26,12(3) :4-45 Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,,,, (, 27118) : 15 N 15 N, 15 N,, 5215 %, 3412 % 85 %, 15 % ; 7212 %, 2718 % ; 3113 % 15 N 15 N, SPAD, N 225 kg/ hm 2 : ; ; 15 N ; ; ; : S66814 ; S66 : A :18-55X(26) 3-4- 6 Effect of nitrogen application on nitrogen absorption, distribution and yield of Stra wberry PENG Fu2tian, ZHANG Qing, J IANG Yuan2mao, PENG Yong, ZHOU Peng ( College of Horticulture Science and Engineering of Shandong Agricultural University. Taian 27118, China) Abstract : Pot experiments were conducted to examine the effects of nitrogen application time and rate on nitrogen absorp2 tion and distribution using labeled 15 N isotope technique. The treatment applying N at fix planting and before anthesis with half dose got the highest nitrogen utilization rate equivalent to 5215 % ; while the nitrogen utilization rate of the treat2 ment applying N before anthesis with full dose was the lowest being 3412 %. The ratio of N2distribution in various organs existed significant difference when fertilizer was applied at different stages. The ratio of N2distribution of nutritive organs to genital organs was 517 to 1, while the ratio was 216 to 1 when N was top addressed with half dose at fix planting and before anthesis. Top addressing N before anthesis could increase the N distribution rate of genital organ significantly equivalent to 3113 %. By all appearances, the absorption and distribution of 15 N were transfused with the change of or2 ganic centre of strawberry. The competition ability of genital organs on 15 N at the later growing period was higher than nu2 tritive organs. Field test results indicated nitrogen application influenced significantly nitrate concentration and SPAD reading of ripe leaf. Applying N with dose of 225 kg/ ha by means of top addressing at fix planting and before anthesis with half dose separately could accelerate blossom buds differentiation and get the highest forepart and total yield of straw2 berry. Key words : strawberry ; nitrogen application ; 15 N ; absorption ; distribution ; yield : 25-8- 1 : 25-11- 15 : (3571286) : (1969 ),,,
3, : 41,, [1 ],MAT- 25 15 N 15 N 15 [2-3 ] 112 15 N, 6m 8m ph 712, 12 g/ kg, 915 mg/ kg, 3618 mg/ kg, 18512 mg/ kg 1 ( Toyonoka) ( 1) 3 111 23 9 2 kg, 8 kg,9 12,1 23cm, 17cm, 15 9 31 kg : ph 718,1,1 14 g/ kg 9611mg/ kg 317 mg/ kg 216 mg/ kg 4 :. 15 N 2, (9 5 ) (N 14 g/ pot) ;. (1 23 9 24 3,, N 225 3 kg/ hm 2 3,, 215m 715m, 66617m 2 3 kg,,12, 3 2 ) (N 14g / pot) ;. ( (1 3 ) (11 6 N 12 g/ pot) ;. ( ) N 13 g/ pot) 6 15 N- 12, SPAD, [4, 118 % 3 ] 1, 5, 1 ( N kg/ hm 2 ) Table 1 Treatments of nitrogen fertilizer application in field experiment Treatment code Treated time A B C D E F G Applying at fix planting (12 Sep) 15 11215 3 225 Applying before anthesis(2 Oct) 3 225 15 11215 2 211 15 N [5 ], 15 N 15 N 7212 %, (6817 %) ( ) 2, ( 2) Ndff % 15 N,, 85 %, ( ) 15 % ;, 15 N, 3113 % ;,
42 12 2 15 N ( ) Table 2 Effect of N treatment on 15 N distribution and utilization rate in stra wberry( Pot exp. ) Treatment Organ Dry wt. (g/ plant) Total N Ndff Ndff (mg) N N N distribution rate N utilization rate I Root 1512 118 118 2916 1812 C 714 Crown 1513 21 1819 581 3517 A 1415 Leaf 1213 218 1416 514 311 B 1216 Flower 315 317 1215 1614 111 D 411 Fruit 515 118 811 81 419 E 21 Plant 5119 16214 416 B II Root 1118 119 112 2218 1617 D 517 Crown 1317 116 1418 3214 2317 B 811 Leaf 111 215 1514 3818 2814 A 917 Flower 51 219 1718 261 191 C 615 Fruit 414 216 1417 1618 1213 E 412 Plant 451 13618 3412 C III Root 1119 21 1313 3116 151 D 719 Crown 1719 118 1519 5112 2414 B 1218 Leaf 1513 217 1617 6818 3218 A 1712 Flower 713 313 1519 3814 1813 C 916 Fruit 612 214 1314 21 915 E 51 Plant 5816 211 5215 A IV Root 1313 211 1412 3916 1616 C 616 Crown 2512 21 1415 7312 317 B 1212 Leaf 1719 218 1816 931 3819 A 1515 Flower 413 315 1619 2512 116 D 412 Fruit 119 216 1518 718 313 E 113 Plant 6215 23818 3918 B : 11 6 P < 11 21 Ndff % = 15 N %/ 15 N % 1 31 Ndff (mg) = (g) N Ndff % 1 41 = Ndff (mg) / Ndff (mg) 1 51 = Ndff (mg) / (mg) 1 Notes : 11 Data in the table is average of 6 replications. The letter following the data of N distribution rate show the difference of different organs in the same treat2 ment. The letter following the data of N utilization rate show the difference of different treatments. Different capital letters stand for P < 111 21 Ndff % = 15 N atom excess in plant/ 15 N atom excess in fertilizer 31 Ndff (mg) = Organ dry weight (g) organ N concentration Ndff % 1 41 N distribution rate = Ndff (mg)of certain organ / Ndff (mg) of plant 1 51 N utilization rate = Ndff (mg)of plant/ fertilizer application amount (mg) 1 (5215 %) ; 15 N, 15 N (416 %) ; (1216 %) (917 %) (3412 %) ( 2),, 15 N (, ), 15 N, 15 N ( 2), 15 N
3, : 43 212 4, ( ) N SPAD 11215 kg/ hm 2, ( 3) F G, E 1 F G E 2 % ; A B C E, E ( 1), F G SPAD B C D E, D E 1, D Fig. 1 Effect of nitrogen treatment on differentiation E, SPAD of flower bud Treatment NO 3 - ( g/ g,fw) NO 3 - Concentration 3 SPAD Table 3 Effect of N treatment on leaf NO - 3 concentration and SPAD reading Growth period SPAD SPAD reading NO 3 - ( g/ g,fw) NO 3 - Concentration Blooming and fruit set period SPAD SPAD reading A 23212 ed 4513 dc 18914 ed 4415 dd B 2314 ed 4418 dc 2813 aa 481 bcb C 23411 ed 451 dc 27115 ba 4813 bb D 29812 cb 521 bcab 27811 aa 511 aa E 25116 dc 5113 cb 24918 cb 4812 bb F 32518 aa 5411 aa 24816 cb 4714 cb G 3112 ba 5214 bab 22514 dc 4712 cb : P < 11 P < 15, Note : Different capital and small letters stand for P < 11 and P < 15, respectively. The same as below. 4 ( kg/ m 2 ) Table 4 Effect of N treatment on stra wberry yield Treatment code Item A B C D E F G Yield before spring festival 48415 fd 6243 ec 63115 ec 8481 bb 9753 aa 6669 dc 813 cb Yield after spring festival 6597 fe 7566 ed 777415 dd 153 bb 1647 aa 956515 cb 973615 cb Total yield 114115 ff 1389 ee 1476 ee 18534 bb 24 aa 1623415 dd 1783915 cc
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