evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm cöv_wgk we` vj qi QvÎ-QvÎx `i Rb
evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm cöv_wgk we` vj qi QvÎ-QvÎx `i Rb M elyv I welqe cwikíbv gyn ` mv n` gvneye PŠayix mwjbv myjzvbv W. BmwZqvK mvenvb RvbœvZzj di `Šm cvðzwjwc cö_g Lmov: wiwgb wd ivr wøzxq Lmov: cvifxb ikx` mgš^q gyn ` mv n` gvneye PŠayix
fvlv m úv`bv kl mv ivqvi nv mb AjsKiY kl Avmv`y¾vgvb cö`vqk G. R. Gg. Rvevq`yi ingvb mv qe gv: Avnmvbyj Iqv n` Avmgv cviwfb Avey bv mi gvnv v` mvwgdj AvRv` mwjbv myjzvbv RvbœvZzj di `Šm mäq ivq gv: Bgivb nvmvb W. Av bvqviv emg kjx wpîv¼b d qr DwÏb gay KvwbR iæwg kvbiv dvbiær PŠayix Kvgiæ¾vgvb cvifxb ikx` Dc `óv W. c~wy gv Wwim P Ævcva vq-`ë BkwZqvK DÏxb Avng` KwcivBU 2014, Deutsehe Gesellschaft für International Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH & IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature gy`ªy cö MÖwmf wcö Uvm cöv: wj:
gyleü evsjv `k GKwU cövk wzk `y h vmcöey `k `kwui fš MvwjK Ae v bi Kvi Y cövk wzk `y h v Mi cöfve w`bw`b e o P j Q RbmsL vi AvwaK, AcwiKwíZ bmivqb, ebf~wg DRvo n q hviqv, myôz b`x e e vcbvi Afve, Rjevqy cwiez bi cöfve Ges gvby li Ávb I m PZbZvi NvUwZi Kvi Y GB mgm v mg qi m ½ cöku n Q ZvB cövk wzk `y h v Mi g Zv RvZxq mgm v gvkv ejvi Rb Ávb-m PZb I cöwkwÿz niqv Lye Riæwi evsjv ` k wewfbœ cövk wzk `y hv M KewjZ GjvKvq emevmiz RbMY, wk v_ x I wk K `i `y h vm wel q m PZb Ges `y h vm gvkv ejvq cvi`kx Kivi D Ï k German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) Gi A_ vq b, Deutsehe Gesellschaft für International Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH -Gi mnvqzvq, Coastal Livelihoods Adaptation Project (CLAP) cök íi AvIZvq IUCN KZ K GKwU M elyv Kvh µg nv Z bqv nq `yb eq ii ewk mgq a i wewfbœ cwikíbv, Abykxjb, jvkr Ávb msmön, wkÿv_x I RbM Yi mv _ wbweofv e KvR Kivi wfwë Z wkÿv_ x `i Rb GB ebwu cökv ki D ` vm bqv n q Q cövk wzk `y h vmcöey GjvKv jv Z gvvchv q _ K Z_ I DcvË msmön Kiv n q Q, GQvovI wkÿv Kg KZ v, wkÿk, wkÿv_x, AwffveK, cökvm bi wewfbœ Awa`ß ii Kg KZ v `i mv _ Av jvpbv, Kg kvjv I mfvi gva g ebwui cvv m~wp wbe vpb Kiv n q Q Ôevsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vmõ ebwu K wkÿv_x `i Kv Q AvKl Yxq I MÖnY hvm Kivi Rb cöpzi Qwe mwbœ ewkz Kiv n q Q h jv Z isabyi mvzwu is Gi e envi Kiv n q Q bvwukv, Mí I grvi grvi Ljv mwbœ ek Kiv n q Q Zv `i cövyeší ivlevi Rb, hv ebwu cv V Zv `i Drmvn hvmv e- GgbUvB cöz vkv ebwu wkÿv_x `i g b cixÿv cv ki fxwz ˆZwi Ki ebv, Kbbv Abykxjbx jv ˆZwi Kiv n q Q wkÿv_x `i AwZ cwiwpz cwi e ki mv _ mvgäm i L wkÿke ` gvbe Ub Ki eb Zv `i Abykxj bi avivevwnkzv ` LB KvRwU my `i, wbqgzvwš K I myôzfv e m úbœ Kivi Rb me Abykxjbx K iæz w` q wkÿv_x `i GKwU we klfv e ˆZwi Wvqwi `qv n e Gme Abykxj bi gva g Zviv wb R `i K `y h vm gvkv ejvq `ÿ K i Zzj e Ges `y h vm gvkv ejvq cwievi I cöwz ekx `i K Z_ I civgk w` q mn hvwmzv Ki Z cvi e eb cökvkbvb GB M elyv Kv Ri kl K_v bq GB eb jv wkÿv_x `i KZUzKz Kv R jvm Q Zv GK eqi ch eÿ Yi ci cybivq g~j vqb I m úv`bv Kiv n e ebwu cvv`v bi KŠkj m ú K wkÿk `ii cöwkÿ Yi e e v Kiv n e ebwu ` ki me wkÿv_x `i Kv Q cuš Q `qvi Rb mikvi, cökvmb, `y h vm welqk we klá Ges wkÿvi mv _ RwoZ me Í ii gvby li m ½ KvR Kiv n e cöwzwu wkÿv cöwzôv b wkÿv_x `i nv Z GB ebwu Zz j `qv I fwel Z cörb K cövk wzk `y h vm gvkv ejvq cö Z K i Zvjvi Dci GB M elyvi mv_ KZv wbf i Ki e Avgiv Avkv KiwQ wkÿke ` ebwui Zvrch I cö qvrbxqzv Abyfe K i wkÿv_x `i g a m PZbZv ˆZwii cvkvcvwk mswkøó GjvKvi bvmwik Rxe b Gi e env ii Póv Ae vnz ivl eb me k l ebwu wkÿk, wkÿv_ x Ges mgv Ri me gvby li `y h vm m úwk Z m PZbZv evov Z mn hvwmzv Ki e Ges AvMvgx cörb K `y h vm welqk Ávb Avni Y AvMÖnx K i Zzj e GB cöz vkvb KiwQ ebwui gvb Dbœq b h Kvb ikg civgk mv` i MÖnY Kiv n e W. c~wy gv Wwim P Ævcva vq-`ë wcöwýcvj A vwfvbrvi Kv vj jvbfwjûwm A vw vc Ukb cö R± wravb RW
K ZÁZv ^xkvi evsjv `k `wÿy-c~e Gwkqvi Dbœqbkxj `k jvi g a GKwU cöwzeqib Kvb bv Kvb cövk wzk `y h vm GB `kwu Z AvNvZ nv b cövk wzk `y h vm gvkv ejv K ib cöwzwbqz Avgv `i eu P _vk Z nq we k i Rjevqy cwiez b I Zvi ÿwzki cöfve hfv e e o P j Q Zv Z cövk wzk `y h v Mi fqvenzv Av iv cökuzi nevi m vebv i q Q welqwui iæz I cö qvrbxqzv we epbv K ib GB ebwu cökv ki D ` vm bqv n q Q mv úªwzk mg q cövk wzk `y h vm wb q h me cökvkbv i q Q Zvi cövq meb Bs iwr fvlvq, ZvB mgv Ri GKwU weivu Ask GB Ávb AvniY _ K ewâz n Q ZvQvov wkÿv_ x `i Ávb AR b I `y h vm gvkv ejvq wb R `i cö Z Kivi Rb Dchy³ eb qii Afve i q Q cövk wzk `y h v Mi mwvk I ev Íe Z_ Ges AbykxjbB cv i cövk wzk `y hv Mi fqvenzv _ K ` ki ÿwzi gvîv K cökwgz Ki Z wkÿv_x `i eqm we epbv K i ebwu mnr evsjvq cöväj I evamg fvlvq ipbv Kiv n q Q gvvchv qi Z_, cwi e ki mv _ Lvc L q eu P _vkvi jvkrávb, cökí ev Íevq bi ev Íe AwfÁZv I ` ki ez gvb cöÿvcu we epbvq i L GB cökvkbv K ev Íem Z I hy Mvc hvmx Kivi wbišíi Póv Kiv n q Q cökvkbvwui mvwe K cwikíbv, mskjb, m úv`bv I M elyv, mnr cvv ipbv, mywpwšíz gzvgz I w`k wb ` kbv, evsjv UvBc I gy`ª Yi Kv R hviv mn hvwmzv K i Qb Ges ebwu Z Qwe Avi is-zywji Quvqvq hviv cöwzwu Aa vq K cövyeší K i Qb Zv `i K AvšÍwiKfv e ab ev` Rvbvw Q Avgiv cök íi AvIZvfz³ `kwu Rjv- cuzqvlvwj, ei bv, wmivrmä, mvzÿxiv, h kvi, KzwoMÖvg, mybvgmä, XvKv, K evrvi I PÆMÖvg-Gi Rjv I Dc Rjvi wkÿv Kg KZ v, vbxq cökvm bi Kg KZ v, vbxq RbcÖwZwbwa, zj e e vcbv KwgwUi m`m, wkÿkgûjx, AwffveK I cökí GjvKvq Kg iz mn hvmx ms v- AviwWGd, BbwmwWb evsjv `k, I qf dvd Ûkb, GwWGgwW I MY ^v K `ª-hv `i mn hvwmzv I Drmvn Avgv `i AbycÖvwYZ K i Q Zv `i K K ZÁZv Rvbvw Q mevi AKzÉ mn hvwmzvib GK Abb D`vniY GB cökvkbvwu ebwu m úv`bvq Avgiv mzk _vkvi Póv K iwq ZviciI wkqz wkqz fzj _ K h Z cv i ebwui gvb Dbœq b wkÿkwkÿv_ xmn mkj myü`q cvv Ki h Kvb mgv jvpbv I civgk Avb `i mv _ MÖnY Kiv n e we` vj qi wkÿv_ x `i cövk wzk `y h vm wel q wkwÿz Kivi gva g Zv `i cwievi I GjvKvi RbMY K cövk wzk `y h vm wel q m PZb Kivi D Ï k Ô Kv vj jvbfwjûwm A vw vc Ukb cö R±Õ Gi AvIZvq ebwu cökv k Avw_ K mnvqzvi Rb Rvg vb mikv ii Kv Q Avgiv AvšÍwiKfv e K ZÁ BkwZqvK DÏxb Avng` Kvw Uª wi cö Rw UwUf AvBBDwmGb evsjv `k Kvw Uª Awdm
m~wpcî f~wgkv 1 Aa vq-1: gvbyl I cövk wzk cwi ek 3 gvbyl I cök wz 3 m~h -c w_ex m úk 3 evqygðj 5 evqygð ji iæz 5 wmöbnvdm 6 wmöbnvdm M vm 7 wmöbnvdm M v mi Drm 7 wmöbnvdm M v mi cöfve 8 AvenvIqv, FZy I Rjevqy 9 Aa vq-2: `y h vm I evsjv `k cöm½ 12 evsjv `k cwiwpwz 12 evsjv ` ki Rjevqy Ges FZy 13 `y h vm Kx? 14 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 15 eb v ev cøveb 15 N~wY So Ges R jv Q vm 16 f~wgk ú 17 b`xfvob 18 Liv I giækiy 19 jeyv³zv e w 20 f~wgaÿm 20 Kvj ekvlx 21 U b Wv 22 mybvwg 22 Rjve Zv 23 Rjevqy cwiez bi d j m ó cöfve 24 c ôv bs
mgy`ªc ôi D PZv e w 24 Zvc`vn 25 AwZe wó 26 Amg q e wó 26 Aa vq-3: `y h vm cö wz 30 `y h vm cö wz ej Z Kx eysvq? 30 `y h v Mi SzuuwK Kgv bv 30 `y h vm cö ywz: `y h v Mi c~ e, `y h v Mi mgq Ges ciez x Z KiYxq 33 mvb K vb wcö cqvw bm cövmövg (wmwcwc) 34 `y h vm mzk ms KZ cöpvi 34 N~wY So c~e vfvm Ges KiYxq 35 AbymÜvb Ges D vi 36 cwievi ch v q `y h vm cwikíbv 37 Riæwi ev cö Z ivlv 39 wkjøv: `y h v Mi mgq cï i v 40 Aa vq-4: Awf hvrb I cökgb KŠkj 42 Awf hvrb 42 Awf hvrb hvm grm Pvl 42 b`x ev mgy `ª `y h vmcxwoz grm Rxex `i AvZ i v 43 DcK jxq meyr eóbx 44 DcK jxq AÂ ji Rb Dc hvmx MvQ 45 Awf hvrb hvm Pvlvev` 46 cökgb KŠkj 48 bevqb hvm kw³ 49 Aa vq-5: w` Uzj wku 50 c KU-1: `y h vm welqk Ávb AR b 50 c KU-2: wbivcëv 54 c KU-3: Lvevi I cvwb 57 c KU-4: Riæwi e vm 59 c KU-5: Riæwi ^v e e v 60 c KU-6: Riæwi ^v wpwkrmv 61 c KU-7: QvU wkï `i cwiph v 62 c KU-8: wbivc` evwoi AeKvVv gv (DcK jxq AÂ ji Rb ) 63
