WARM UP 1) Criss Cross these elements to create neutral compounds a) sulfur and sodium b) calcium and hydroxide 2) Write the Lewis dot diagram for CaBr 2 (hint: always think about bond type first) 3) a)is the molecule PH 3 polar or non polar? b)when it bonds to itself what type of intermolecular force holds it together?
CHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE Naming compounds
FILL IN THE TABLE BELOW Type of Bond Representative Unit What bonds? (M, NM, MD) How do they bond? (hint: electrons) Example Ionic Covalent Metallic You have 5 minutes for this activity. Look through your notes, compare to your neighbor (after you are done).
Type of Bond Representative Unit What bonds? (M, NM, MD) Ionic Formula unit Metal Nonmetal How do they bond? (hint: electrons) Transfer electrons Covalent Molecule Nonmetals Share electrons Metallic Atom Metals Free delocalized electrons Example CaBr 2 BaSO 4 NH 3 H 2 S H 3 PO 4 platinum Silver
NOMENCLATURE
CHEMICAL FORMULA TELLS TWO THINGS: 1. Letters elements in the compound 2. Numbers (subscripts) number of atoms of each element Example: Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 is composed of elements and a total of atoms.
Binary compounds: compounds with two elements (NaCl or CO 2 ) Ternary compounds: compounds with three (or more) elements (NaNO 3 or H 2 SO 4 ) Contains a polyatomic ion (covalently bonded ion) list of polyatomic ions can be found in reference packet
IONIC NAMING
GENERAL INFO Ionic compounds are represented by formula units (simplest combining ratio between ions in a compound)
NAMING BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS 1. Write the name of the cation (positive ion). 2. Write the name of the anion (negative ion) changing the ending to ide.
PRACTICE Try these out in your notes. KCl Potassium Chloride NaF Li 2 O Al 2 O 3 Ca 3 N 2 CsI Ca 3 P 2
MORE NAMING RULES (USING TRANSITION METALS) Transition metals must have the roman numeral included that represents their oxidation number (charge). Write the name of the cation first. ***DO NOT USE a Roman numeral for Ag +1 or Zn +2 but DO USE one for Pb (+2/+4) and Sn (+2/+4)**** Write the name of the anion second. Change the ending to -ide
NAME THESE COMPOUNDS 1) CuO 2) Cu 2 O 3) ZnS 4) PbS 5) Fe 3 N 2 6) NiCl 2
WRITING FORMULAS FOR BINARY IONIC 1. Write the symbol for the positive ion(cation). 2. Write the symbol for the negative ion(anion). 3. Criss-cross the numeric part of the charge to use as subscripts (This balances the charge) 4. Simplify if needed (ONLY FOR IONIC COMPOUNDS!) 5. Check to see if positive = negative Reminder: In an ionic compound the cation is always written FIRST
PRACTICE 1)Aluminum sulfide 2)Lead (II) oxide 3)Lead (IV) oxide 4) Barium selenide 5) Calcium phoshide 6) Silver fluoride
NON BINARY (TERNARY) IONIC Definition: metal/cation with a polyatomic ion Can have more than 3 elements Polyatomic ion: any covalent molecule that gains or loses electrons to have an overall charge **Treat the polyatomic ion as a unit. Place it in parentheses unless its subscript is one. DO NOT change any of the polyatomic ion s subscripts or you will destroy its identity.**
POLYATOMIC IONS A covalently bonded group of atoms that have a charge. You can find these on your reference table.
NAMING TERNARY IONIC 1. Name the cation (use Roman numeral if needed) 2. Name polyatomic ion (DO NOT CHANGE ENDING!!!)
PRACTICE 1)BaSO 4 2) NH 4 OH 3)AlPO 4 4)Sr(NO 3 ) 2 5)V 2 (SO 4 ) 5 6) Cu 2 CO 3
WRITING TERNARY (PAI) 1. Write the symbol of the cation 2. Write the symbol of the anion (most likely a polyatomic ion, make sure to write the correct subscripts) 3. Criss-cross oxidation numbers (charges) for subscripts (if the subscript for the poly is greater than one, the poly MUST be in parenthesis) 4. Reduce if needed FORMULAS
PRACTICE 1) Aluminum sulfate 2) Sodium nitrate 3) Tin (IV) phosphate
START WORKING ON HOMEWORK Reminder there is a quiz on Monday! Completing your HW will make this quiz MUCH MUCH easier Happy WEEKEND!!!
NOMENCLATURE RACE!!! Get out a piece of paper! In your table groups work together. First group to get all of the answers correct wins!
