Experimental test of gravitational inverse square law at short range? Jiro Murata (Rikkyo University) 2013/2/6 ACP Seminar, Kavli-IPMU Research Background : Particle and Nuclear Physics Exp. Table-top Gravity Exp. 1
Experimental Constrains Deviation from Newtonian Gravity (Newton = 1) excluded area J. Murata 2012 Upper Limits nuclei atom mm Earth moon Interaction Range Existence of Gravity Confirmed
Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) Measurement : Apollo-11, 1969 s~0.00000001% @ 1000km 10 10 Dickey, Science 265 (1994) 482
Satellite / Planets Kepler Orbit : LAGEOS-NASA (1985) Smith J. Geophys. Res. 90 (1985) 9221 Moon - LAGEOS Earth - LAGEOS Planet s Kepler Orbits s~0.00001% @ 1000km 10 7 LAGEOS Planets
Tower Measurement : BREN tower 465m, Nevada, 1989 mg 10 3 s~0.1% @ 1km Thomas PRL 63 (1989) 1902
Torsion Balance Measurement : UC Irvine 1985 10 3 s~0.1% @ 1km Hoskins PRD 32 (1985) 3085
Torsion Balance Measurement : Cavendish 1797 Cavendish G 11 3 2 ( 6.75 0.05) 10 m / kg / s Determination of the Earth s mass -> constant G 7
Nano-tech Measurement s Casimir Force s~10 28 @ 100pm s~10 11 @ 100nm Nesvizhevsky PRD 77 (2008) 034010 Decca PRL 94 (2005) 240401 anti-protonic atom s~10 8 @ 1micron Lamoreaux PRL 78 (1997) 5 1 28 10 @ ~ 1um s~400% @ 0.1mm Long Nature 421 (2003) 922
Interaction Strength between quarks/leptons J. Murata 2012
Large Extra Dimension Model (ADD) 1998 Quantum Gravity atom J. Murata 2012
Possible Searching Window of the ADD gravity J. Murata 2012 Violation of Newtonian inverse square law is expected at 0.1mm, assuming unification scale of 1TeV with d = 2
Prologue : PHENIX exp. at RHIC QCD physics : spin structure of protons Quark-gluon Plasma 12
Prologue : PHENIX Muon Tracking Chamber 1999~2001 Three Stations of Cathode Strip Chambers Optical Alignment System Required Chamber Position Resolution 25micron Thermal Deformation, etc. ~ 100micron 13
RHIC-PHENIX Optical Alignment System to Pico precision Displacement Sensor PHENIX-OASys Optical Alignment System ~50nm resolution Focal Image on CCD Muon Momentum Resolution PHENIX Muon Tracker ~ 5m size chambers Monitoring thermal Deformation < 25um Applicable to Short Range Gravity Exp.? Under-G Student Experiment at Rikkyo University Murata, NIMA 500 (2003) 309; Murata, IEEE Nucl. Sci. CR675 (2005)
Starting Point of the Rikkyo-Newton exp. 2003 Wide Dynamic Range, Precision Position Measurement Extremely weak force measurement, by observing displacement In cm scale, Gravitational Force ~ 10nN Displacement ~ 1nm (1m pendulum) 1nm > Resolution! Takahashi, Miyano, Tsuneno 2003 15
Newton-0 exp. 2003 1 st Step Exp. Using 1m long Pendulum Measured Result 16 Gravity Signal? -> maybe tilting
Newton-I, II Torsion Balance Experiments 17
Movie File Image Analysis Ninomiya, J. Phys. CS189 (2009) 012026
2 nd year of Newton-I 2006 Yazawa, Sato 2005 Hata, J. Phys. CS189 (2009) 012019 19
Small Scale, Legacy, but unique and powerful tool: Torsion Balance Bar NEWTON Experiment (2009) F ~ 100pN 20 weight of 10um water cubic
J. Murata 2011
J. Murata 2011
Attractor Position J. Murata 2008 Top View of the Torsion Balance Bar 23
J. Murata 2008 Top View of the Torsion Balance Bar 24
Results from the Newton Torsion Balance Experiments J. Murata 2012 Murakami, JGRG22 (2013) submitted
Eot-wash experiment : University of Washington (2006) s~100% @ 60micron Kapner, PRL 98, 021101 (2007) J. Murata 2010 J. Murata 2010
Gravity Signal Search at LHC-ATLAS Quantum Black Holes arxiv:1103.3864 3864 MD >3.67 TeV MD >1.37 TeV Micro Black Holes M ATLAS-CONF-2011-068 Monojet PLB 705 (2011) 294 MD >2.3 TeV 27
Collider vs Laboratory Test Planck Energy Lower Limit it M D 2. 3TeV LHC Limit : Max. MD ~ 14/3TeV = 5TeV Λ 450 m Extra-dimension Size Upper Limitit J. Murata 2013 Planck Mass Modification in ADD M Λ 2 2 n n n pl M D 4 di 4+n dim. Scale (n = number of ed) Λ 60 m M D 6. 3TeV Extra-dimension Size Upper Limitit Planck Energy Lower Limitit
Searching Large T-Violation at TRIUMF, Canada Searching T-Violating in Electron Transverse Polarization T-Violation < 0.1% Murata, J. Phys. CS312 (2011) 102011
PRL 106, 221101 (2011) MTV-G exp. : Searching Large Geodetic Precession
MTV-G exp. : Strong Gravity Search at Nuclear Scale Gravity may not be possible to be ignored x 10 ~20-30? J. Murata 2012
Measurement = R-Correlation Search of P-odd & T-odd New Interaction Beta Decay Rate Required Components Production Measurement Measurement Pol. Nuclei Electron Momentum Electron Trans. Pol. Zero or Non-Zero?
MTV-G Result J. Murata 2012 Tanaka, J. Phys. (2013) submitted
MTV-G : Theoretical Challenging Ω G 3 GM r 3 2 0 r v 1. Relativistic spinning particle 2. Orbital motion is not gravitational free fall (Coulomb Scattering) 3. Microscopic (~100fm)
MTV-G : Next Generation Experiment 2012 ~ Cylindrical Drift Chamber Newton-IV
Rikkyo Achievements and Newton-IV goal J. Murata 2013
Test of Weak Equivalence Principle : Composition Dependence of G Cu Al Ninomiya, J. Phys. (2013) submitted 37
Book for General Readers Warped Passages Lisa Randall, S. Mukohyama, 2007 Extra ra-dimension and Violation of Inverse Square Law Kodansha, Jiro Murata, 2011
2011 MTV-G Start! probing extra raa-dimension n Nikkei i - Science, Jan, 2013
Playing with Gravity is a great fun! Let s enjoy together! Tower Measurement (undergraduate exp.) at Tokyo Skytree, Jan 2013