f wgkv evsjv `k myrjv mydjv km k vgjv GKwU `k K wl wbf i GB ` ki gvbyl ek cwikögx wkš cök wzi weiƒc cööfve cövqb `L Z nq Avgv `i eb v, Liv, N~wY So, R jv Q vm, f~wgk ú BZ vw` cövk wzk `y h vm hb Avgv `i Rxe bib GKwU Ask n q M Q ewkifvm mg q GBme NUbvi Rb Rvbgvj I m ú `i cöpzi q wz nq Avi GB Ae v KB `y h vm e j cövk wzk `y h vm K cöwz iva m e bq wkš `y h v Mi d j h q wz nq, Zv c~e cö wzi gva g A bkuvb Kwg q Avbv m e ebwui gva g Zvgiv cövk wzk `y h vm m ú K Rvb e Av iv Rvb e Kxfv e `y h vm gvkvwejv K i Zywg cwievi I mgv Ri mevb K wb q wbivc ` _vk Z cv iv G mv, ebwui wewfbœ Aa v qi welqe GK br i R b bb: Aa vq-1: gvbyl I cövk wzk cwi ek- GB Aa v q cök wzi wewfbœ Dcv`vbmg~n, cövk wzk m ú` Ges wbqgbxwz hv gvbyl Ges cövk wzk cwi ek K cöfvwez K i, mme wb q Av jvpbv Kiv n q Q Aa vq-2: `y h vm I evsjv `k cöm½- GB Aa v q evsjv ` ki fš MvwjK cwiwpwz, evsjv ` ki Rjevqy I FZz, `y h vm Kx, `y h vm I SzuwKi g a cv_ K, wewfbœ ai Yi `y h vm m ú K ZvwË K Av jvpbv Ges Rjevqy cwiez bi cöfve wb q Av jvpbv Kiv n q Q Aa vq-3: `y h vm cö wz- GB Aa v q `y h vm cö wz ej Z Kx evsvq, `y h v Mi SzuwK Kgv bv, `y h vm c~e, `y h v Mi mgq Ges `y h vm ciez x KiYxq Kx BZ vw` wel q Av jvpbv Kiv n q Q Aa vq-4: Awf hvrb I cökgb KŠkj- GB Aa v q Av jvpbv Kiv n q Q Awf hvrb I cökgb KŠk ji gva g `xn gqvw` `y h v Mi weiƒc cöfve I djvdj Kxfv e Kgv bv hvq Zv wb q Aa vq-5: w` Uyj e - GB Aa v q e envwik Kv Ri cöwz iæz `Iqv n q Q `y hv Mi wewfbœ Í i KiYxq KvRmg~ ni `ÿzv e w i Rb ev ÍewfwËK Abykxjbx mshy³ Kiv n q Q evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 1
2 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
Aa vq-1 gvbyl I cövk wzk cwi ek gvbyl I cök wz gvbyl cwi e k hv wkqy cvq Zv _ KB m Zvi wb Ri cö qvrbxq DcKiY msmön Kivi Póv K i cwi e ki mv _ Lvc L q gvbyl Zvi Rxebavi Yi Póv K i hvq cöwzwbqz c w_exc ô gvbylmn QvU I eo A bk ai bi cövyx, Dw ` I AmsL ÿz`ªvwzÿz`ª KxU-cZ½ i q Q c w_exi 70 fvm cvwb Avi gvî 30 fvm j (gvwu), GQvovI i q Q evqy ev evzvm Zvgiv Rv bv, evqy ev evzvm n jv ek wkqy M v mi mswgköy Avgiv k vm-cök v mi mv _ Aw Rb MÖnY Kwi Ges Kve b-wvb-a vbw Z vm Kwi köwyi KvR: gvbyl I cök wz wb q GKwU Ljv gvbyl Zvi cöwzw` bi Pvwn`v c~i Yi Rb cwi e ki Dci wbf ikxj Lv`, cvwb Ges MÖnY hvm ZvcgvÎv Qvov gvbyl eu P _vk Z cv i bv m~h -c w_ex m úk m~h Ges m~ h i AvUwU MÖn wb q Avgv `i mširmr Avi Avgv `i c w_ex i q Q m~h _ K `~i Z i w`k w` q Z Zxq b ^ i Zvgiv wbðqb Rv bv c w_exb n Q GKgvÎ MÖn hlv b Rxe bi Aw ÍZ we` gvb evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 3
wpî: mširmr - m~h Ges m~ h i AvUwU MÖn weávbxiv g b K ib c w_ex Ges m~ h i g a Kvi `~iz UvB c w_ex Z Rxe bi Aw Í Z i GKwU Ab Zg KviY c w_ ex m~ h i wbkuez x `yb MÖn eya I ï µi g Zv Lye DËß bq, Avevi `~iezx PZy_ MÖn g½ ji g Zv Lye VvÛvI bq wpî: m~h -c w_exi `~iz (15 KvwU wk jvwguvi) 4 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
evqygðj nvjkv Pvi Í ii evqy c w_ex K Pviw`K _ K wn i i L Q evqyi GB AveiY K evqygðj e j GB evqygð ji Kvi YB c w_ex Z RxebaviY m e n Q evqygð ji cöavb `ywu M vm n jv bvb U«v Rb Ges Aw Rb GQvovI AwZ Aí gvîvq ek wkqy nvjkv M vm i q Q evqygð ji iæz wpî: c w_exi evqygðjxq i evqygðj m~h _ K Avmv m~h Zvc K a i i L c w_ex K Mig iv L evqygðj bv _vk j m~ h i Zvc K a i ivlv hz bv Ges Avgv `i c eu P _vkvi m e n Zv bv m~h iwk i cövq A a K ZvcgvÎv c w_exi evqygð j Ges g N cöwzdwjz n q gnvkv k wd i hvq evwk A a K f~-c ô Ges evqygð j kvwlz nq GB kvwlz ZvcgvÎvB c w_ex K Mig iv L evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 5
wewfbœ cökvi Zvciwk Q o w` q c w_ex VvÛv n q c o wkš evqygðj Zvc a i iv L Avi mrb c w_ex _ K Zvc Lye mn RB gnvkv k P j h Z cv i bv m~h iwk _ K Avgiv kw³ I Zvc cvb GQvov m~h _ K wewfbœ ai bi iwk wbm Z nq, Zvi g a AwZ e wb iwk Ab Zg hv Avgv `i Rb AZ ší wzki h cöwµqv ev c wzi gva g c w_ex Z Rxeb Dc hvmx ZvcgvÎv _v K mb cöwµqv ev c wz K wmöbnvd mi mv _ Zyjbv Kiv P j Avi GB Kvi Y Avgiv c w_exi ZvcgvÎv e w K ÔwMÖbnvDm cöfveõ e j _vwk wmöbnvdm wpî: m~h iwk i c w_ex Z Avmv I cöwzdwjz n q evqygð j wd i hviqvi cöwµqv wmöbnvdm c wzi mvnv h evqygð ji g Zv cwi ek ˆZwi K i VvÐv cöavb `k jv Z wewfbœ dzj, dj I mewr Pvl Kiv nq GB wmªbnvd mi Qv` I `qvj Kvu Pi ˆZwi wmöbnvd mi wfz i m~ h i Zvc AvU K _v K Ges wfz ii cwi ek K DËß iv L, hvi d j km Drcv`b m e nq 6 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
wpî: evqygðj DËß niqvi cöwµqv wmöbnvdm M vm hme M vm c w_ex Z m~ h i Zvc a i i L evqygð ji DòZv e w K i mb M vm jv K wmöbnvdm M vm e j cöavb wmöbnvdm M vm n jv Kve b-wvb-a vbw, bvbuªvm A vbw, wg _b Ges Rjxqev ú evqygðjb n jv cövk wzkfv e GKgvÎ wbf i hvm gva g hv c w_exi Rb me P q AbyK j Ges cö qvrbxq ZvcgvÎv a i iv L wmöbnvdm M vm AvenvIqv, Rjevqy, gvbyl I cövk wzk cwi e ki Dci djcöm~ cöfve we Ívi K i wmöbnvdm aviyv K Kv R jvwm q kxzcöavb `k jv Z Kuv Pi ˆZwi N i wewfbœ dzj, dj I mewr Pvl Kiv nq wmöbnvd mi wfz i m~h iwk AvU K _v K Ges wfz ii cwi ek K DËß iv L, hvi d j km Drcv`b m e nq wmöbnvdm M v mi Drm Avgv `i Avivg-Av qk I DbœZ Rxe bi Rb Avgiv cöwzw`b A bk cökvi R vjvwb wbf i Mvwo, we`y r Drcv`b Ges KjKviLvbvi hš cvwz e envi K i _vwk, hv n Z cöwzwbqz ÿwzki M vm wbm Z nq M vm jv m~ h i Zvc AvU K iv L Ges c w_ex K Mig iv L GB M vm jvi cwigvy e w c j Avgv `i GB c w_ex Av iv ewk DËß n q DV e evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 7
wmöbnvdm M v mi cöfve wmöbnvdm M vm AvenvIqv, FZy Ges Rjevqyi cwiez b NUvq GB cwiez bi d j gvbylmn Ab vb Rxe-Rš gvivz Kfv e wzmö Í nq cwiez b n Q FZzP µi d j dzj duvuv, dj aiv Ges cvwli cvwihvqb BZ vw`i mg q wenœ NU Q MvQcvjv Kve b-wvb-a vbw M vm MÖnY K i Avgiv hlb MvQcvjv wbwe Pv i K U dwj ZLb evqygð j Kve b-wvb-a vb Wi cwigvy e w cvq Rjevqyi cwiez b Rxe-Rš I Dw `i Dci cöfve d j wkqy cövyx I Dw ` Av Q hv mvgvb Rjevqy cwiez b ÿwzmö Í nq D`vniY ^iƒc e v Oi K_v ejv hvq; e vo mvgvb Rjevqy cwiez b wb R K Lvc LvIqv Z cv i bv d j Rjevqy cwiez bi d j e vo c w_ex _ K wejyß n q h Z cv i A bk cövyx Av Q h jv b`x I mvm i emevm K i m jv Rjevqy cwiez bi d j Kvjµ g nvwi q h Z cv i LywK 1t Ò K òp ov, K òp ov Zvgvq ïavb kvb dzu Z Zvgvi n jv `wi, ej e Avgvq Kb?Ó LywK 2t Ò`v`y e j Q K`g dv U, mgq el vkvj Kv_vq wq j cvbwb Lyu R, mgmö Wvj-cvj?Ó cvwl 1t ÒwK n jv fvb, hv Qv Kb wd i Avcb ` k mvb ewiqvi kx Z R g gi Z PvI wk k l?ó cvwl 2t Òï bwqjvg evsjv ` k VvÛv A bk Kg G m `wl AvmvB gv `i n jv weivu åg wk Avi Kiv hvw Q wd i, bb j hv e `gó K òp ovt ÒK òp ov bvgwu Avgvi, UzKUz K jvj dzj Rjevqyi cwiez b me n jv fûzjó K`gt ÒwK ej ev Zvgvq LywK, Avmj h wk Kvj FZy cwiez bi d jb Avgvi n q Q GB nvjó wpî: Rjevqy cwiez bi d j cvwl, dzj Ges cwi e ki Dci ÿwzki cöfve cwijw Z n Q 8 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
AvenvIqv, FZy Ges Rjevqy c w_exi Zvi Kÿc _ N~Y vq bi d j FZyi Avwef ve N U; evqygðj AvenvIqvi m wó K i; AvenvIqvi Øviv Rjevqyi m wó nq AvenvIqv AvenvIqv n Q c w_exi Kv bv GKwU wbw` ó v bi, wbw` ó mg qi Ges wbw` ó gšmy gi cöwzw` bi Y vqx cövk wzk Ae v AvenvIqv wbf i K i evqyi ZvcgvÎv, e wócvz, Av`ª Zv, gn, evqyi Pvc I MwZi Dci GKB w` b I GKB mgq e wócvz n Z cv i, Avevi cvup wk jvwguvi `~ ii Kv bv GK v b AvKvk G Kev i cwi vi _vk Z cv i mkv j Mig Avevi wekv jb VvÛv Abyfe n Z cv i KL bv `Lv hvq kvší my `i mkvjuv `ycyi Mwo q wekv jb wkjve wó Z me G jv g jv K i w` jv FZy `xn mg qi AvenvIqvi AwfÁZv _ KB FZy ev gšmy gi m wó nq FZy c w_exi evqygð ji Dci cöfve we Ívi K i Avgv `i Rxeb K fxlyfv e cöfvwez K i c w_ex m~ h i w` K wkqyuv KvZ n q ev Syu K m~h K cö`w Y K i; Avi G Kvi Y FZyi cwiez b nq evsjv `k lofzyi `k n ji Avgiv cöavbz PviwU FZy MÖx, el v, emší I kxzkvjb `L Z cvb Rjevqy Rjevqy n jv Kv bv v bi cövq 30/40 eq ii Mo AvenvIqv Rjevqy ZvcgvÎv, mgy `ªi mªvz, evqycöevn, f wgi cök wz Ges e wócv Zi Øviv cöfvwez nq AvenvIqvi g Zv Kv bv v bi Rjevqy nvvr K i cwiez b nq bv Rjevqy cwiez b n Z A bk eqi j M hvq Kv bv weivu GjvKvi Rjevqy K AvÂwjK Rjevqy e j c w_exi Mo Rjevqy K wek Rjevqy e j evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 9
