EO-1 SVT Site: TUMBARUMBA, AUSTRALIA

EO-1 SVT Site: TUMBARUMBA, AUSTRALIA

Background Tumbarumba Tumbarumba Study Area is located in Southern NSW, Australia. (E 148º 15' S 35º 45') and covers 5, hectares of publicly owned Forest Gently undulating plateau topography, falling off into deep valleys and escarpments Tall eucalypt forests (> 4m) containing a range of species and productivity ranges. Cool to cold moist sub-alpine climate (Mean daily max/min for Winter (July) of 8.2 C /.5 C and summer 26. C and 1.6 C respectively). Mean annual rainfall from 68-18mm.

Background Site of long term forest sustainability studies by CSIRO. Eddy Flux Correlation tower in the study area (CSIRO Land and Water). Large database of additional geographic data: including coverages of climate, soil, imagery and predictions of productivity from modelling. CSIRO Research Team consist of: Phil Ryan, Heather Keith, John Raison, Partap Khanna, Kris Jacobson, John Smith, Peter Leppert and John Lamour.

HYPERION DATA COLLECTION FEBRUARY 21 14 forest plots were established covering range of eucalypt species and productivity. Field Program Dr Nicholas Coops (CSIRO) Dr Steve Dury (CSIRO) Kris, John, and John (CSIRO) Dr Mary Martin (UNH) Dr Scott Ollinger (UNH) Dr Marie Louise Smith (UNH) Dr Jay Pearlman (TRW) ASD was provided by Dr Alex Held and Guy Byrne

Hyperion Background Spectral Range.4 2.5 µm Spatial Resolution 3m Swath Width 7.5 km Spectral Resolution 1nm Total Number of Bands 22

Field Program Plots were measured to coincide with EO-1 overpass. Basal area, individual tree diameter and stocking was measured. Two dominant trees of each major species were identified and two upper canopy branches excised using a rifle. Current and previous year foliage were identified & leaf samples picked/stored

Field Program Canopy total leaf area was estimated: using camera-based point quadrat sampling technique with a 35-mm camera with telephoto lens. hemispherical photography using HEMIVIEW and a camera and lens that computes canopy geometry, LAI, gap fraction and gap distribution in canopy. and LICOR 2 plant canopy meter.

Field Data Results Fresh leaf-based Reflectance was recorded: Leaves were stacked six layers deep. Spectra from an ASD FieldSpec FR spectroradiometer (35-25nm, spectral bandwidth =1.4 nm and spectral resolution of 3 1nm). Ten reflectance measurements were averaged to obtain mean spectra using a white reference spectralon panel. Foliar Chemistry Leaf samples were dried and ground and analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients using NIRS. In addition, wet leaf chemistry was used to determine foliage chemistry in CSIRO labs. Leaf Nitrogen and Phosphorus concentrations was determined as well as cations (Calcium, Iron, Potassium, Magnesium, Manganese and Zinc).

Field Data Results.8.7.6 AA MG SG BL Reflectance.5.4.3.2.1 Reflectance.8.7.6.5.4.3 35 85 135 185 235 Wavelength PM SB VM BX BG.2.1 35 85 135 185 235 Wavelength Mean spectra for 9 major overstorey species in the study area

Field Data Results Leaf Area Index of Plots 4 3 BG PM PM2 Plots 2 1.7.8.9 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2. 2.1 2.2 LAI (Camera Method) BMP3 AA BW MG AA MG PM MG SG BMP4 SG2 Proportion of LAI by species per plot estimated using Camera Method

Field Data Results Leaf Area Index Comparison LAI (camera method) 3 2.5 2 1.5 1.5 y =.87x +.2 R2 =.68 Strong relationship between the two methods of LAI estimation at all EO-1 plots..5 1. 1.5 2. 2.5 3. LAI (Hemi-View) LAI (LICOR 2) 3 2.5 2 1.5 1.5 y = 1.2x -.8 R2 =.72..5 1. 1.5 2. 2.5 3. LAI (Hemi-View) Excellent relationship between HEMI-VIEW results and LICOR-2 at Calibration plots

Imagery HYMAP airborne hyperspectral imagery was obtained over the site on 31 st March 21. HyMap provides imaging spectrometer data in the near, shortwave and middle infrared in 1-2 bands with a bandwidth of 1-2 nm at 3m spatial resolution.

Imagery A number of EO-1 HYPERION images were collected over Tumbarumba from December 2 June 21. Imagery coincident with field program was covered in scattered cloud Cloud free image obtained December 25 th 2, April 1 st 21 and May 21 st 21. These are the images being analyzed by CSIRO CLW, FFP and UHN.

