ln nlss f Ze nee wh nns nd snns ndn Mdes K Mhesh sh, esh ph nd h b bs- Ths ppe pesens pe nlss f dn pe sln del f he plse-wdh dln PWM ZT nee wkn n bh dsnns ndn de M nd nns ndn de M. The delln s pefed nsden nl esse ld. Inll bef nlss f he nee s pesened nd hen he hess h ke pssble he dn nlss n bh M nd M e enned. The deled nlss f M ehnqe nd enelzed swh en ehnqe s dsssed wh he sll-snl nlss f he ZT nee n M s pesened s h n be sed f pplns sh s be hn b nen he nee wh PV nd MPPT nlle. The sses e deled nd sled n se fendl MT/lnk ennen. The ppe hen nldes whh se s sefl f pen wh phl. Index Tes--eed delln, eed swh del, dsnns ndn de, nns ndn de nd PWM nees.. Indn Vs - nd - pwe nees e sed n nn nne n een es de he pe nd ed pplns h e sn f nknd. The nees he sessfll heed he eqed pwe nesn nd he se e he ffeed fewe hn nd bee pwe f. The ZT - s fh de PWM - nee whh nsss f w nds nd sees p, whh s sees lled fln p. The ZT nee hs s n swh n sees wh he np pwe sppl; bese f hs esn hs nee s sbjeed ee leel f sess n he np en hn he bs fh-de nees lke k PI nees. Theefe he nened nee eeed less enn s ped he he w, b he nee de se pel dnes fees e n enn eenl s desbed b pez 9 nd Pees 994. Ths ppe dssses he w pen des n he nee nd pesens dn pe sln del K Mhesh sh, esh ph nd h b e wh he epen f lel nneen, Nnl Inse f Tehnl, kel-7698,ih.e-l:-hesh.n@l., lsesh@l., bbb@nkl..n. f he ZT nee wkn n M de nd hen he M de. Ths ppe ls es whh ne s sble nd shws bee dn espnse b sln esls dne n se fendl MT/lnk ennen. Ths ppe s nzed wh he pen f he ZT nee wkn n M n en whee he ehnqe epled bn he pnl del s ls dsssed, en 3 fllws wh he nlss f he del n M de, en 4 hen sses he spefn be sed nd ls pes bh he dn espnse f he w des, nd sen 5 ends p wh enel nlsn.. ZT nee n M The ZT nee s fh-de se, sl he PI nee. The nee pl s shwn n Fe. F. d f ZT nee V. es f pen:- V V ssn h he swh sed s del, hen ses f pen f he ZT nee nneed he ld n be nlsed n ppe w. The ld ssed s esse ld. In M hs nee pesens hee ses f pen, whh e epesened shell n Fe. Fs se < < : he e he swh s lsed nd he le s ppled nds nd, he ens nd wll nese lnel wh slpe f / nd /, espeel. The dde wll wk n he eese bs ndn de he eese pl f he se, s n en wll pss hh. Ths, he en n he swh s he s f he en pssn hh bh he nds, nd wll nese he e f /eq, whee eq s he eqlen pllel ndne f he nesn ndne nd he p ndne. s he np le V.