bvwukv 1 cvup eüzi eov bvi Mí MxwZ : Avn&! Kx my `i mkvj! evey : GB `L `L! evejy, mgší Avi Avwjqv G Kev i wf R UBU ^yi GB, Zvgv `i eov bv Kgb n jv? Avwjqv : evejy : Avwjqv : mgší : Avwjqv : Avgiv H cvnv o wm qwqjvg GLvb _ K cvup wgwb Ui c_ Avgiv wr c P o cvnv o wm qwqjvg Avgiv cvnv oi P~ov _ K Pviw` Ki ` k Dc fvm KiwQjvg GiB g a nvvr K i gn Avi e wó Avgv `i K c q emj Avgiv Zv wf R GKvKvi! cvnv o Gfv eb e wó Av m Z e Avgiv e wó Z wf R ek grv Kijvg evejy : cvnv oi P ov jv me ïkbv wqj g b nq bv h ILv b Kvj KI e wó n qwqj MxwZ : GLb hw`i Nwo Z ejv 11 Uv wkš m~ h i ZvcgvÎvUv ek Avivg`vqK mgší : g `y evzv mi Rb Z e `ycy ii w` K ZvcgvÎv e o hv e MxwZ : n vu, hw`i GLb MÖx Kvj, AvR Ki mkvjuv Kgb hb em šíi g Zv g b n Q! evey : MZKvj e wó niqvq fv jv n q Q MvQcvjvi me a~jv cwi vi K i w` q Q mkvjuvq ZvB GKUy VvÛv jvm Q MxwZ : MZ ivzwu wqj ek VvÛv d vb eü K i Avwg Kvu_v Mv q w` q ï q wqjvg evey : AvenvIqvi e vcviwu GiKg GLb Zvgvi Mig jvm Q; GLbB Avevi VvÛv jvm Q mkv j AvKvk G Kev i cwi vi I D¾ j; wekv j Avevi AvKvk g N Q q M Q AvR K GKiKg Zv Kvj K Avi GKiKg; Avevi GK mßvn c i Avi GKiKg mgší : Zvgiv KD AvR Ki AvenvIqvi c~e vfvm ï b Qv? AvR hw` e wó nevi Kv bv m vebv bv _v K Z e P jv hvb b`x _ K ewo q Avwm MxwZ : Avwg mvuzvi Rvwb bv ZvB b`x Z h Z Avgvi Lye fq nq, hw` So G m hvq? evey, Avwjqv Ges evejy mevb wg j e j DVj: So! GLb S oi mgq bq MxwZ : (nvm Z nvm Z) wkš e wó n Z Zv cv i! cv i bv? 10 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
bvwukv 2 `yb cöwz ekxi Mí wkwi : ivwrqv Zywg G mq? evwoi cq b P j G mv ivwrqv : jc I Kvu_v iv ` ïkvw Q kx Zi cö wz, kxzkvj Zv G mb coj Rwj I evey! Zviv Kv_vq? GB `L Zv `i `vw` Zv `i Rb Kx grvi cv qk G b Q GBUv fv jv n e hw` el v gšmy gi mu vz mu Z cpv MÜUv iv `i Zv c ewi q hvq Gev ii el v gšmyguv Kb Rvwb GKUy ewk `xn vqx n q Q fv jvb n jv! Avgv KI kx Zi Kvco jv iv ` ïkv Z n e wkwi! Zywg wk GKUv e vcvi j K i Qv Avgiv hlb QvU wqjvg, ZLb Avgiv Avgv `i gv q `i mv _ fv`ª gv m kx Zi Kvco jv K ï Kv Z w`zvg wkwi : n vu! fv `ªi iš`ª, D¾ j ZvcgvÎv wkš GLb Avgiv GUv KiwQ cövq `yõgvm c i, AMÖvnvq Yi G Kev i k l ivwrqv : kx Zi K_v Avi evjbv! MZ Pvi eqi a i Avgiv Zv jc- ZvkK e envi Kiv Q ob w` qwq gvî GKUv gvuv Kvu_v w` q w`weÿ gv Ni `yõ Uv mßvn K U hvq wkwi : el v gšmy gi K_v wk Avi eje, KLbI AwMÖg el v ïiæ n q hvq, KLbI ev el v ïiæ n Z `wi nq, Avevi KLbI ev Pj Z _v K A ±vei gvm ch ší Avgiv AZ ší weiw³ki Ae vi g a c o hvb GLb gv mi w`b Y wvk ivlvb Avgvi Rb ek KwVb n q `vuwo q Q GLv b Avgiv `yõrb `vw`gvi K_v ïbjvg, hlv b Zviv FZyi Zyjbvg~jK Av jvpbv Ki Q, FZy Avmv hviqvi g a wkqyuv mg qi cwiez b G m Q Ges mb m ½ ˆ`bw `b KvR I ixwzbxwzii cwiez b G m Q evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 11
Aa vq-2 `y h vm I evsjv `k cöm½ evsjv `k cwiwpwz evsjv `k GKwU e-øxc GB `k `w Y-Gwkqv AÂ ji DËi-c~ e Aew Z evsjv ` ki cwð g, DË i I c~ e i q Q cöwz ekx ivóª fviz c~e -`w Y i q Q gvqvbgvi Ges me `w Y e½ cvmvmi evsjv ` ki gvu AvqZb 1,47,570 em wk jvwguvi (56,977 em gvbj) GB ` k cövq 700 Gi AwaK b`-b`x Ges Zv `i AmsL kvlv-cökvlv Rv ji g Zv Qwo q Av Q GB ` ki gvwu cövavbz mgzj Z e c~e, DËi-c~e Ges c~e -`w Y mxgv šíi GjvKv jv cvnvwo 12 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
`w Y-Gwkqv A ji cöavb wzbwu eo b`xi `yõwub evsjv ` ki ga w` q cöevwnz GB cöavb b`x `yõwu n jv M½v Ges eªþcyî evsjv ` k M½v b`x cùv Ges eªþcyî b` hgybv b`x bvg aviy K i; c i GKmv _ GB b`x `ywu wgwjz n q cùv bvg aviy K i Ges gnbv b`xi mv _ wgwjz n q e½ cvmvm i wm q c o Q evsjv `k c w_exi Z Zxq e nëg e-øxc we k i me e nr g vb MÖvf eb hv my `ieb bv g cwiwpz, ` ki `w Y DcK jxq A j Aew Z my `ie bi wzbwu vb K wek HwZn c~y vb wnmv e wpwýz Kiv n q Q evsjv ` ki Rjevqy Ges FZy evsjv `k `wÿy Gwkqvi gšmywg evqy cöevn A j Aew Z GB Rb evsjv `k K MÖx gðjxq `k ejv nq GB ` ki Rjevqy n jv bvwzkx Zvò d j MÖx Kv j ` ki Rjevqy n jv Dò I Av`ª Ges kxzkv ji Rjevqy n jv VvÛv I ï evsjv ` ki cöavb wzbwu gšmyg ev FZy n jv MÖx, el v Ges kxz GQvov Av iv i q Q kir, ngší Ges emšíkvj wkš GB FZy jv Y vqx Avgv `i ` k MÖx Kvj gvp gvm _ K ïiæ n q g gvm ch ší vqx nq GB mgq AvenvIqv _v K Mig Ges Av`ª ª MÖx Kv j w`b nq eo Ges ivz nq QvU MÖx Kv j Avg, Rvg, KvuVvj, wjpy, ZigyR, cu c, cqviv BZ vw` wewfbœ ikgvwi wgwó dj d j GB dj jv Lye imv jv Ges Avgv `i ` ni Rb Lye DcKvix GB dj jv Avgv `i cöpzi kw³ hvmvq; cöpzi cwigv Y wfuvwgb Ges LwbR c`v_ _vkvq G dj jv L j Avgv `i ` ni ivm cöwz iva gzv e w cvq el vkvj ïiæ nq MÖx Kv ji c ib el vkvj mvaviyz ïiæ nq Ryb gvm _ K Ges vqx nq A ±vei gvm ch ší GB mgq e wócvz dm ji Rb fv jv ZvB K l Kiv GB mgq e wói Rb A c v K i Avevi AwZ e wói Kvi Y KL bv KL bv hgb eb v nq Zgb Rjve ZvI `Lv `q iv Ív-NvUmn fšz AeKvVv gvi wz nq, gvby li `y f vm e o hvq el vkv j Avgiv mvaviyz QvZv wb q evb i ei nb b f ^i, ww m ^i, Rvbyqvwi Ges deªæqvwi GB Pvi gvm wb q kxzkvj kxzkv j ivz eo Ges w`b QvU nq GB mgq KL bv KL bv kx Zi cö Kvc AZ ší e o hvq ewkifvm mg q iv Zi ejvq Nb Kzqvkv Ges wkwki c o gvbyl wb R `i K kx Zi cö Kvc _ K i v Kivi Rb Mig Rvgv-Kvco, D ji mv quvi, kvj BZ vw` e envi K i kxzkvj n jv eov bv Ges bvbv ikg Drm e g Z IVvi mgq GBme Drm ei g a cšl gjv Ges wcvv Drme D jøl hvm evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 13
`y h vm Kx? `y h vm n jv cövk wzk ev gvbem ó Pig NUbv hvi d j Rvbgv ji e vck q wz mvwaz nq `y h v Mi d j Avgv `i ^vfvwek Rxe bi Dci weiƒc cöfve c o `y h vm h Kv bv v b Ges h Kv bv mg q n Z cv i Kv bv wbw` ó Ae v I cwiw wz Z wec` `y h v M cwiyz n Z cv i cövk wzk h Kv bv NUbv K `y h vm ejv hvq bv hlb Kv bv NUbvi Kvi Y Rvbgvj I m ú `i e vck q wz nq ZLb mb NUbv K `y h vm e j AwfwnZ Kiv nq hlb Kv bv RbemwZ ev GjvKvq e vck q wz nq ZLb mikvimn wewfbœ ms vi mgwš^z cö Póvi gva g `y h v Mi weiƒc cöfve mvg j DVvi Rb mb GjvKvi RbMY K mvnvh Kiv nq `y h vm Le ii KvM R iæz c~y NUbv wn m e vb cvq MYgva gi cöhyw³mz AMÖMwZi Kvi Y `y h v Mi Qwe mivmwi `Lv bv hvq `y h vm K `yõfv M fvm Kiv hvq, hgb cövk wzk Ges gvbem ó: (1) cövk wzk `y h vm: hlb cök wz wec` ev `y h vm m wó K i ZLb Zv K cövk wzk `y h vm e j hgb: eb v, N~wY So, R jv Q vm, Liv, jeyv³zv, b`xfvob, f~wgk ú, f~wgaÿm, U b Wv BZ vw` (2) gvbem ó `y h vm: hlb gvby li ˆZwi wec` `y h v Mi m wó K i ZLb Zv K gvbem ó `y h vm e j hgb: `ywf ev g½v, cvigvywek I ivmvqwbk wech q, cwi ek `~ly, AwMœKvÐ, AcwiKwíZ ewoevu ai Kvi Y Rjve Zv, eûzj feb aÿm, cwienb `yn Ubv, gnvgvwi, hy BZ vw` wec`, wecbœzv Ges SzuwK wec`: wec` n Q Ggb GKwU Ae v, cwiw wz ev NUbv; hv cövk wzk ev gvbem ó Kvi Y `y h v Mi m wó Ki Z cv i wec` wb R Kv bv `y h vm bq eis `y h v Mi m ve KviY D`vniY: Awbivc` cvwb cvb Kiv wec`rbk KviY Gi d j h KD ivmvµvší n Z cv i, GgbwK iv M gvivi h Z cv i SzuwK: SzuwK n Q Ggb GKwU Ae v hlv b wec `i m vebv _v K wec` I wecbœzvi g a cvi úwik wµqv I cöwzwµqvi d j Rxeb, m ú` I cwi e ki wz niqvi m vebv e o hvq mgq, vb I Ae v bi Dci wbf i K i GKRb gvbyl _ K Ab Rb gvby li g a SzuwKi gvîv Kg ev ewk n Z cv i D`vniY: h Kvb `y h v M wkï I e iv ewk SzuwK Z _v K 14 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm cövk wzk `y h v M evsjv `k SzuwKc~Y Ae v b i q Q evsjv ` ki gvbyl cövk wzk `y h v Mi SzuwK gvkvwejv K i Q eûevi wb gœ wewfbœ cökvi cövk wzk `y h v Mi ey bv `Iqv n jv: eb v ev cøveb mvaviyz el vkv j AwZwi³ e wó n j b`x fivu n q cvwb jvkvj q Xz K c o mb DcPv bv cvwb Pvicv ki gvv-nvu, dm ji ÿz I evwo-ni Wzwe q `q ZLb Zv K eb v ev cøveb e j RjweÁv bi g Z Ôeb v n jv Ggb GKwU Av cwÿk cöevn, hv GKwU wbw` ó mnbxq D PZvi cöevn K AwZµg K i Õ gvbyl I b`x A eafv e b`x fivu K i gvbyl ˆZwi Ki Q Ni-evwo Ges KjKviLvbv b`x fiv Ui Kvi Y A bk b`x wejxb n q hv Q b`xi cvwb w`b w`b `~wlz n q co Q Ges cvwb aviy ÿgzv K g hv Q Gi d j eb v SzuwK evo Q, wzmö n Q b`x cv oi emevmiz gvbylrb, MvQcvjv I Rxe-Rš we kl K i hme cövyxk j b`xi Dci wbf ikxj evsjv ` ki ewkifvm f~wg mgy`ªc ô _ K 1 _ K 6 wguvi D PZvq Aew Z b`xgvz K evsjv ` ki Rb eb v ev cøveb n jv GKwU mvaviy cövk wzk NUbv evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 15