Imagery Landsat-7 ETM imagery (geo-corrected) obtained on 25 th December 2 (matching cloud-free EO-1 HYPERION scene) Ground Control Points selected on both images for registration of HYPERION Landsat ETM (25 th December 2)

Imagery EO-1 HYPERION ATREM / Geocorrected image (25 th Dec. 2) with 14 forest plots located

Subsets of EO-1 HYPERION ATREM / Geocorrected image (25 th Dec. 2), True color, IR False Color,, MIR False Color.

36 38 4 42 44 46 48 5 1 16 31 46 61 76 91 16 121 136 151 166 181 196 211 226 241 256 mean_raw data mean_post processing.e+ 2.E+6 4.E+6 6.E+6 8.E+6 1.E+7 1.2E+7 1 17 33 49 65 81 97 113 129 145 161 177 193 29 225 241 var_raw var_post processing 125 13 135 14 145 15 155 16 165 1 16 31 46 61 76 91 16 121 136 151 166 181 196 211 226 241 256 mean_raw data mean_post processing 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 17 33 49 65 81 97 113 129 145 161 177 193 29 225 241 var_raw var_post processing 519nm 136nm TUMBARUMBA Cleaning Imagery

Wavelength 3 25 2 15 1 Sg2 Sg1 SB2 SB1 PM2 PM1 BMP8 5.4.9 1.4 1.9 2.4 Reflectance Wavelength 3 25 2 15 1 BMP4 BMP3 BMP1 BM16 BL2 BL1 Bm118 5.4.9 1.4 1.9 2.4 Reflectance EO-1 HYPERION spectra extracted for each plot location

1.8 1.5 Current Year Previous Year N Concentration (%) 1.2.9.6.3. SG2 SG1 SB2 SB1 PM2 Pm1 BMP8 BMP4 BMP3 BMP1 BM16 BL2 BL1 BM118 Plots.18.15 P Concentration (%).12.9.6.3 Current N and P % Concentration status of the plots. SG2 SG1 SB2 SB1 PM2 Pm1 BMP8 Plot BMP3 BM16 BMP4 BMP1 BL2 BL1 BM118

Correlation Coefficient N vs Spectra 1.8.6.4.2 -.2 -.4 -.6 -.8-1.4.6.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 Wavelength 1 N vs Derivative.8 N vs Absorbance.5.4.3.2.1 -.1.4.6.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 -.2 -.3 -.4 -.5 Correlation Coefficient.6.4.2 -.2 -.4 -.6 -.8-1.4.6.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 Wavelength Correlograms the December 2 image: Spectra, First Derivative Spectra and Absorbance (1/log(R) against N

N vs Derivative 1.8.6 Correlation Coefficient.4.2 -.2 -.4 -.6 -.8-1.4.6.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 Wavelength Correlations generally match foliar chemistry expectations and other studies: 164 nm covers N-H absorption and has been correlated in most studies with leaf N Correlations around 21 211nm cover the protein/nitrogen bands 268 nm was the most important band in NZ scrub vegetation for protein Absorption at 7nm range is related to chlorophyll concentrations which is highly correlated with proteins & nitrogen. 75 nm is often used for chlorophyll peaks in fresh leaves. P (blue lines) at 154, 1598 and 168 match other leaf based eucalypt results (Dury and Turner 1999).

MLR Regression Results. Constituent SEC N R 2 Nitrogen (3 wavebands) Phosphorus (3 wavebands).124 14.76.21 14.37 1.7 1.5 Observed Nitrogen Concentration (%) 1.3 1.1.9.7.6.8 1. 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 Predicted Values from HYPERION 3 waveband MLR

PLS Regression Results. Constituent (All PLS with 3 factors) Nitrogen Nitrogen (Old leaves) Phosphorus N R2 SECV Mean %N Range 14.87.124 1.234.811 14.87.133 1.187.81 14.27.26.98.98 SECV: Standard error of the cross validation statistic 1.6.12 Predicted N (%) HYPERION PLS (Dec 2) 1.4 1.2 1.8.6.4.2 Predicted P (%) HYPERION PLS (Dec 2).1.8.6.4.2.5 1 1.5 2 Observed N Concentration (%).5.1.15.2 Observed P Concentrations (%)

Future Work Continue to analyze data around tower site Link the predation of leaf Nitrogen into eco-physiological models of the area Compare leaf nitrogen content to current soil fertility GIS layers of the area Compare spectra of HYMAP at the 14 plots Compare NIRS derived chemistry with wet chemistry Apply analysis to other cations Continued analysis of the May 21 scene and October 21 with new leaf chemistry data

Photograph by Jay Pearlman (21)