b F.. se b se se 3 pen f ZT nee n M end se < < d: When he swh s pen he dde ns s se n he ndn en. Nw he sed p le wll s np he nds. nsfes he sed ene he pln p, n sl w wks s le se f he ld. Nw he ens nd deese lnel wh slpe / nd /, espeel. The dde fwd- bs en s he s f he ens nd, nd deeses lnel wh slpe /eq. The en wll deese nl he dde en ehes ze. 3 Thd se d < < T: e he exnn f dde en he dde wll behe s n pen nd ll h e ls he swh ens pen. The pln p en s nsn nd eql he p nd en, whh hs he ppse den f he nezn nd en, sn he le he nds be eql ze.. Tnsfe hes:- The nsnnes s n f he ZT nee n M n be expessed s he fnn f nsnnes d le d nd s pee h depends n he dde ndn e nd he swhn feqen s enned b Mns nd b 8. V V Whee eq f Ths hes ples lne elnshp beween he np nd p le. Hee f s he swhn feqen nd s he ld essne, eq s he eqlen pllel ndne le f he nezn ndne nd he p ndne. s enned ele hs nee n be deled b enelzed swh en ehnqe whee well knwn dels deed f M n be sed f M nlss b nldn n ddnl swhn newk hh feedbk whh s shwn belw. The se spe en ehnqe ld be sed s s sed f he nees b n he M nlss s ded bese s less e, he esn ben h he nee nsfe fnn s dependen n he pe f ld whh s e del f pble. F. 3. Genelzed whn en ehnqe In he be fe efes np he nee whh s fnn f np le, efes p, s he p f he swhn newk, s he nl np whh s fnn f nsnnes d le d, s he fnn f se ble nd he ndependen np f he nee. The swhn newk ehd s bsed n he ee swhn deln pph b pen 989 nd n he lss- fee ess del, ppsed b ne 99. dn hs, he swhn del n be expessed s bnn f lss fee ess del n de ele beween he np nd he p pee b he swhn nesn. In se spe he nee f fe n be epesened s whee The be x epesen he eed x e en d le. F lln he sll snl del, 3 n be epesened s 5 whee b pebn nd lnezn eh e s bnn f sed se le nd sll snl n. x 5 x 3 4
Y 5b Ths he sed se sln f he sse s en b 6 nd 7 s he sll snl del h nns he dn beh. Y 6 x x x 7 whee 8 n be bned f swhn whh s fnn f nee le nd nsnnes d-le he qesen pen pn nd he lnezed swhn nesn h n be bned f nd wh n pee k nd k espeel whee k nd k e he fnn f d-le nd nps he qesen pen pn. The eln f µ s en s µµ *k µ *k whee ^ hs been eed f nenene. The les f k nd k n be bned s 9. µ / qesen pn f pen whh s hsen f he sll snl nlss. F sll snl nlss he s hsen be.5. k 3 V k 9 In he be expessn s he lnezed sed se d le le nd *T s he dde ndn e whee T s he swhn e ped. Tkn, nd s he eqlen sees essne f bh he nds nd p espeel nd ppln Khhff s lw f he fs nd send se f pen h s fe nd b espeel he ndexed x e bned. The xes bned e pesened n eqn. The eqns f he s n he w ses e ed n eqn. d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d T [ ] T. [ ] [] pn deln he sse n lnk wh spef eleens he ze nee n be de pee n M. n sln he be del he ph bned s shwn n fe 5.
3. ZT nee n M The pen f Ze nee n M s nlsed wh he help f swhn newk Fs. 4, 4b. In hs de he en hh he nd nee bees ze nd he pees nnsl. The fs se bens when he swh s ned n, he eqlen f whh s nded n F. 4. The ens n bh he nds se lnel wh le ss s enned befe. The send se bens when he swh s ned ff. The eqlen s shwn n F. 4b. In hs de, s he ps he hh he nds, s nd ens s deesn n lnel whh s he bs nep f M. The M s n nees when he nd en p le pple s le enh se he swh en le eese pl. Ths phenenn s ded n M. b F. 4. e b e pen des n M.Mdelln n he M de In he M de he d le s eled he p nd np le s en belw VT 3 V VT Ths n be wen s I VT 4 I V T F desnn n PWM swhn el fs hn s dede he nd pple en, ΔI PP, nd hs pple en s nln f np en wh se n pee. The pple en