mvaviyz cöwz eqi ` ki gvu AvqZ bi cövq 20-22 kzvsk eb vi cvwb Z cøvwez nq A bk Amyweav m wó Ki ji cwiwgz cwigvy eb v Avgv `i ` ki Rb DcKvix, KviY GB eb vi cvwb cöpzi cwigvy cwj e q Av b, hvi d j dmwj Rwg Lye De i n q D V Ges cwj wgwköz gvwu Z dmj Drcv`b e w cvq ` ki cövq 80 kzvsk GjvKv n jv eb vcöey evsjv ` k 1987, 1988, 1998 Ges 2004 mv ji eb v wqj me P q fqven N~wY So Ges R jv Q vm fviz gnvmvmi Ges e½ cvmvmi n Z m ó cöej mvgyw`ªk So K N~wY So ev mvb K vb e j N~wY S oi Kvi b DcK jxq AÂ j R jv Q vm nq evsjv `k n jv GKwU MÖx gðjxq `k GB `k welye ilvi ek KvQvKvwQ Aew Z mkj cövk wzk `y h v Mi g a N~wY So Ges R jv Q vm n jv me P q gvivz K I aÿsmvz K mgy `ªi cvwb hlb ^vfvwek ZvcgvÎvi P q ewk Mig n q I V ZLb N~wY S oi m wó nq mvaviyz el vkv ji c~ e Ges c i N~wY S oi m wó nq ewk N~wY S oi K `ªi e vm mvaviyz K qkk wk jvwguvi ch ší n Z cv i N~wY S oi AvK wz µgk eo n Z _v K Ges Gi MwZI e w c Z _v K hlb GwU e½ cvmvm ii Dò cvwbi Dci w` q `w Y _ K DË i Pj Z ïiæ K i N~wY S oi mgq evzvm S oi AvKv i NÈvq cövq 150 wk jvwguvi e M cöevwnz nq Ges mvz wguvi ch ší D PZvi R jv Q vm NU Z cv i GB mgq Somn DcK jxq AÂ j gyljav i e wócvz nq R jv Q v mi d j DcK jxq AÂ j eb v `Lv `q N~wY S oi Kvi Y A bk Rvbgv ji ÿq wz nq 2007 mv ji 15B b f ^ i AvNvZ nvbv ÔwmWiÕ bvgk N~wY S oi Kvi Y cövq Pvi nvrvi gvbyl cövy nvivq; GB N~wY S o gvbyl, cïcvwl, dmj Ges Ni-evwoi e vck q wz nq Gi cvkvcvwk my `ie bi g Zv cövk wzk c vive bii e vck wzmvab nq evsjv ` k 1970, 1988, 1991 Ges 2007 mv j hmkj N~wY So AvNvZ nv b m jv c w_ exi kw³kvjx N~wY So jvi Ab Zg 16 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
f wgk ú f~-av jvo bi d j f~-c ôi Kv bv Kv bv As k AvKw K K ú bi m wó n j Zv K f~wgk ú e j evsjv `k Zvi Ae vbmz Kvi YB f wgk úi SzuwKi g a i q Q mvaviyz f -Mf `wÿy fvizxq cø Ui mv _ BD iwkqv cø Ui Nl Yi d j f wgk úi m wó nq f wgk úi SzuwK wbf i K i Gi ZxeªZv A_ vr KZ mgq e vcx Ges Kx cwigvy GjvKv Ry o msmwvz n Q Zvi Dci GKwU eo gv ci f~wgk ú gvivz K q wz e q Avb Z cv i hv cy iv RvwZi Rb fqven wech q W K Avb Z cv i f~wgk úi d j feb aÿ m h Z cv i, eo eo KjKviLvbvq Av b j M h Z cv i, aÿsmve k li wb P gvbyl AvU K h Z cv i, cö qvrbxq I gšwjk mevi LvZ jvi wz n Z cv i Ges m e vcwi Rvbgv ji e vck q wz n Z cv i GKwU kw³kvjx f~wgk ú cöavb knimg~n h_v XvKv, PÆMÖvg Ges wm jumn Ab vb GjvKvq gvivz K q wz e q Avb Z cv i Ges cy iv RvwZi Rb Zv wec¾bk n Z cv i 1999 mv j 5.2 gvîvi wi±vi j GKwU f~wgk ú AvNvZ nv b GB f~wgk úi Dc K `ª wqj K evrvi Rjvi g nklvjx Øxc hvi d j Ni-evwomn fšz AeKvVv gvi e vck ÿq wz nq evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 17
b`xfvob b`xgvz K GB ` k b`xfvob GKwU wbqwgz gvivz K cövk wzk `y h vm evsjv ` ki b`xi cvo jv g~jz Kv`v- e j gvwui, d j cvo jv mn RB f O hvq cöwzeqi we kl K i el v gšmy g cvwbi cöej mªv Z b`xi cvo jv ewk fv O ewkifvm b`x jvi MwZc_ AvuKvevuKv Avi evuk jvi Nb Nb el v gšmy g cvwbi cöej Zvo mvrvc _ cöevwnz n Z bv c i b`xi cv o G m cöpð AvNvZ K i; d j b`xi cvo jv mn RB f O hvq GgbwK ï gšmy g b`xi cvo jv UyKiv UyKiv n q f O c o Ges b`xi M f wejxb n q hvq b`xfvob evsjv ` k `vwi`ª Zvi Ab Zg KviY b`xfvo bi d j A bk gvbyl Zv `i emz-wfuv nvivq Ges G Kev i wbt ^ n q hvq A bk gvbyl Kv bv KvR bv c q kn i Av m RxweKvi müv b b`xfvo bi d j emzevwo nviv bv gvby liv Kv Ri Lvu R eo eo kn i P j Avm Z eva nq d j Zviv nq ev nviv 1995 _ K 2000 mvj ch ší mviv ` k cövq 6,000 n±i Rwg b`xi M f wejxb n q wm qwqj b`x fvo bi d j gvbyl ïay mnvq-m ú`b nvivq bv, Zvi mv _ Zv `i kz eq ii mvgvwrk HwZn I K wó wejxb n q hvq 18 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
Liv I giækiy hlb e wócvz Kg nq wksev GKev ib nq bv, f~mf cvwbi Íi A bk wb P b g hvq Ges cvbxq R ji Afve `Lv `q, ZLb Liv ïiæ nq GB mgq Lvj-we ji cvwb ïwk q hvq, gvwu d U PŠwPi nq, cvwbi Afv e Rwgi mp KvR e nz nq, dmj bó nq Ges dmj Drcv`b Kiv m e nq bv evsjv ` k Liv GLb GKwU wbqwgz NUbv Ges GKwU cövk wzk `y h vm Liv K qkgvm ch š vqx n Z cv i cövq cöwz eqi em š i k l Ges MÖx i ïi Z evsjv ` ki DËiv j Liv `Lv hvq evsjv `k 1973, 1989 Ges 2000 mv j eo gv ci Liv `Lv w` qwqj Livi d j MvQcvjvi e w I dm ji Drcv`b n«vm cvq, Lv` NvUwZ `Lv `q Ges A bk gvbyl Abvnv i _v K Ges Acywó Z fv M GB mgq wkqy GjvKvq `Lv `q g `y `ywf ev g½v Livi Kvi Y AvDk, Avgb Ges ev iv GB wzb ai bi avb Pv li Dci gvivz K weiƒc cöfve c o ZvQvov ` ki cöavb A_ Kix dmj wn m e cwiwpz cvu, Avjy, ZjexR, AvL, iwe km, Ges kx Zi mewr wzmö Í nq ` ki DËi I cwðgvâ ji Rjv jvi g a ivrkvnx, iscyi, w`bvrcyi, e ov, bimvu, bv Uvi, KzwoMÖvg, bxjdvgvwi Ges cvebv LivcÖeY A ji g a Ab Zg f~mf cvwbi i A bk wb P b g hviqvi d j ` ki LivcxwoZ GjvKvi Kv bv Kv bv v b my cq cvwbi NvUwZ `Lv hvq evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 19
jeyv³zv e w mgy`ªc ôi D PZv e w Ges R jv Q v mi Kvi Y jeyv³ cvwb evsjv ` ki DcK jxq A j Xy K c o GQvovI DRvb _ K wgvv cvwbi cöevn K g hviqvi Kvi b DcK jxq b`x-bvjv Z jeyv³zv e w cvq Gi d j ` ki ewkifvm DcK jxq Rjv jvi gvwu µgk jeyv³ n Q, hvi d j Pvlvev` hvm Rwg De izv nviv Q GK Rwi c `Lv M Q h, ` ki cövq GK-Z Zxqvsk DcK jxq Rwg jeyv³zvi Kvi Y wzmö n q Q jeyv³zvi Kvi Y Rxe ewp Î i wz n Q jeyv³ GjvKvi K l Kiv wekí dmj Pv li D ` vm MÖnY K i Q Ges jeyv³zv mn Ki Z cv i Ggb km Pvl Ki Q GB dmj jvi g a weª avb 47, ZigyR, Pxbv ev`vg, Wvj, gwip cöf wz D jøl hvm f wgaÿm f wgaÿm Ggb GKwU Ae v hlv b eo AvKv ii f~wglð Ges cv_ilð DuPy cvnvo ev ce Z _ K vbpy Z n q wb Pi w` K aÿ m c o f~wgaÿ mi cöavb KviY n jv e wócvz, f~wgk ú Ges gbyl KZ K cwiewz Z f~wgi e envi Kv bv cökvi AvMvg ms KZ QvovB f~wgaÿm n Z cv i f wgaÿ mi mgq wewfbœ cökvi aÿsmve kl hgb Kv`v-gvwU, MvQcvjv, Ni-evwo, Rxe-Rš mn gvbyl GK Î ax i ax i AvKv i eo n q wb P Mwo q c o f~wgaÿm mvaviyz DuPy I cvnvwo GjvKvq N U _v K evsjv ` k PÆMÖvg, cve Z PÆMÖvg Ges wm j U f~wgaÿm nq mv cöwzk Kv j evsjv ` k f~wgaÿm GKwU wbqwgz NUbv n q `vuwo q Q gvbem ó Kvh µg hgb eb DRvo, cvnv o NbemwZ Ges AcwiKwíZ cvnvo KvUv f~wgaÿ mi GB mgm v K Av iv cöku Ki Q 20 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
evsjv ` k 2007 mv ji deª qvwi gv m GKUvbv 6 NÈv e wócvz nq Ges 300 wgwjwguvi cwigvy e wócvz ikw Kiv nq GB mg q cve Z PÆMÖv g f~wgaÿm N U, A bk gvbyl g Zy eiy K i, Nievwo I Rvbgv ji e vck q wz mvwaz nq mv cöwzk mg q cövqb f~wgaÿ mi NUbv NU Q Kvj ekvlx evsjv ` k ˆekvL gv m me P q ewk Mig c o ZvcgvÎv e o wm q cövq 40 wwwmö mjwmqvm ch ší nq eq i cövq 15 kzvsk e wócvz GB MÖx Kv j n q _v K Ges Gi d j AvenvIqv VvÐv n q c o GB mgq cövqb erªcvzmn Soe wó nq Ges Zv DËi-cwðg w`k _ K a q Av m mvaviyz GB So ˆekvL gv m ewk nq e j G K Kvj ekvlx ejv nq ewkifvm mg q Kvj ekvlx So mkv j ev we K ji w` K AvNvZ nv b Kvj ekvlxi ˆewkó n jv, Zv `ª Z S oi fqvbk iƒc aviy K i mb mv _ Nb Kv jv g Ni m wó n q cy iv AvKvk gyn~ Z i g a X K d j, we`y r PgKmn erªaÿwbi m wó nq, fvwi el Y nq, mb mv _ cöej So ïi nq, wkjve wó nq, KL bv KL bv U b Wvi AvKvi aviy K i hw`i Kvj ekvlx GKwU Y vqx So wkš AZ š kw³kvjx hv cövq NÈvq 100 wk jvwguv ii ewk e M kxjve wómn N U _v K Ges mewkqy K gyn~ Z i g a B jðfð K i `q Kvj ekvlx So Rvbgvj I dm ji wz K i, Ni-evwo Dwo q bq I MvQ-cvjv Dc o d j bšpjvp j wenœ NUvq Kvj ekvlxi Ke j c o eû fqven bš-`yn UbvI N U GB Rb Kvj ekvlx gšmy g b`xc _ bškv I jâ PjvP j we kl mveavbzv Aej ^b Kiv nq evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 21
U b Wv Kv bv GjvKvi f~c ôi Av`ª Zvwewkó evzvm hlb AZ wak Mig n q D V ZLb U b Wv S oi DrcwË N U U b Wv n jv cöpð MwZm úbœ GK cökvi N~wY So, NÈvq GB S oi MwZ em `vuovq 140 wk jvwguvi ch š U b Wvi mvaviy ˆewkó n jv, Gi Kvi Y m ó So Kv bv GKwU wbw` ó v b mxgve _v K KvbiKg c~e vfvm ev mz K ms KZ QvovB GB U b Wv jfv M Kvb wbw` ó GjvKvq cöpð e M AvNvZ nv b Ges gyû Zi g a B me wkqz jðfð K i `q gvivz K Kvj ekvlx So KLbI KLbI m ve U b Wv S o iƒcvš wiz nq GB S oi d j evzvm Lye `ª Z Nv i, gn A bkuv dv b ji g Zv AvKvi aviy K i cöpð MwZ Z mvg bi w` K GwM q hvq d j S oi ilv eivei hv wkqy cvq ZvB m ú~y fv e weaÿ I jðfð K i w` q hvq U b Wv S oi GB Pjvi c_ K ÔU b Wv Uª vk ev Kwi WviÕ e j MÖvgv j U b Wv K nvwzïo e j, mvg b hv cvq me wkqy K `yg o gyp o MÖvm K i d j U b Wvi vwqz Kvj nq LyeB Kg Ges ^í RvqMvq nvr K i GwU AvNvZ nv b, d j GB S oi c~e vfvm Ges Zv Kvb v b AvNvZ nvb e Zv wpwýz Kiv `yiƒn mvaviyz evsjv ` ki ga ezx A j U b Wvi cö Kvc ewk cövk wzk `y h v Mi g a U b Wv evsjv ` k Ab Zg GK gvivz K `y h vm mybvwg weivu I DuPy DuPy mvwimvwi XD (40 dzu ch ší DuPz n Z cv i) hv mgy `ªi weivu Rjivwk K av v w` q GKw`K _ K Ab w` K mwi q wb q R jv Q v mi m wó K i Ges DcK jez x A j cöpêfv e AvNvZ nv b I e vck aÿsmhá NUvq Zv K mybvwg e j mgy `ªi Zj ` k UK UvwbK cø Ui SvuKzwb Z Ges f~wgaÿ mi Kvi Y mybvwg m wó n Z cv i f~wgk ú, Av MœqwMwii AMœy rcvz Ges Ab vb gvbem ó Kvi YI mybvwg nq 22 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