FIRST RACE!! Give the name. NaBr Li3N Ag3N2 CaO MgBr2 Be(OH)2 NaNO3 CaCO3 Mg(OH)2 AlPO4 NH4Cl Al2O3 Give the Chemical Formula. Lithium sulfate Aluminum Chloride Sodium Nitrate Ber yllium phosphide Calcium chloride Magnesium acetate Ammonium chloride Nickel (II) phosphate Manganese (II) carbide Copper (III) sulfate Iron (II) nitride Aluminum Oxide
WARM UP QUIZ IS AFTER WARM UP 1) Name the following: a) CuCl 2 b) Fe 3 N 4 c) MnO d) K 2 O e) Li 2 SO 4 2) Write the formula for the following names a) Lead (IV) sulfide b) Calcium fluoride c) zinc nitrate
COVALENT NOMENCLATURE
NAMING BINARY MOLECULAR Use prefixes to indicate the number of atoms of each element Mono 1 Hexa 6 Memorize These Di 2 Hepta 7 Tri 3 Octa 8 Tetra 4 Nona 9 Penta 5 Deca 10 Do not begin a name with mono All other substances must have a prefix Second substance ends with ide
EXAMPLES 1)CO 2)CO 2 3)P 2 O 5 4) P 4 O 10 5)N 2 O
WRITING BINARY MOLECULAR FORMULAS The prefix system tells you the subscript for each element. Write what it tells you!! If no prefix is given for the first element, remember it is mono. DO NOT REDUCE THESE COMPOUNDS!!!
1)Nitrogen monoxide EXAMPLES 2) Dinitrogen pentoxide 3) Sulfur trioxide 4) Heptasulfur hexafluoride
LAB ACTIVITY! We will use the Ipad and the App ChemApp to practice naming Ionic Nomenclature! This lab is due on Wednesday 3/9. Rules for the Ipads 1) Be nice to them! We want to use them again 2) Do not change any setting, background etc 3) Only access the ChemApp today, no other application or Safari needs to be used
WARM UP QUIZ IS AFTER THE WARM UP 1) Name these compounds a) N 2 O 7 b) Mg 3 N 2 c) Fe(OH) 2 c) O 3 F 6 2) Write the compounds for these names a) Lithium phosphate b) pentasulfur dibromide c) Yttrium (IV) nitrate 3) What is wrong with these? a) Monoxenon tetrafluoride c) Pb 2 O 4 b) Zinc (II) iodide d) ONa 2
NOMENCLATURE PRACTICE https://goo.gl/cx4xio
ACIDS What is an acid? An aqueous solution of hydrogen compounds **For now it is a compound that starts with an H followed by a nonmetal or polyatomic ion, excluding water found in the aqueous state** *Will learn a better definition later in semester* Two types of acids: 1. Binary: only has a hydrogen and a nonmetal 2. Ternary: has a hydrogen with a negative polyatomic ion (usually contains an oxygen)
NAMING & WRITING FOR BINARY ACIDS Name: (HX ) always are named hydro ic acid Formula: Write H and the symbol for the non-metal For the subscripts: you will need to do the criss cross method to ensure the charges cancel out to be zero
EXAMPLE 1)HCl 2)HBr 3)H 2 S 4)Hydroiodic acid 5) Hydrofluoric acid
NAME AND WRITE TERNARY ACIDS Name: (H(polyatomic ion)) named after polyatomic ion If the polyatomic ion s name ends in -ate, the acid s name ends in ic If the polyatomic ion s name ends in ite, the acid s name ends in ous Formula: Write H and the formula of the polyatomic ion (including subscripts) Be Sure to check your charges using the cross cross method to ensure all charges total to equal zero!
EXAMPLES 1) Sulfurous acid 2) Sulfuric acid 3) Nitrous acid 4) Nitric acid 5) HClO 6) HClO 2 7) HClO 3 8) HClO 4
HYDRATES
WHAT IS A HYDRATE? Hydrate: crystalline compound to which a specific number of water molecules are chemically combined Anhydrous: without water; heating a hydrate breaks the weak bond between the ionic compound its waters; water evaporates
TO NAME: 1. Use the rules for ionic compounds to name the first of the compound 2. Use a molecular prefix to indicate the number of water molecules attached 3. End the name with hydrate
EXAMPLES 1)MgSO 4 * H 2 O 2)CaCrO 4 *2H 2 O 3) Cu(NO 3 ) 2 *3H 2 O 4) CuSO 4 *5H 2 O
TO WRITE THE FORMULA: 1. Write the symbol for the cation and symbol of the anion 2. Criss-cross oxidation numbers for subscripts 3. Reduce if needed 4. Put a dot after your ionic compound 5. Put the correct coefficient in front of a water molecule
EXAMPLES 1)Copper (II) chlorate hexahydrate 2)Iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate 3)Barium hydroxide octahydrate 4)Sodium carbonate decahydrate
SECOND RACE! Write the name. Si 3 N 4 PI 3 NBr 5 HC 2 H 3 O 2 HNO 2 H 2 CO 3 HNO 3 H 2 SO 4 N 2 S BF 3 SF 6 I 4 O 9 Write the formula. Phosphorus acid Dinitrogen monoxide Diodine dichloride Di hydrogen monoxide Hydrosulfuric acid Nitrous acid Acetic acid Sulfuric acid Tribromine nonatelluride
PUTTING IT TOGETHER Binary Ionic Ternary Ionic Binary Covalent Binary Acid Ternary Acid Hydrates How will you tell the difference when you just have a big list of formulas? How will you tell the difference when you just have a big list of names?