s deded dn leble en fln n he ld sde. The nezn ndne s n pn f n dedn he de f pen. The de f pen depends pn he eqlen ndne eq, whh s he pllel bnn f he nezn ndne nd n p ndne. F x ld he eqlen ndne s ssf he fllwn ndn. If hs eln s n ssfed hen he wld ene dsnns de. eq < 5 f Nw he p nd, whh hs dependen e he swhn feqen, pple en, np le nd d le n be fnd b V 6 fδi PP eq 7 eq In he be eqn V s he np le, s he d le, f s he d le whle he sbl s f he llwble pple whh f se we he ssed be %. ln he be w eqns he le f he nds n be fnd. The p nd hs snfn effe n p le pple. he p p s seleed n he bss f hs pek--pek pple n p le V s V 8 ω Δ V le le f np p f sed n ds he np en wef s he hh le p wll se le n f ee ene nd whh nn be fed he np sppl de he pesene f ndenl dde n he send se f pen. Ths s eqed hse sll le f n np p f sed. fe ll he pees e bned he del n be delled sn lnk. Nw sne n dsnns se s ben nled n hs de he pes enelzed swhn se spe nlss s n needed. The dn espnse bned pn delln s shwn n fe 6. 4. ln esls nd sssns T nlse he ele ps nd ns f he w dels he dn espnse f he w dels wee ped sne ndes whh se s bee f ld flns. ep np ws en bh he dels whee he le ws V ll.3s nd hen he np le f 34V ws ppled. The phs f ld le bned e shwn belw. The pees ken e bled n fe 7. lev 6 4 8 6 4.5.5.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Tes x -3 F. 5. n espnse f ZT nee n M de f d.75
V lev 5 35 5 9 75 6 45 3 5 :.49 Y: 44..5.5.5 Tese 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 x -3 F. 6. n espnse f ZT nee n M de f.8 I s qe le h he dn espnse n he M de s qe d.in he M de he p qkl sblses n sdden hnes n ns M whh kes e e sblse. Ths s bese M n s nsfe fnn hs h hlf plne ze whh enhnes nsbl de ex phse. p f he ph he bee espnse f M s fhe senhened b he f h he lp n hs w ples n M whh kes penll nsble f feedbk s ppled whle M hs nl ne ple whh kes nl nndnll nsble. 5. NIN espe he bee dn espnse f he nee n M he M de enjs he dne f eldn bee effen. Fhe he I pek nd V pek s lw n he swh sess n he M whh ens he swhes sed n be less expense. Hene dependn pn he ppln be sed ZT nee n be sed n ehe f he de s eqed. F exple whee ld fln s e lke phl pnel ed d s enl se he nee n M de. [] Mns,.., b, I. 8. leôn de Pên: neses - áss Nã Islds. 3h ed., h s dn. [] Mddlebk,.. nd k, 977 Genel Mdfed pph Mdelln whn nee- Pwe ses. Inennl Jnl f lens l. 5, pp 5-55. PPNI: T- PMT F IMTIN pnen efnn Vle n M Vle n M V Inp le 34 V 34 V V T p le 45 V 45 V f whn khz khz Feqen d essne 5 h 5 h l f Mnezn Indne. h. h f p Indne. h. h Mnezn 9H 85 H Indne p Indne 69H H pln 68nF 68 nf pne p pne 46 nf 8 nf FN [] Henqe F. pez, es Zllnn nd enn Ve e Fennd. ds es, Phl pnels d-ed b Ze nee. [] ksn.w 997. Fndenls f Pwe lens. Inennl Thsn Pblshn. pen V. 989 plfed nlss f PWM nees sn he Mdel f PWM wh. I nsn n espe nd len ses. l. 6, N. 3. [3] n Vhhh nd hnn nlksnnsn. n Mdeln f Ze nee wh e pe en Tehnqe. Peedns f TI-N 8. [4].. Mns nd G. N. de be, ppln f he ZT nee n swhed-de pwe spples, n P. I Pwe nesn nfeene, 993, pp. 47-5. [5] h nh, Mh wl, nd njee wed nlss, esn, nd Ipleenn f nle-phse Pwe-F eed - Ze nee wh Hh Feqen Isln. [6] Jn n, nel M. Mhell, Mhew F. Geel, Phlp T. Ken, nd hd M. ss, eed Mdeln f PWM nees pen n snns ndn Mde. [7] Pees, ; Mns,.. nd b, I. 994. ZT nee ppled n pwe f en.i Pwe lens pelss nf., pp.5-57 [8] ne. 99. elzn f lss-fee esse leens. I Tnsn n s nd ses. l. -37, N., pp 54-6. [9].. Mns nd G. N. de be, ppln f he ZT nee n swhed-de pwe spples, n P. I P, 993, pp. 4-.