2004 mv j fviz gnvmvm i m ó mybvwg iykv ji fq¼i cövk wzk `y h vm hv B `v bwkqv I kªxjskvmn DcK jxq `k jvi A bk fšz AeKvVv gv K aÿsm K i `q GB fq¼i mybvwg Z 14 wu DcK jxq ` ki cövq `yb j wîk nvrvi gvby li g Zz N U 2011 mv j Rvcv b AvNvZ nvbv mybvwgi Kvi Y cövq `yb j Nievwo aÿsm n q hvq fš MvwjK Ae vbmz Kvi Y evsjv `k mybvwgcöey A ji Aš f y³ Rjve Zv Kv bv Kvi Y AwZwi³ e wói cvwb ^vfvwekfv e cöevwnz n q b`x-bvjvq bv wm q Rbc ` `xn mgq a i AvU K co j mb Ae v K Rjve Zv e j ek wkqy eqi a i evsjv ` ki eo eo kni jv Ges DcK jxq A j Rjve Zv GKwU eo AvKv ii mgm v wn m e `Lv w` q Q w i cvwb Z AveR bv I Ab vb `~wlz e yi mswgkö Y cvwb `ym Ügq n q I V Ges GB `~wlz cvwb Z wewfbœ cökvi iv Mi RxevYy Rb vq e cvwb Z gkv wwg cv o Ges eskwe vi K i I g v jwiqvi cöv`yf ve `Lv `q Wvqwiqv, RwÛm I UvBd qw R ii g Zv cvwbevwnz ivm Ges k vmz š i cö`vnmn wewfbœ ai bi Pg ivm `Lv `q ewkifvm iv vnvu cvwbi wb P Zwj q hviqvq ^vfvwek RxebhvÎv, nvu-evrvi, e emv-evwyr Ges Q j g q `i y j h Z wewfbœ mgm v m wó nq Rjve Zvi d j Rxe ewp Î i Dci wzki cöfve c o evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 23
b`x Z µgvmz cwj R g b`xi Zj `k cvk ezx cøvebf wgi _ K ewk DuPy n q hviqv Rjve Zvi Ab Zg KviY ZvQvov AwZe wói Rjve Zvi m wó K i 2011 mv j evsjv ` ki mvz xiv, h kvi Ges Lyjbv A j `xn vqx Rjve Zv `Lv `q; Gi d j cövq `k j gvbyl wzmö nq Rjve Zvi Kvi Y Nievwo Ges Pvl hvm Rwg cvwbi wb P Zwj q hvq, gvbyl M nnviv n q c o Ges Pvlvev` e vckfv e wzmö nq evsjv ` ki eo eo kn i AcÖZyj cvwb wb vkb e e v Rjve Zvi Av ikwu KviY we kl K i ch vß cvwb wb vkb e e v bv _vkvq M n vwji Kv R e eüz cvwb Ges e wói cvwb mn R ei n q h Z cv i bv d j kn i Rjve Zv `Lv `q Rjevqy cwiez bi d j m ó cöfve c w_exi g a evsjv `k n Q Ab Zg GKwU cövk wzk `y h vmcöey `k hlv b Rjevqy cwiez bi weiƒc cöfve µgk úófv e cwijw Z n Q GB Rb evsjv `k K Rjevqy cwiez bi w`k w` q cö_g mvwii SzuwKc~Y `k wnmv e wpwýz Kiv nq AZ wak gvîvq N~wY So Ges eb v QvovI Rjevqy cwiez bi cöfv e evsjv ` k wbgœwjwlz cövk wzk NUbv NU Z cv i: mgy`ªc ôi D PZv e w Zvc`vn AwZe wó Amg q e wó mgy`ªc ôi D PZv e w c w_exi Mo ZvcgvÎv e o hviqvi d j gnvmgy `ªi cvwb Mig n q D V; cvwb Mig n q DV j Zv AvqZ b e w cvq GQvovI c w_exi ZvcgvÎv e w i d j wewfbœ ce Z I giæ A j R g _vkv eid M j hv Q GB eid Mjv cvwbi d j mgy`ªc ôi D PZv e w cv Q evsjv ` ki gvu f~wgi `yb-z Zxqvsk mgy`ªc ô _ K gvî wzb wguvi D PZvq Aew Z Avi ZvB mgy`ªc ôi D PZv e w i Kvi Y evsjv ` ki DcK jxq AÂj jv mgy `ªi cvwbi wb P Zwj q hviqvi SuzwKi g a i q Q 24 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
cöwz eqi M o evsjv ` ki cövq GK-PZy_ vsk f~wg cøvwez nq hw` mgy`ªc ôi D PZv e w c Z _v K, Z e aviyv Kiv n Q h, AwaKvsk DcK jxq AÂj Ges Øxcmg~n GKw`b mgy`ª M f nvwi q h Z cv i DcK jxq A ji Awaevmxiv gvwu DuPy K i wxwe ˆZwi K i Ges A bk mgq euv ki ev Mv Qi LyuwU w` q DuPy K i evwo ˆZwi K i evm K i mgy`ªc ôi D PZv e w i Kvi Y BwZg a B DcK jxq A j Aew Z Øxc hgb m `xc, nvwzqv, fvjv Ges KzZzew`qvi wkqy Ask wzmö Í n q Q Zvc`vn wewfbœ ˆeÁvwbK M elyvq `Lv M Q, MZ 100 eq i evsjv ` ki Mo ZvcgvÎv 0.5 wwwmö mjwmqvm e w c q Q mvaviyfv e MÖx Kv j ZvcgvÎv 32 _ K 38 wwwmö mjwmqv mi g a DVvbvgv K i evsjv ` ki BwZnv m 1999 mv j me P q ewk ZvcgvÎv ikw Kiv nq MÖx Kv j m~ h i cöpð Zv ci mv _ A ^vfvwek, Amnbxq I A ^w ÍKi f vcmv Mig Ges Av` ªZvi Kvi Y cvwb ^ízv Ges Ab vb ivm `Lv `q Zvc`v ni d j K wlkvr Ges grm m ú `i wz nq Av kcv ki cwi ek ï Ges iæÿ n q I V m~ h i GB cöpð Zvc`vn I `nb R vjvq gvbyl cöej DËvcRwbZ cxovq (wnu «vk) Avµvš n Z cv i, GgbwK cöpð Zvc`v n gvbyl gvivi h Z cv i GB mg q g v jwiqv I W½yi cöv`yf vei e o hvq evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 25
AwZe wó evsjv ` k wemz eqi jv Z AwZe wó gvby li Rxe b Pig `y f vm wb q Avwef ~Z n q Q AwZe wói d j dmj, iv vnvu Ges hvmv hvm e e v wzmö Í nq eo eo kn i AwZe wói Kvi Y Rjve Zvi m wó nq, cqtwb vkb Ges gvby li ^vfvwek RxebhvÎvq e vnvz N U mv cöwzk mg q PÆMÖvg kn i AwZe wói Kvi Y Rjve Zv `Lv `q Kv bv Kv bv mgq AwZe wói Kvi Y eb v `Lv `q Amg q e wó wemz eqi jv Z evsjv ` ki e wócv Zi Kv bv wbqgzvwš K avivevwnkzv j Kiv hvqwb Ges KLbI ev wej ^ el vkvj ïi niqvi g Zv NUbv j Kiv M Q AwZe wó hgb eb v Ges f~wgaÿm NUvq Zgwb Amg q e wócv Zi Kvi Y gvby li Rxe b `y f vm b g Av m D`vniY ^iƒc kxzkv j e wócv Zi d j dmj Ges K l Ki e vck q wz nq Amg q e wócvz Rjevqy cwiez bi GKwU Ab Zg cöfve e j we epbv Kiv nq 26 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 27
bvwukv 3 N~wY So: DcK jxq A ji cöavb `y h vm [Kvjvg Ges D g DcK jxq A ji GKwU cöv_wgk we` vj qi wkÿv_x XvKv _ K QvÎ-QvÎxmn wk Ki GKwU `j G m Q Zv `i z j z ji wk K I QvÎ-QvÎx `i mv _ Iiv Av jvpbv K i Rvb e h wkfv e Zviv mk j wg j N~wY So gvkvwejv K i Q Kvjvg Ges D g AwZw_ `i K mb AwfÁZvi K_v ey bv K i Q ] Kvjvg Ges D g : XvKv _ K Avmv QvÎ-QvÎxmn wk K `i AwZw_ `jwu K Avgiv Avb `i mv _ ^vmz Rvbvw Q Avwg Kvjvg Ges Avwg D g Kvjvg : Avgv `i MÖvgwU mvm ii Lye wbk U eûeqi a ib GLvbKvi Awaevmxiv Lye Avb `i mv _ emevm K i Avm Q D g : hw`i Avgv `i K cövk wzk `y h v Mi Kvi Y A bk SzuwKi g a _vk Z nq wkš mvmi cv oi GB MÖvgwU mwz B `L Z Lye my `i mgy `ªi N~wY So Ges R jv Q vm h Kv bv mgq Avgv `i MÖvgwU Z AvNvZ nvb Z Ges Rvbgv ji e vck q wz Ki Z cv i Kvjvg : Avgiv hlb Rvb Z cvwi h eo ai bi N~wY So Avm Z cv i ZLb Avgiv AvkÖq K `ª wbivc` v b P j hvb D g : N~wY So I R jv Q vm AvNvZ nvbvi c i Avgv `i MÖv gi bvjv jv eü n q hvq; N~wY S oi Kvi Y MvQcvjv f O c o, d j fvov MvQ I Wvjcvjvi Kvi YI iv v eü n q hvq Kvjvg : Avgv `i MÖv g ÔcÖwZi v euvaõ i q Q R jv Q vm cöwz iva Kivi Rb KL bv hw` evu a dvuj a i ZLb MÖv g cvwb Xz K c o Ges GB cvwb ewi q h Z A bk mgq bq D g : n vu! GwU Avgv `i Rb A bk K ói Rjve Zv Avgv `i cqtwb vkb e e v K LyeB ÿwzmö Í K i GB cvwb _ K bvbv ai bi ivm-rxevyy Qovq Ges gvbylrb cvwbevwnz wewfbœ iv M fv M Kvjvg : Ab me QvÎ-QvÎx `i evev `i g Zv Avgvi evev Ges PvPv grm Rxex Zviv Mfxi mgy `ª gvq ai Z hvq Avgiv ïuuwk ïwk q I Ab vb Dcv q cöwµqvrvz Kwi D g : Avgvi evev Ges eo fvb K lk N~wY So Ges R jv Q v mi c i Zviv ek wkqy w`b gv V KvR Ki Z cv i bv ZLb Zviv gvpvi Dci mewr djvq Kvjvg : N~wY S oi Kvi Y KLbI gvq aiv bškv ev Uªjvi jvi ek wz nq Ges Zv givgz Kivi Rb K qk mßvn _ K gvm ch š mgq j M hvq D g : m ú `i A bk wz nq Avi Zv KvwU q DV Z Avgv `i A bk mgq j M hvq Gme Kvi Y QvU eo mk ji gb Lye Lvivc _v K Kvjvg : n vu! AvgviI MZ eqi N~wY S oi d j Avgv `i zj Ges MÖv gi iv v jvi A bk wz nq yj Ges evrv i hviqv Lye KóKi n q c owqj z ji cöavb wk K GKw`b ej jb, Avgiv wb RivB zjwu givgz Kie GB K_v kvbvi ci Avgiv Avgv `i KóUv cövq fz j wm qwqjvg 28 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
D g : Avgiv zj givgz Kivi ci MvQ jvmv bv Kg m~wp Z AskMÖnY Kwi cö Z K K v mi mevb wg jwg k KvbvKzwb Ges AvuKvevuKv mvwi K i MvQ jvwm qwqjvg Kvjvg : H w`b we Kj ejvq Avgiv mvs wzk Abyôv bi Av qvrb Kwi Ges y`ª bvwukv gâ Kwi GjvKvi MY gvb e w³em Ges wewfbœ cöwzôv bi Kg KZ vmy Avgv `i cöavb wk Ki Lye cöksmv K ib Avgiv Avgv `i cöavb wk K Ges Ab vb wk K `i wb q Me eva Kwi Kvjvg Ges D g: Avcbv `i mevb K A bk A bk ab ev` (mevb nvzzvwj w` jv AwZw_ `jwu QvÎ, QvÎx Ges wk K `i mv _ nvz wgjv jv) evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 29
Aa vq-3 `y h vm cö wz `y h vm cö wz ej Z Kx eysvq? `y h vm cö ywz n Q GK cökv ii we kl e e v hvi gva g cövk wzk `y h vm Gi SzuwK Kgv bv hvq f~wgk ú Ges mybvwg Qvov Avi h me cövk wzk `y h vm Av Q m jv cövqb eq ii wewfbœ gšmy g N U; d j GB me `y h vm gvkvwejvi Rb c~e _ K cö ywz bqv hvq ZvB `y h vm NUvi c~ e B c~e AwfÁZvi Av jv K we kl c` ÿc I Kg m~wp MÖnY Kiv K `y h vm cö wz evsvq h me cövk wzk `y h v Mi Av jvpbv Avgiv c~ e i Aa v q K iwq Zvi g a me P q gvivz K n jv N~wY So Ges Gi mv _ R jv Q vm wøzxq cöavb cövk wzk `y h vm n jv eb v; KviY, eb vi d j RbRxeb I dm ji e vck q wz mvwaz nq cövk wzk `y h v Mi e wß we epbv Ki j b`xfvo b RbemwZi e vck q wz nq Ges vqxfv e wf UgvwU nvwi q gvbyl G Kev i wbt ^ n q c o `y h v Mi SzuwK Kgv bv `y h vm SzuwK Kgv bvi Rb cwikíbvi gva g Kg m~wp MÖnY K i `y h v Mi d j m ó weiƒc cöfve I djvd ji gvîv K GKUv mnbxq ch v q bvwg q Avbv hvq GB mgwš^z Kg m~wp K `y h vm cö wz ejv nq GB cö wzi gva g gvbyl wb R `i K Ges mb mv _ wb R `i m ú` K i v Ki Z mg_ nq 30 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
