Measurements of Household Dust Concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs from a Community in Michigan, USA Lynn Zwica, MS The University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA School of Public Health Institute for Social Research College of Engineering Center for Statistical Consultation & Research August 21, 2006
Authors Lynn Zwica, MS Kristine Knutson, MPH Tim Towey, MS Elizabeth Hedgeman, MS, MPH Al Franzblau, MD Qixuan Chen, MS Shih-Yuan Lee, MS Cami Sima, MS Brenda W. Gillespie, PhD Peter Adriaens, PhD, PE Avery Demond, PhD, PE Jim Lepkowski, PhD, MPH Barb Lohr Ward, MBA Kathy Ladronka Kristen Olson, MS Jennifer Sinibaldi Shu-Chi Chang, PhD Danielle Gwinn Scott Swan, MS David Garabrant, MD, MPH Financial support for the study comes from The Dow Chemical Company through an unrestricted grant to the University of Michigan. University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 2 August 21, 2006
UMDES Study Objectives Determine the factors that explain variation in serum congener levels of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs, and quantify how much variation each factor explains Household dust concentration was included in the list of potentially explanatory factors to investigate. Five regions were studied: Midland/Saginaw Floodplain, Midland/Saginaw Near Floodplain, Midland/Saginaw Out of Floodplain, Midland Plume, and Jackson/Calhoun (Midland/Saginaw = M/S; Floodplain = FP) University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 3 August 21, 2006
Method for Household Dust Collection Vacuum sampling (HVS3): cyclone and filter system capable of capturing 99.95% of particles above 0.3 μm aerodynamic mean diameter Samples were collected from living areas including living rooms, family rooms, dining rooms, and kitchens Samples were collected from both hard and soft surfaces but preferentially collected from soft surfaces University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 4 August 21, 2006
Method for Household Dust Analysis Attempted to collect at least 10 grams of dust One composite sample collected from each home Samples were sent by overnight delivery to Alta Analytical Laboratory and analyzed for the WHO designated 29 PCDD, PCDF, and PCB congeners using HRGC/HRMS TEF Values: WHO 1998 Results were weighted by survey sampling probabilities University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 5 August 21, 2006
Number of Household Dust Samples University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 6 August 21, 2006
Household Dust Samples Below the Limit of Detection (LOD) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Dioxins Furans PCBs 77.5 69.4 61.3 53.7 31.9 32.6 24.5 19.6 14.3 9.8 8.0 9.2 5.0 2.4 0.1 0.0 1.4 0.3 0.0 1.8 0.1 2.2 0.0 1.6 2.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.9 2378 TCDD 12378 PeCDD 123478 HxCDD 123678 HxCDD 123789 HxCDD 1234678 HpCDD OCDD 2378 TCDF 12378 PeCDF 23478 PeCDF 123478 HxCDF 123678 HxCDF 123789 HxCDF 234678 HxCDF 1234678 HpCDF 1234789 HpCDF OCDF PCB 77 PCB 81 PCB 105 PCB 114 PCB 118 PCB 123 PCB 126 PCB 156 PCB 157 PCB 167 PCB 169 PCB 189 Percentage of Samples Below the Limit of Detection More than 20% of 2378 TCDD, 12378 PeCDD, 123478 HxCDD, 12378 PeCDF, 123789 HxCDF, 1234789 HpCDF, and PCB 169 samples were below the limit of detection. University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 7 August 21, 2006
Distribution of Dioxin, Furan, and PCB Congener Concentrations in Household Dust Dioxins Furans PCBs University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 8 August 21, 2006
Distribution of Household Dust TEQ Concentration Mean Minimum Median Maximum 41.9 ppt 1.5 ppt 17.3 ppt 1745 ppt XXXXX XXXXX XXXXX XX University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 9 August 21, 2006
Contribution of Each Congener to the Total TEQ in Household Dust Dioxins Furans PCBs University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 10 August 21, 2006
Contribution of Each Congener to the Total TEQ in Household Dust Dioxins Furans PCBs 1234678 HpCDD, PCB 126, 123678 HxCDD, 12378 PeCDD, 23478 PeCDF, and 2378 TCDD are the largest contributors to the household dust TEQ values. University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 11 August 21, 2006
Contribution of Each Congener to the Total TEQ in Household Dust Dioxins Furans PCBs 2378 TCDF, PCB 118, and PCB 156 are also of interest because of the upper end of their distributions. University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 12 August 21, 2006
Household Dust TEQ Concentration by Region Median Concentrations 10000 17 PPT 12 PPT 19 PPT 35 PPT 14 PPT 1000 100 10 Congener Concentration (PPT) 0 M/S FP M/S Near FP M/S Out FP Midland Plume Jackson/ Calhoun University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 13 August 21, 2006
Contribution of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs to the Total TEQ in Household Dust by Region Contribution to Total TEQ (%) Dioxins Furans PCBs Region 1: Midland/Saginaw FP 2: Midland/Saginaw Near FP 3: Midland/Saginaw Out FP 4: Midland/Saginaw Plume 5: Jackson/Calhoun University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 14 August 21, 2006
Household Dust TEQ Values versus House Perimeter Soil TEQ Values by Region DUST SOIL M/S FP M/S Near FP M/S Out FP Midland Plume Jackson/ Calhoun University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 15 August 21, 2006
Previous Household Dust Studies Reference (Location) Congeners Analyzed N TEQ Version Mean (pg/g) Range (pg/g) Comparing the 17 Dioxin and Furan Congeners Berry 1993 Wittsiepe 1997 (Germany) O Conner 2005 (MS, USA) UMDES (MI, USA) 17 Ds & Fs I-TEF/89 WHO/98 Comparing the 29 Dioxin, Furan and PCB Congeners Saito 2003 (Japan) UMDES (MI, USA) 17 Ds & Fs 17 Ds & Fs 17 Ds & Fs 29 Ds, Fs, & Ps 29 Ds, Fs, & Ps 2 10 14 764 5 5 764 I-TEF/89 I-TEF/89 I-TEF/89 WHO/98 WHO/98 WHO/98 8.3 12 101 25.2 20.3 34.2 27.2 15.6 16.0 41.9 NA 7.83-332 2.3-63.6 1.3-53.7 1.0-1761 1.2-1743 8.6-26.0 5.9-30.5 1.5-1745 University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 16 August 21, 2006
Conclusions about Household Dust Data The major contributors to the overall population s household dust TEQ are: 1234678 HpCDD, PCB 126, 123678 HxCDD, 12378 PeCDD, 23478 PeCDF, 2378 TCDD Household dust contamination was evident in all five regions Congener contributions differed between regions The Midland Plume has an increased contribution to the TEQ from dioxins compared to all other regions The M/S FP has increased contribution to the TEQ from furans Household dust is consistently higher than house perimeter soil in all regions except for the Midland Plume UMDES household dust levels are generally higher than what has been shown in previous dust studies University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 17 August 21, 2006
Additional UMDES Household Dust Data In Poster Session A, Poster Area 2: Poster 102 Principal Components Analysis of Household Dust Concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs from a Community in Michigan, USA Poster 103 Methods for Sampling and Analyzing Household Dust for the University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Poster 104 Predictors of Household Dust Concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs in a Community in Michigan, USA University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 18 August 21, 2006