Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOES

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Transcription:

Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOES

VOLCANOS Three Types of Volcanos Shield Cinder Cone Composite

LAND FORMATIONS FROM LAVA & ASH Shield Volcano Created by hot spots Gently sloping Cinder Volcano Steep Cone-shaped hill/mountain Composite Volcano Tall, cone-shaped mountain Alternating layers of ash and lava

SHIELD VOLCANO http://www.earthonlinemedia.com/images/lithosphere/vol canism/shield_volcano_2.gif

SHIELD VOLCANO http://www.earthonlinemedia.com/images/lithosphere/vol canism/shield_volcano_2.gif

CINDER CONE Ecuador volcanoes, Guagua Pichincha volcano Ash cinder and bombs erupt explosively to form a cone shaped hill http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=as_xl3nu_my&nr=1&feature=endscreen

COMPOSITE http://facweb.stvincent.edu/academi cs/pathways/science/volcanoes.htm Quiet eruptions alternate with explosive forming layers of lava ash. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1u1ys4m5zy4

WHAT IS A VOLCANO? A weak spot in the crust where molten material, or magma, comes to the surface Magma- molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases & water from the mantle Lava- Magma that reaches the surface

WHERE ARE VOLCANOES LOCATED? Volcanoes can be found: Diverging Plate boundaries (mid-ocean ridge) Converging plates with subduction zones Oceanic plate vs. oceanic plate Oceanic Plate vs. Continental plate Hot Spots Area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust like a blow torch Example: Hawaiian Islands

WHAT IS THE RING OF FIRE? Ring of Fire A circular pattern located around the pacific ocean along the plate boundaries where volcanoes are more common

RESULTS OF VOLCANOES Are constructive: add new rock to existing land form new islands Can be destructive explosive eruptions changes the landscape of and around the volcano

ERUPTIONS Why do volcanoes erupt? Less dense magma seeps upward through cracks and creates volcanoes Gas in the magma is trapped and builds pressure Closer it gets to surface the less pressure it has and the gases separate (bubbles) Gases dissolve on the surface and magma is carried out

TYPES OF ERUPTIONS 2 types: Quiet Lava moves steadily and easily Explosive Thick, sticky lava plugs vent like a cork and builds up pressure Explodes and releases pyroclastic flow Volcanic ash: fine, rock particles Cinders: pebble sized particles Bombs: baseball to car sized particles

LAND FORMATIONS FROM LAVA & ASH Shield Volcano Created by hot spots Gently sloping Cinder Volcano Steep Cone-shaped hill/mountain Composite Volcano Tall, cone-shaped mountain Alternating layers of ash and lava

SHIELD VOLCANO http://www.earthonlinemedia.com/images/lithosphere/vol canism/shield_volcano_2.gif

CINDER CONE Ecuador volcanoes, Guagua Pichincha volcano Ash cinder and bombs erupt explosively to form a cone shaped hill http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=as_xl3nu_my&nr=1&feature=endscreen

COMPOSITE http://facweb.stvincent.edu/acade mics/pathways/science/volcanoes.h tm Quiet eruptions alternate with explosive forming layers of lava ash. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1u1ys4m5zy4

WHERE ARE VOLCANOES LOCATED? Volcanoes can be found: Diverging Plate boundaries (mid-ocean ridge) Converging plates with subduction zones Oceanic plate vs. oceanic plate Hot Spots Area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust like a blow torch Example: Hawaiian Islands

TYPES OF ROCKS PRODUCED Type of lava produces different types of rocks Slower Flowing, Thicker, sticky, lighter colored Rhyolite, Pumice, obsidian flows readily, dark colored basalt

SILICA CONTENT DETERMINES ROCK High Silica thicker, sticky, lighter colored Rhyolite, Pumice, Obsidian Low silica lava flows readily, dark colored Basalt

TYPE OF FLOW Quiet vs. Explosive determined by Percentage (amount) of silica (material made from the elements oxygen and silicon)