`y h v Mi SzuwK Kgv bvi Rb wewfbœ ai bi KvR Ges KŠkj i q Q Zvgiv B Zvg a R b Qv h, f~wgk ú Ges mybvwg Qvov Avi h me cövk wzk `y h vm Av Q m jv cövqb eq ii wewfbœ gšmy g N U _v K; d j GB me `y h vm gvkvwejvi Rb c~e _ K cö wz bqv hvq Uwej: `y h vm cö wzi mgq I aiy `y hv M c~e vfvm mgq (m ve gvm) cö wzi aiy Kvj ekvlx nu v gvp - g Riæwi U b Wv bv gvp - g Riæwi N~wY So I R jv Q vm nu v GwcÖj- g Riæwi Ges `xn gqvw` cö wz cwikíbv eb v nu v RyjvB-A ±vei Riæwi, ^í I `xn gqvw` cö wz cwikíbv jeyv³zv nu v GwcÖj- g (N~wY So, ^í I `xn gqvw` cö wz cwikíbv R jv Q v mi mv _) Liv nu v Rvbyqvwi-Ryb `xn gqvw` cö wz cwikíbv b`xfvob nu v Ryb-A ±vei ^í I `xn gqvw` cwikíbv f~wgk ú bv h Kv bv mgq NU Z cv i mybvwg nu v h Kv bv mgq NU Z cv i f~wgaÿm nu v Ryb- m Þ ^i (f~wgk ú I AwZe wói mv _) Rjve Zv nu v GwcÖj-A ±vei ( h Kv bv mgq n Z cv i) mgy`ªc ôi D PZv e w nu v Rjevqy cwiez bi mv _ m úwk Z Riæwi I `xn gqvw` cö wz cwikíbv Riæwi I `xn gqvw` cö wz cwikíbv Riæwi I `xn gqvw` cö wz cwikíbv Riæwi, ^í I `xn gqvw` cö wz cwikíbv `xn gqvw` cö wz cwikíbv evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 31
bvwukv 4 cö wz wec `i SzuwK Kgvq K v m wk K Ges mkj wk v_ x Dcw Z wk K Dcw wz hvpvb Gi Rb wk v_x `i bvg WvKv ïi Ki eb wk K : Avexi Avgv `i bzyb QvÎ! (Avexi `vuwo q wk K Ges mncvvx `i mvjvg I ï f Qv Rvbvj) wk v_ xiv : mkj QvÎ-QvÎx Avexi Avexi e j nvz Zvwj w`j wk K : Avexi! Zywg hw` Zvgvi m ú K Avgv `i wkqy ej! Avexi : wr m vi! Avgvi bvg Avexi Avn ` Avgvi evev GLvbKvi bzyb _vbv ^v Kg KZ v Avgiv GLv b Avmvi Av M ivrkvnx Z wqjvg wk v_ x -1 : Av gi Rjv! Av gi `k! cùv b`x! ek! ek!! wk v_ x -2 : wm éi kvwo! Nvovi Mvwo!! wk v_ x -3 : ivrkvnx Z cöpyi Mig c o cùv b`xi ey K ayay Pi Avi evwj Avexi : G meb mwz Avgiv ivrkvnx Z gvî `yõeqi wqjvg wk v_ x -1 : Avexi Zvgvi MÖv gi evwo Kv_vq? Avexi : wm ju wk v_ x -4 : Pv evmvb! e wó! wujv! f wgk ú! wk v_ x -1 : e wó, eb v, AvenvIqv! eç VvÛv! Avexi : G meb mwz Avgvi fv jv jv M Avgiv kx Zi QywU Z wm j U hvb `v`v-`vw`i mv _ A bk grv K i mgq KvUvB wk K : Avexi! GLv b Zvgvi Kgb jvm Q? Avexi : m vi! mwz ej Z wk, Avgvi g b GKUv fq!!! wk v_ xiv : (mkj wk v_x GKmv _) fq!! wk mi fq?? Avexi : N~wY So! R jv Q vm! mgy`ª _ K a q Av m cöpzi gvbyl gviv hvq cöpyi m ú `i q wz nq!!! Avwg G jv wuwf Z ` LwQ! wk v_ xiv : N~wY So!! wk K : n vu, N~wY So! mwz GK wec`rbk cövk wzk `y h vm! hw`i Avgiv Gi AvMgb K _vgv Z cvwi bv, Z e h e vck q wz nq Zvi cö Kvc A bkuvb Kgv bv m e! wk v_ x : Avgiv Zv GB welq jv Avgv `i z j wklwq Kx K i GB me cövk wzk `y h vm gvkvwejv Ki Z nq Ges Kx K i cövynvwb Ges m ú `i q wz Kgv bv hvq Avexi : [Avex ii gy L nvwm!] hvk, GUv Lye fv jv Lei GLb Avgvi fq K U Q `y h vm cö wz Ges cökg bi GKRb cöwzwbwa wn m e KvR Ki Z cvie wk K wk v_x `i ivj Kj Ki jb 32 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
`y h vm cö wz: `y h v Mi c~ e, `y h v Mi mgq Ges ciez x Z KiYxq Uwej: `y h vm cö wzi wewfbœ avc ev i cö wzi wewfbœ i cö wzi Rb wewfbœ KvR Ávb AR b I m PZbZv e w cöwkÿy I gnov MÖnY `y h v Mi c~e gyn Z ^vfvwek mgq cövk wzk `y h vm I SzuwK m ú K Rvbv co, Rv bv, wrávmv Ki Ges vbxq AwfÁ jvk `i mv _ Av jvpbv Ki K v m ev z j cövk wzk `y h vm I SzuwK m ú K ipbv I cöeü jlvi cöwz hvwmzvq AskMÖnY Ki; `y h vm cö ywz Ges `y h vm ciez x KiYxq m ^ Ü Rv bv y j mvs wzk wel qi Dci Kvh µg cwipvjbv K i vbxq Rbmvavi Yi g a `y h vm cö ywzi Dci m PZbZv e w Ki `y h vm cö ywz cwikíbv: Zvgvi GjvKvi GKwU gvbwpî AvuK; AvB ww KvW Ges PK wj ˆZwi Ki eqmwfwëk cöwk Yi e e v Ki: AbymÜvb Ges D vi Kv Ri Dci we kl cöwk Y MÖnY Ki `ªe mvgmöxi ZvwjKv ˆZwi, wbivc` cvwb Ges Lvevi m vjvbb ˆZwii Dci cöwk Y MÖnY Ki Ri wi mg q wkfv e Lv` mvgmöxi ZvwjKv ˆZwi, Kxfv e Lvevi c v KU ˆZwi Ki Z nq Zv cöwk Yi gva g wk L bvi cwiev ii m`m `i iwwi Ges Uwjwfk b AvenvIqvi Lei kvbvi Af vm ˆZwi Kivi Rb Drmvn cö`vb Ki evwo _ K AvkÖq K `ª hvevi Rb K wîg gnovq AskMÖnY Ki iwwi _ K AvenvIqv evz v Ges `y h v Mi MwZc_ m ú K Lei ivl `y h vm m ú K mzk ms KZ Ges c~e vfvm Rv bv mwvkfv e e wói cvwb msmön Ges Lvevi cvwb Rgv ivlvi Rb eo `i mvnvh Ki cwiev ii Rb mwvkfv e Ri wi ev cö Z ivl `y h vm Avmvi c~ e B Kv bv DuPy v b ev AvkÖq K `ª P j hvi QvU wkï, Mf ezx gwnjv, e -e v Ges c½y `i AMÖvwaKvi `vi QvU wkï `i cwiev ii e qv R ô KD Z`viwK Ki e mvc I welv³ KxU-cZ½ _ K mveavb _vk e `y h v Mi mgq cwiev ii mv _ Ae vb Ki e evua i v Kiv mk ji Rb GKwU Ri wi KvR wk v_ xiv Zvgiv me mgq eb v/r jv Q vm i vkvix evu ai w` K j ivl e hw` euv a Kv bv dvuj `Lv `q mv _ mv _ Zvgvi wczv-gvzv K Ges yj KZ c K Rvbv e KD hb evu ai Nvm I Mv Qi ÿwz bv K i mw` K mzk ` wó ivl e e ÿ ivcb Kg m~wp Z AskMÖnY Ki e evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 33
mvb K vb wcö cqvw bm cövmövg (wmwcwc) 1960 `k Ki k li w` K evsjv `k mikv ii iw wµ m U mvmvbwu mvb K vb wcö cqvw bm cövmövg (wmwcwc) Kvh µg wn m e ïi K i më ii `k K DcK jxq I `y h vmcöey GjvKvq Zviv Kv Ri gva g mybvg AR b K i wmwcwc mvaviyz yj Ges ^ Qv mex `i gva g KvR K i _v K ^ Qv mexiv `y h v Mi Av M gvui mvb Kj Ges gvbk wb q Zv `i wbr wbr GjvKvq `y h vm evz v cšu Q `q `y h vm mzk ms KZ cöpvi Rbmvavi Yi g a `y h vmc~e mzk ms KZ cöpvi Kg m~wp GKwU cixw Z e e v hvi gva g Rvbgv ji A bk q wz Kgv bv hvq gvbk, iwwi Ges Uwjwfk bi gva g mzk ms KZ cöpvi Kiv nq vbxq ^ Qv mek Øviv gvb K mnr I evamg fvlvq mzk ms KZ cöpvi Ki Z n e hv Z K i RbmvaviY mzk ms KZ eys Z cv i Ges mb Abyhvqx `ª Z e e v wb Z cv i 34 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
N~wY So c~e vfvm Ges KiYxq ms KZ czvkv ms KZ KiYxq `~iez x mzk ms KZ 1 iwwi I Uwjwfk b AvenvIqv evz v evievi kvbv Av kcv ki mevb K mzk _vk Z ejv iwwi I U P i evowz e vuvwi hvmvo K i ivlv `~iez x mzk ms KZ 2 vbxq mzk ms KZ 3 vbxq mzk ms KZ 4 wec` ms KZ 6 gnvwec` ms KZ 8 gnvwec` ms KZ 9 iwwi I Uwjwfk b AvenvIqv evz v evievi kvbv Av kcv ki jvk `i LvuR-Lei bqv nv Zi Kv Q UP, `wo BZ vw` ivlv Lqvj ivlv Kv_vI jvj-kv jv czvkv Do Q wkbv iwwi I Uwjwfk b AvenvIqv evz v evievi kvbv `y h vm cwiw wz gvkvwejvi Rb cö Z _vkv Kx Kx ïk bv Lvevi Av Q Zv wbwðz Kiv ebcî wq q ivlv Mi, QvMj, nvum I gyiwm wbivc` v b ivlv iwwi I Uwjwfk b AvenvIqv evz v evievi kvbv Av kcv ki mevb K mzk _vk Z ejv iwwi I U P i evowz e vuvwi hvmvo K i ivlv iwwi I Uwjwfk b AvenvIqv evz v evievi kvbv cwiev ii mevb K wb q Avkªq K `ª h Z n e wkqy Lvevi, UvKv-cqmv, Mnbv, ebcy ÍK cöf wz cvwb wb ivak e v M f i gvwu Z cy Z ivlv `ª Z Kv bv wbkuez x Avkªq K `ª AvkÖq bqv gnvwec` ms KZ 10 ˆah a i cwiw wz ^vfvwek niqvi Rb A c v Kiv Avkªq K `ª G K Aci K mvnvh Kiv Z_ m~î: wmwcwc g vbyqvj, evsjv `k iw wµ m U mvmvbwu evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 35
AbymÜvb Ges D vi 1. So _ g hviqvi ci cib AvkÖq K `ª _ K P j hviqv DwPZ bq cöv_wgk ch v q So _ g hviqvi wkqy Y ci Avevi AvNvZ nvb Z cv i KviY S oi K `ªi MvjvKvi GjvKvwU _v K wkqyuv kvš 2. P~ovš fv e So _ g hviqvi ci cö_ gb `L Z n e wb Ri cwiev ii m`m MY K Kv_vq Av Q mevb K Y `L Z n e KvD K bv cviqv M j D P AvIqv R bvg a i WvK Z n e hw` ivz nq Zvn j UP jvbu w` q Av kcv k LvuR Ki Z n e 3. cwiev ii KD Kv_vI AvnZ n q c o _vk j ( hgb: MvQ ev N ii wb P Pvcv c o _vkv, `Šov Z wm q nvz cv K U ev f O hviqv BZ vw`) Zv K mv _ mv _ D vi K i cöv_wgk wpwkrmvi e e v Ki Z n e KvQvKvwQ nvzcvzv ji myweav _vk j `ª Z mlv b cvvv Z n e ciez x Z ÎvYKg xiv G j Zv `i gww Kj wug _vk j mlv b `ª Z wb q h Z n e 36 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
