hwr.arizna.edu csms.ceh.ac.uk
Why measure sil misture (SM)? Cntrls exchanges f energy & mass between land surface & atmsphere Hydrlgy: cntrls evaptranspiratin, partitining between runff & infiltratin, grundwater recharge Meterlgy: partitining slar energy int sensible, latent & sil heat fluxes, surface-bundary layer interactins Plant grwth & sil bigechemistry https://www2.ucar.edu/atmsnews/peple/aigu-dai https://nevada.usgs.gv/water/et/measured.htm
Applicatins f sil misture data
SM bservatin techniques Challenge: SM bservatins at spatial & tempral reslutin relevant t applicatins (e.g. gridded mdels, field scale) asuring sil misture cntent Pint scale: high tempral reslutin & lw cst Issues - spatial hetergeneity & sensr placement (e.g. tilled fields) Scale gap between hydrlgical mdels & satellite prducts Satellite remte sensing: near-surface sil misture ver large areas Issues - discntinuus, carse, limited penetratin depth, sensitive t surface cnditins, high cst COSMOS: spatially averaged, intermediate scale, cntinuus Mre relevant t mdels, eddy cvariance, satellite data prducts http://www.acclima.cm/ https://csms.ceh.ac.uk/ http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/images/
COsmic-ray Sil Misture Observing System Explits inverse relatinship between fast neutrn intensity & near-surface water cntent (specifically hydrgen) Near-surface neutrn intensity (cunt) is a functin f prductin by csmic rays & their mderatin (thermalisatin) by surrunding H atms Gas (He 3 r BF 3 ) discharge tube (CRS) detects reductin (increase) in fast neutrns as SM (H) increases (decreases) CRS calibrated in situ t cnvert frm neutrn intensity t vlumetric sil water cntent (m 3 m -3 ) Zreda et al., COSMOS: the Csmic-ray Sil Misture Observing System (2012) Hydrlgy & Earth System Science. 16: 4079-4099
COsmic-ray Sil Misture Observing System Image surce: Schrn et al.(2015). Mnitring envirnmental Water with Grund albed Neutrns and Crrectin fr Incming COSMOS Rays with Neutrn Mnitr Data. The 34 th Internatinal Csmic Ray Cnference, 30 th July t 6 th August 215. The Hague, The Netherlands
Calibratin: Sil Sampling & analysis 108 sil samples frm 18 lcatins frm 6 depths Vlumetric sil water (& bulk density) by ven drying at 105 C fr 36 hurs Lattice & bund water (incinerated at 1000 C) SOM & SOC by lss-nignitin Acknwledgement: Dr James Blake, CEH Franz et al., 2012, Zreda et al., 2012
The COSMOS-India netwrk Acknwledgement: Hllie Cper, CEH.
Standalne COSMOS-India statins Singanallur, Alfisl September 2015 Madahalli, Alfisl February 2016 IITM Pune, Vertisl February 2017 Henval Valley, Fluvisl June 2017 Neutrn cunts, pressure, temperature, humidity, precipitatin Email based telemetry system
COSMOS & INCOMPASS flux twers Berambadi, Alfisl September 2015 IIT Kanpur, Fluvisl February 2016 UAS Dharwad, Vertisl January 2017 Eddy cvariance, meterlgy & sil physics, COSMOS 3G telemetry system
COSMOS sil misture (m 3 m -3 ) Hurly (pints) & daily means (lines) f COSMOS vlumetric sil water cntent (VWC; m 3 m -3 ) & mdelled effective measurement depth
COSMOS-India: future plans COSMOS-India data centre ~ February 2018 Expanding the COSMOS-India netwrk Validatin & calibratin f EO datasets Integratin f COSMOS-India data with hydrlgical, land surface & meterlgical mdels Example: UPSCAPE Prject, Sustaining Water Resurces (SWR) Prgramme
Example: Validatin f EO datasets Mntzka, Carsten; Bgena, Heye R.; Zreda, Marek; Mnerris, Alessandra; Mrrisn, Rss; Muddu, Sekhar; Vereecken, Harry. 2017, Remte Sensing, 9, 103. 30
COSMOS-India Data Centre Securely managed & centralised data centre based n COSMOS-UK (https://csms.ceh.ac.uk/) Single authritative surce fr COSMOS-India data Autmated & cnsistent prcessing f COSMOS SM Autmated QC, daily plts fr data checking & analysis New COSMOS-India website with real-time graphs
Summary Overview f COSMOS-India netwrk Seven sites acrss India prviding intermediate scale SM bservatins in near real-time Empwer applicatins acrss meterlgy, hydrlgy, agrnmy COSMOS-India Data Centre csms.ceh.ac.uk
Thank yu fr yur attentin Any questins?