STAGES OF A VOLCANO Active: (live) erupting or has shown signs that it may erupt In the near future Dormant: (Sleeping) is not currently erupting but may/can erupt in the future Extinct: (dead) unlikely to erupt again

OTHER VOLCANIC ACTIVITY Hot springs Groundwater is heated by near by magma rising to the surface and collects in natural pools

OTHER VOLCANIC ACTIVITY Geyser Rising hot water and steam that gets trapped underground and builds pressure until it sprays to the surface

VOLCANO GAMES http://w4.nkcsd.k12.mo.us/~mkurbin/ptrevgm s.htm

LAND FORMATIONS FROM LAVA & ASH Lava Plateaus Lava moves far from the volcano before cooling which forms high plateaus Calderas Huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain All magma has been emptied leaving a hollow shell that collapses

LAND FORMATIONS FROM MAGMA Volcanic Neck: magma hardens in the volcanoes pipes and the soft rock wears away Dike: magma that was forced across rock layers hardens and the soft rock wears away Sill: magma that squeezed between rock layers hardens and the soft rock wears away

LAND FORMATIONS FROM MAGMA Batholith Mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools in the crust Dome Mountains Rising magma is blocked by horizontal rock layers and forces the rock layers to bend upward into a dome shape and then the soft rock wears away

T= VOLCANOES PERIOD 2 TYPES (Landforms) -- Shield - layers of lava- gradual hill - quiet -- Composite Quiet/Explosive layers ash and lava -- Cinder Cone Quick Formation - Explosive LOCATION (s) -- Hot Spots -- Ring of Fire (Convergent Boundary) -- Divergent Boundary (MOR-Mid Oceanic Ridge) -- Island Arc (Convergent oceanic/oceanic boundary) LAVA FLOW -- Pyroclastic Flow Cinder, Ash, Rock, Pumice, gases -- Pahoehoe fast low silica- low viscosity -- Aa slow moving, high silica high viscosity

TYPES AND LOCATIONS OF VOLCANOES There are three different types of volcanoes. They are shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface. A composite volcano is the most common volcano and its eruptions can be loud and explosive or quiet. A cinder cone is one that explodes cinders, ash and bombs. It grows quickly. Volcanoes can be found at hot spots, at convergent boundaries such as the ring of fire, and at divergent boundaries such as the mid oceanic ridge. Island Arcs can be formed when two oceanic plates converge. Awesome volcanoes form at various locations and they vary size and type.

T = VOLCANOES (CON T) (PERIOD 2) What determines Lava Flow? -- Viscosity -- Silica -- Temperature -- High Viscosity High Silica, low Temp --Low Viscosity Low Silica, high Temp ROCKS Formed (less important) *(usually high silica = lighter rock ) -- Pumice Light and airy- from explosive eruptions(high silica content) -- Obsidian more dense and smooth (cools quickly- explosive eruptions) -- Basalt low silica lava flow (Pahoehoe) -- Rhyolite high silica content -- granite high silica content

T= VOLCANOES CON T (PERIOD 2) PARTS OF A VOLCANO -- Stomach Magma Chamber Hot Magma -- Esophagus Pipe regurgitation of magma -- Throat throat -- Mouth - Vent -- Ears Side Vent -- Opening around vent - Crater -- Ash Cloud -- Lava Flow

T= VOLCANOES CON T Life Cycle -- -- --

PARAGRAPH ON VISCOSITY (PERIOD 2) Tuesday - Write 5 complete sentences regarding the viscosity of lava flow. HINT 1 What determines it! 2 What causes low viscosity? 3 What causes high viscosity? 4 What type of lava flow has high viscosity? 5 What type of lava has low viscosity Flow is determined by viscosity. Viscosity is determined by silica and temperature. Low amounts of silica causes low viscosity. Higher amounts of silica causes higher viscosity. Lower temperatures cause higher viscosity. Higher temperatures cause lower viscosity. Pyroclastic flows are high in viscosity. Pahoehoe and Aa have lower viscosity. Pahoehoe is less viscous than Aa. As you can see, some lava flow vary in viscosity.

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