cwievi ch v q `y h vm cwikíbv h Kv bv wec` ev `y h vm gvkvwejvi Rb cvwievwik ch v q `y h vm cö wz cwikíbv _vkv DËg GB Î cwiev ii m` miv wewfbœ `y h vm wpwýz Ki e Ges Gi gvkvwejvq cö Z _vk e cwikíbvi mgq wkï, c½y, Mf ezx, cöwzeüx I eq e w³ `i AMÖvwaKvi w` Z n e cyi li cvkvcvwk gwnjvivi cwievi ch v q `y h vm cö wz cwikíbvq gyl f~wgkv cvjb Ki Z cv i `y h v Mi Av M c~e cö wz wn m e Zviv ïkbv Lvevi hgb wpov, gywo I o Avjv`v Kiv Ges gvwui wb P cvwb wb ivak e v M f i Mnbv, UvKv-cqmv, ebcî, `ikvwi KvMRcÎ, Rwgi `wjj BZ vw` g~j evb wrwbmcî wbivc` RvqMvq cy Z ivl Z cv i eb vcöey GjvKvq N ii g S _ K ek DuPy K i gvpvb I wqkv ˆZwi K ii g~j evb wrwbmcî Sywj q ivlv hvq evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 37
`y h vm AvNvZ nvbvi c~ e B cwiev ii `vwqz kxj e w³iv mk jb Mevw` cï, QvMj I nvum-gyiwm wb q DuPy RvqMvq ev wkjøvq A_ev hlv b Avkªq K `ª Av Q mlv b Riæwi wfwë Z AvkÖq MÖnY Kiv DwPZ `y h v Mi cö Kvc G Kev i K g M j mk j evwo Z wd i hv e wpî: `y h v Mi c~ e, `y h v Mi mgq Ges ciez x Z KiYxq (N~wY SocÖeY GjvKvi Rb ) 38 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
cwiev ii m`m `i K h me KvR jv AZ š mzk Zvi mv _ Ki Z n e Zv n jv: cwiev ii m`m iv Av jvpbv K i `y h vm cö wz cwikíbv ˆZwi Ki e ( hgb: eb vcöey GjvKvq evwoi g S DuPy Kiv hv Z K i eb vi cvwb N i cö ek Ki Z bv cv i cvnv oi Xv j evwo ˆZwi bv Kiv) evwoi g a Ges Gi Av kcv k wbivc` RvqMv wpwýz Ges mxgvbv wba viy Kiv iæz c~y e w³ A_ev cöwzôv bi hvmv hv Mi wvkvbv R b ivlv hv Z K i cwievi mn RB Zv `i KvQ _ K `y h v Mi mgq mvnvh c Z cv i hgb: vbxq Av b wbfv bvi kb, vbxq iw wµ m U Kvh vjq, nvmcvzvj, wk wbk I vbxq mikvi I cökvm bi Kvh vj qi wvkvbv Ges Uwj dvb b ^i msmön Ki Z n e Riæwi ev cö Z ivlv cö Z K cwiev i GKwU Ri wi ev (Ggvi RwÝ wku) _vkv cö qvrb 1. cöv_wgk wpwkrmv ev : Ab vb wrwb mi cvkvcvwk w úwiu, Zyjv, e v ÛR, MR, e`bvbvkk, Rxeb iÿvkvix Ilya, RxevYygy³ cvwb BZ vw` _vk Z n e iw wµ m U A_ev GjvKvi ^v K `ª Ab vb cö qvrbxq DcKiY m ú K civgk w` Z cvi e 2. Lv` I cvwb: cpbkxj bq Ggb ïk bv Lvevi hgb, wpov, o, gywo BZ vw` ivl Z n e Aš Z wzb w` bi ch vß Lv` gryz ivl Z n e Av iv fv jv nq hw` Lvevi ivbœv Kivi cö qvrb bv nq cvwb weï Ki Yi Rb weï KiY U ve ju ( hgb: n v jvu ve) Aek B ivl Z n e 3. Rvgv-Kvco: cö Z Ki Rb GKvšÍ cö qvrbxq cwi aq Kvco ivl Z n e gwnjv `i kvwo ev Iobv bv niqvb fv jv Gi e` j kvu -c v U/ mv jvqvi-kvwgr SyuwKgy³ cyi l `i jyw½i e` j cvqrvgv ev c v U civb fv jv ivlvbb m cö`v qi g qiv `y h vm gvkv ejvq hme KŠkj Abymib K i _v K Zv n jv: Pzj k³ K i eu a iv L Dc hvmx Rvgv-Kvco c o ( hgb UªvDRvi, mvu BZ vw`) Zv `i evwoi g S DuPz K i ˆZwi K i `y h v Mi mgq mevb wg j Av jvpbv K i wm vší bq evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 39
wkjø v: `y h v Mi mgq cï i v wkjøv: N~wY So, R jv Q vm I eb vq f m hviqvi nvz _ K i v Kivi Rb Mevw` cï h DuPy RvqMvq ev wfuvq ivlv nq Zv K wkjøv e j `y h vm ïiæ nevi Av M M ncvwjz cï-cvwl wbkuez x wkjøvq wb q h Z n e G Kv R cwiev ii e qv R ô `i Zzwg mnvqzv Ki Z cvi wkjøvq wb R `i M ncvwjz cï-cvwl mwvk fv e wpwýz Ki Z Zv `i Mv q we kl wpý G K w` Z cvi 40 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 41
Aa vq-4 Awf hvrb I cökgb KŠkj Awf hvrb Awf hvrb n jv cövk wzk Ges gvbem ó cwi e ki mv _ wb R `i K Ggbfv e Lvc LvIqv bv hv Z K i Rjevqy cwiez bi d j weiƒc cöfve mnbxq gvîvq Kgv bv hvq Awf hvr bi d j e w³, cwievi Ges mgv Ri SzuwK gvkvwejv Kivi gzv e o hvq Awf hvrb Ges cökgb G K Ac ii m ú~ik Ges GB `yõwu KŠkj GKm ½ cö qv Mi d j Rjevqy cwiez bi d j m ó SzuwK Kvh Kifv e Kgv bv hvq Awf hvrb hvm grm Pvl eb vi mgq ev bi cvwb Z mvaviyz gvq f m P j h Z cv i gv Qi i Yv e Yi Rb Awf hvrb KŠkj Aej ^b Kiv nq gvq Aei Kivi Rb cykz ii cvo DuPy Kiv nq Ges A bk mgq Rvj w` q wn i `Iqv nq y`ªpvlx `i g a KuvKov Pvl GKwU wekí RxweKv; Avi ZvB RxweKv wn m e av bi Rwg Z GKB mv _ avb Ges KuvKov Pvl Kiv nq 42 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
b`x ev mgy `ª `y h vmcxwoz grm Rxex `i AvZ i v euvk ev fvmgvb Kvb e w` q GKwU wîfzr AvK wzi KvVv gv ˆZwi K i Gi wzb KvYvq Lvwj Wªvg, cøvw K, Rvj fvwm q ivlvi d vu BZ vw` fv jv K i eu a cvwb Z f m _vkvi Póv Ki Z n e evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 43
DcK jxq meyr eóbx DcK jxq meyr eóbx n Q cövk wzk SzuwK jvnekvix GKwU DËg e e v hv Zxeª I Pig wech qkvix N~wY So Ges R jv Q v mi AvNvZ _ K DcK jxq AÂj K i v K i N~wY S oi mgq DcK jxq meyr eóbx GKwU cövk wzk Xvj wn m e KvR K i mvaviyz evu ai evb ii As k cwikwíz Dcv q meyr eóbx ˆZwi K i evu ai wfz ii GjvKv K i v Kiv nq 44 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
DcK jxq A ji Rb Dc hvmx MvQ h_vh_ I gvbvbmb wewfbœ Rv Zi MvQcvjv hv N~wY S oi ZxeªZv K Kwg q w` Z cv i mb me MvQ K DcK jxq A ji Dchy³ cörvwzi MvQ e j G mkj MvQ jvmv j N~wY S oi wz Kgv bv hvq DcK jxq A j Dchy³ cörvwzi Mv Qi D`vniY n jv: bvwi Kj, mycvwi, ej, ZuZyj, cqvivmn wewfbœ Jlwa MvQ hgb AvgjKx I nixzkx iv v I evu ai `yb av i h me MvQ jvmv bv h Z cv i Ggb MvQ jv n jv: wbg, gnmwb, evejv, ZuZyj Ges cvbb wewfbœ cörvwzi `e`vi Ges SvD MvQ mgy`ª ˆmK Z jvmv bv h Z cv i hgb fv e K evrv ii mgy`ª ˆmK Z jvmv bv n q Q N~wY So cöey GjvKvq G MvQ jv LyeB Dc hvmx KviY S o G MvQ jv mn RB f O hvq bv Abykxjbx: wmöb wd½vi P vw úqb wewfbœ cörvwzi MvQ jvmv bv I mewr Pvl Kivi gva g Zywg Zvgvi wb Ri Rb GKwU QvU evmvb ˆZwi Ki Z cvi GB evmvb ˆZwi Kivi d j GKw` K hgb Zywg Avb ` cv e, Ab w` K Zzwg wb R K mgv Ri GKRb iæwpkxj I `vwqz kxj gvbyl wn m e M o Zyj Z cvi e P jv Avgiv mevb dzj I d ji MvQ jvmv bvi A½xKvi Kwi evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 45
Avgvi MvQ jvmv bvi evrmwik cwikíbv Rvbyqvwi - gvp GwcÖj - Ryb RyjvB - m Þ ^i A ±vei-ww m ^i bee l i w`b Avwg Avgvi evwoi cq b GKwU...MvQ jvwm qwq Avwg Avgvi `vw` K Zvui Rb w` b GKwU...MvQ jvmv Z DØy K iwq Avgv `i z j 26 k gvp ^vaxbzv w`e m Avgiv... MvQ jvmve, Zv n e KvbvKzwbfv e cöwz e ivcy w`e m Avwg I Avgvi eüyiv... MvQ jvmve evsjv bee l i w`b Avgvi eüy I Avwg GKwU...MvQ jvwm qwq Avgv `i z j Avwg I Avgvi eüyiv GKwU...dzj MvQ jvwm qwq e ivcy w`e m cwiev ii c _ K Avgiv GKwU... MvQ jvwm qwq el vkvj Avgvi Rb w` b Avwg GKwU...dyj MvQ jvwm qwq GKwU eo Rwg Z Avwg mewr jvwm qwq (wkg, U g Uv, e b BZ vw`) Avwg GLvb _ K Avgvi gv K mewr w` qwq AZ wak Mig el vkvj cix vi mgq AZ wak Mig el vkvj Avgv `i z j 16 B ww m ^i, werq w`e m Avgiv... MvQ jvmve, Zv n e KvbvKzwb fv e gvu Mv Qi msl v:... gvu Mv Qi msl v:... gvu Mv Qi msl v:... gvu Mv Qi msl v:... we:`ª: k~b v b h me MvQ jvwm q Qv Zvi bvg wjl Avi k li QK jv Z Mv Qi msl v wjl Awf hvrb hvm Pvlvev` K wl GKwU Rjevqy ms e`bkxj LvZ ZvB Rjevqyi Dcv`vb hgb e wócvz, m~h Zvc Ges m~h iwk i Dci K wl Drcv`b Z_v D P djb wbf i K i Awf hvrb hvm Pvlvev` ej Z Ggb Pvl c wz K eysvq hv Z km jeyv³zv I Liv mwnòz nq Ges GB me `y h v Mi Kvi Y wzi cwigvy Kgv bv hvq ev Gov bv hvq wkqy km Av Q h jv mbvzb k m i wekí wn m e Pvl Kiv hvq hgb weª avb 47 (GK cökvi avb hv jeyv³zv mnbkxj), guiïwu, U g Uv, ZigyR, ev`vg, gwip Ges A bk iwe km I kxzkvjxb km 46 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
K lk 1: Òev bi R j fvm jv Rwg, m ½ G jv bvbv mb Rwg Z nq bv dmj, cöwzkvi bvb Rvbv Zvgvi Rwg meyr Zey, dj Q lvj-avbv `vnvb Zvgvi, GKUz Avgvq Dcvq e jv bvó K lk 2: ÒDcK j evm Avgv `i, Avm ZB cv i bvbv bvbv gvwui dmj wk wk, Av Q Avgvi Rvbv weª avb-47 eyb Z Zvgvq K K i Q gvbv? `L e Kgb dmj d j, Afve Avi n e bvó evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 47
Uwej: km cwäkv evsjv cwäkv gšmyg ev FZy AvenvIqvi aib K wl/km Bs iwr cwäkv ˆekvL MÖx Kvj Mig AvDk GwcÖj- g ˆR ô MÖx Kvj Mig AvDk g-ryb Avlvp el vkvj Av` ª Avgb Ryb-RyjvB kövey el vkvj Av` ª Avgb RyjvB-AvM fv`ª kirkvj Av` ª Avgb AvM - m Þ ^i Avwk b kirkvj Av` ª Avgb m Þ ^i-a ±vei KvwZ K ngšíkvj ï ev iv/iwe A ±vei-b f ^i AMÖnvqY ngšíkvj ï ev iv/iwe b f ^i-ww m ^i cšl kxzkvj ï ev iv/iwe ww m ^i-rvbyqvwi gvn kxzkvj ï ev iv/iwe Rvbyqvwi- deªæqvwi dvêyb emš Kvj Mig AvDk deªæqvwi-gvp ˆPÎ emš Kvj Mig AvDk gvp -GwcÖj cökgb KŠkj cövk wzk `y h v Mi m ve SzuwK Kgv bv ev wbqš Y Kiv KB `y h vm cökgb ejv nq cökgb KŠk ji g a Rjevqy cwiez bi Dcv`vb jv K we kl K i Kve b-wvb-a vbw M vm wbm Z nq bv Ggb me wekí Rxevk R vjvwbi e envi Kiv me P q mnr A_P Kvh Kix cöwµqv e envi Kgv bv (Reduce) e y ev wrwb mi e envi Ggbfv e Kgv Z n e hv Z Gi Kvh KvwiZv m ú~y fv e A yyœ _v K; ` Zvi mv _ Dbœq bi mkj KvR hb Pj Z cv i mw` K j ivl Z n e hgb: d vb, jvbu, Kw úduvi Ges Ab vb we`y rpvwjz hš cvwzi mybp eü ivlv hlb G jvi e envi eü _v K; d vb Ges GqviKwÛk bi fwjdg Kwg q ivlv; wdjv g U jvb Ui e envi Kgv bv; we`yr mvköqx evwz/gbvwr evj I mšikw³ e envi Kiv; DbœZ Pyjv e envi K i A bk ewk R vjvwb mvköq Kiv hvq; e envwik Rxe b cvkv-gvko gvivi Rb KxUbvk Ki e envi Kgv bv; cvwbi AcPq iva Kiv 48 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
e i cybe envi (Reuse) hlv b m e evwzj wrwbm jv cybe envi Kiv Pvj, Wvj I kvk-mewr avqv cvwb evwo Z ˆZwi dzj-d ji evmv b `qv h Z cv i kvk-mewri Dw Qó; welv³ bq I wmb _wuk bq Ggb wrwbm Ges ivmvqwbkfv e welv³ bq Ggb wrwbm hšwmk mvi wn m e e envi Kiv h Z cv i c v KU bb ev Kg c v KU Av Q Ggb wrwbm Kbv Ges cybivq e envi Kiv hvq Ggb c v KU Kbv cybivq e envi Dc hvmx Kiv (Recycle) cybe env ii Rb cöwµqvrvz K i Avevi bzyb wrwbm evbv bv K wi-mvb Kj ejv nq wi-mvb Kj c wz Z Avgv `i e eüz wbz bwgwëk e i cövq A a K KB bzyb e y Z cwiyz Ki Z cvwi hlb Avgiv Kv bv wrwbm K d j w`e ZLb Avgv `i f e `Lv DwPZ h d j `qv e ywu wk Kv bv fv e wi-mvb Kj Kivi hvm wkbv wi-mvb Kj Kiv hvq Ggb KvMR Avgv `i µq Kiv DwPZ cwimsl vb e j h, cöwz Ub wi-mvb Kj KvMR _ K cövq 17 wu MvQ i v Kiv hvq bevqb hvm kw³ cövk wzk Drm _ K cövß kw³ hv evievi e envi Kiv hvq Ges KL bv G Kev i wbt kl n q hvq bv Ggb bevqb hvm kw³ e envi Ki Z n e, hgb: evqykw³, cvwbkw³, mšikw³ Ges ˆRekw³ c w_ex Z cövq 54% kw³i Drm n Q ˆRe e GB RvZxq kw³ jv _ K cöavb wmöbnvdm M vm h_v Kve b-wvb-a vbw M vm wbtmiy nq bv e j GB bevqb hvm kw³ jv Rjevqy cwiez b Kvbiƒc Lvivc cöfve d j bv GKwU we`y r mvköqx evj mvaviy ev j i Zyjbvq gvî bq fv Mi GK fvm we`y r e envi K i mgvb Av jv `q evsjv ` k KjKviLvbvq I we`y r Drcv` b cöavb Drm ev DcKiY wnmv e e eüz nq cövk wzk M vm mv cöwzk mg q mši we`y Zi e envi MÖvg AÂ j ek RbwcÖq n q DV Q Qwe: BmwZqvK mvenvb evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 49
Aa vq-5 w` Uzj wku GB Aa vq A bk jv Abykxjbx w` q mvrv bv n q Q, hv `y h v Mi c~ e, `y h vm PjvKvjxb I `y h v Mi ciez x mgq KiYxq Kv R `ÿzv AR b mnvqzv Ki e c KU-1: `y h vm welqk Ávb AR b Zvgvi GjvKvq cövk wzk SzuwK ev `y h vm m ú K Rv bv: úkvj bvu eb ev LvZv `y h v Mi ZvwjKv ˆZwi i Z c~y NUbvewji D jøl `y h vm gvkvwejv Qwe Ges ccvi wk wcs (Paper Clipping) we klfv e GKwU bvu eb ev LvZv ˆZwi Ki Zvi Dci úó K i Zvgvi bvg, Zvgvi evwo Ges y ji wvkvbv wjl GB bvu eb ev LvZvi GKwU bvg `vi Zvgvi GjvKvq G ch š hme `y h vm AvNvZ n b Q Zvi bvg jv wjl m e n j ZvwiL Ges mvjmn D jøl Ki `y h v Mi Kvi Y gvby li g a N U Ggb 3-4 wu AwZ i Z c~y NUbv weeiymn D jøl Ki Zvgvi GjvKvi RbMY mvd j i mv _ `y h vm gvkvwejv K i Q Ggb 3-4 wu NUbv ey bv Ki wkqy Qwe hvmvo Ki; `y h v Mi Dci cwîkvi Lei hvmvo Ki (evsjv `kmn we k i h Kv bv `k) cwîkv _ K cövß Lei jv K U Zvgvi bvu eb/ LvZvq AvU K ivl Zvgvi cwiev ii m`m `i mv _ GB welq wb q Av jvpbv Ki 50 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
`y h vm welqk kã Pqb wb Pi Q K K qkwu kã jykv bv Av Q kã jv Lyu R ei Ki: R d Szu wk q j C j e Yv ³ Zv g iæ K U Y K `y h v M b Kv A M e b v Wv c wz Zv Zv c `v n e R d Sz wk q wó M jv N~ wy S o c Îv Qv k W a b `x fv O b ` my bv wg I s L R j ev qy Av iv evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 51
k~b vb c~iy Ki: 1. c w_ex K wn i evzv mi h i i q Q Zv K ------------------ e j 2. kxzkv j ivz ------------------ Ges w`b ------------------ nq 3. Zj `k fiv Ui Kvi Y b`x Zvi ------------------ nvwi q Q 4. Avgv `i ` ki gvbylrb b`xi `yb cv o ------------------M o Zv j 5. h Kv bv RvqMvi Kgc 30 eq ii Mo AvenvIqv K mb GjvKvi ------------------ e j 6. cövk wzk ev gvbem ó `y f vm m wókvix Ae v K ------------------ e j 7. mgy`ªc ôi D PZv e w Ges R jv Q v mi Kvi Y ------------------ cvwb g~j f~l Ð Xy K c o 8. kxzkv j e wócvz ------------------ 9. 1999 mv j 5.2 gvîvi GKwU f~wgk ú AvNvZ nv b hvi Dc K `ª wqj ------------------ Øx c 10. MZ 100 eq i evsjv ` ki gvu ZvcgvÎv ------------------ wwwmö e w c q Q 11. DcK jxq AÂ ji AwaKvsk gvby li ckv K wl Ges ---------------- 12. Rjve Zvi Kvi Y ------------------ ivm evjvb `Lv `q 13. evsjv ` k KjKviLvbvq I we`y r Drcv` b cöavb Drm ev DcKiY wnmv e e eüz nq ------------- 14. `y h v Mi Av M ------------------ wn m e Zviv ïk bv Lvevi mwi q Avjv`v K i iv L 15. `y h vm AvNvZ nvbvi Av MB gwnjviv nvum-gyiwm I Mevw` cï ------------------ mwi q iv L 16. `y h v Mi Av M iwwi Ges Uwjwfk b ------------------ kvbv Ri wi 17. eb vi mgq gv Qi f m hviqv AvUKv bvi Rb cykzi cv o ------------------ Kiv nq 18. em vpvlx `i g a KvuKov Pvl GKwU ------------------ RxweKv 19. DcK jxq meyr eóbx cövk wzk `y h vm _ K DcK jxq AÂj K i vi Rb ------------------ wnmv e KvR K i 20. Liv Ges jeyv³zv mn Ki Z cv i Ggb dm ji Pvlvev` K ------------------ e j 21. U b Wvi vwqz Kvj LyeB ----------------- 22. gvbk, iwwi Ges ------------------ gva g GB mzk ms KZ cöpvi Kiv nq 23. ------------------ Ni-evwo givg Z mn hvwmzv Ki Z n e 24. DcK jxq ------------- eóbx n Q cövk wzk SzuwK jvnekvix GKwU DËg e e v 25. m~h iwk _ K Avgiv ------------ I Zvc cvb 52 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
mz /wg_ v wby q Ki (mz n j ÔmÕ Ges wg_ v n j ÔwgÕ wjl): 1. evqygðj c w_ex K m~ h i wzki AwZ e wb iwk i nvz _ K i v K i 2. MÖx Kv j w`b QvU Ges ivz eo nq 3. e wócvz dm ji Rb AwZ Ri wi GKwU Dcv`vb 4. dzj dvuv I AwZw_ cvwl `i cwiåg Yi mgq FZy I cök wzi Dci wbf i K i bv 5. Rjevqy cwiez b c w_exi RxeK ji Avevm, Lvevi Ges PjvPj wzmö Í nq bv 6. Rxe ewpî K g M j Lv ` i Dci weiƒc cöfve c o 7. kxzkv j e wócv Zi d j dmj Ges K l Ki e vck q wz nq 8. jeyv³zvi Kvi Y Pvlvev` hvm Rwgi De izv e w cvq 9. AwZe wói Kvi Y Rjve Zvi m ó nq Ges gvby li ^vfvwek Rxebhvc b e vnvz N U 10. 1999 mv j 5.2 gvîvi GKwU f~wgk ú AvNvZ nv b hvi Dc K `ª wqj m Øxc 11. DcK jxq A ji gvby li cöavb ckv n jv K wl 12. Rjve Zvi Kvi Y wewfbœ cvwbevwnz ivmevjvb `Lv hvq 13. K wl GKwU Rjevqy ms e`bkxj LvZ 14. engvb cvwb Z gkv wwg cv o 15. U b Wvi c~e vfvm cviqv m e 16. evsjv `k lofzzi `k 17. c w_ex m~ h i w` K wkqyuv KvZ n q ev Syu K m~h K cö`w Y K i 18. eb v, N~wY So, R jv Q m I Liv gvbem ó `y h vm 19. euva iÿv Kiv mk ji Rb GKwU Riæwi KvR 20. 2011 mv j kªxjskvq AvNvZ nvbv mybvwgi Kvi Y cövq `yb j Nievwo aÿsm n q hvq evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 53
c KU-2: wbivcëv wbivcëv cwikíbv: GKwU wbivcëv cwikíbv ˆZwi Ki (GjvKvi gvbwpî, AvB ww KvW Ges PK wj ) `y h v Mi mgq wbivcëvi Rb evwo Q o `ª Z AvkÖq K `ª vbvš wiz niqvi mgq GB wj cö qvrb n e GjvKvi gvbwpî ˆZwi: DcKiY: KvMR, cwýj, i jvi, ivevi I is- cwýj KvMR I cwýj bvi Zvgvi GjvKv, MÖvg Ges yj cwi`k b Ki Ges Rwic KvR kl Ki gvbwp Îi Dc i GjvKvi iv v jv Avu Kv; Zvgvi evwo _ K y ji iv vwu úó K i Avu Kv Zvgvi evwo _ K y j h Z KZ mgq jv M Zv Zvgvi gvbwp Îi iv vi Dci wj L ivl DuPy RvqMv, AvkÖq K `ª, nvmcvzvj, wk wbk, Zvgvi yj, Ab Kv bv yj, K jr, gv`ªvmv, gmwr`, gw `i, c v MvWv, PvP, `vjvb evwo BZ vw` K e Ë, PZyf yr, AvqZ Î, wîfyr Ges Zviv wpý Gu K wpwýz Ki Gici jvbb U b GKwUi mv _ Avi GKwU K hvm Ki Ges GK vb _ K Ab v b h Z KZ mgq jvm e Zv wj L ivl 54 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
GBevi Zvgvi gvbwp Îi Dci GjvKvq Aew Z b`x, bvjv, cykzi BZ vw` Avu Kv Zvgvi wk K K Zvgvi gvbwpîwu `LvI Ges wbwðz ni h Zv mwvk n q Q gvbwpîwu evwo Z bvi Ges Zvgvi evev, gv, fvb evb `i `LvI `ywu gvbwpî ˆZwi Ki GKwU gvbwpî wbivc` v b ivl evwoi mevb Rvb e h gvbwpîwu Kv_vq Av Q cö qvr b h KD hb mwu ei Ki Z cv i wøzxq gvbwpîwu AvU ccv i ˆZwi Ki Ges evwoi `qv j Sywj q ivl eq ii ïi Z gvbwpîwu cix v Ki Ges cö qvr b wvk K i bvi AvB ww KvW /cwipqcî evwoi cö Z K m` m i Rb GKwU K i AvB ww KvW ˆZwi Ki DcKiY: 3 Bw x 3 Bw mvb Ri GKwU cøbb KvW ccvi (cöwz m` m i Rb GKwU K i), iæjvi, Kjg, wdzv ev D ji `wo BZ vw` Zvgvi wk Ki wbku _ K GKUv bgybv AvB ww KvW ˆZwii Rb mvaviy KvMR bvi Zywg GKUv bgybv AvB ww KvW ˆZwi Ki, wk Ki wbku _ K cix v Kwi q bvi Ges Zvgvi cwiev ii cö Z K m` m i Rb I GB ikg AvB ww KvW ˆZwi Ki AvB ww Kv W i bgybv: AvB ww KvW evwoi bvg:... bvg:... WvKbvg:... eqm:... evev/gv Gi bvg:... wvkvbv:...... ^v :... Jla:... dvb bs:... AvB ww KvW wu c~iy Kivi wbqg: 1. evwo: h bv g Zvgvi evwowu Zvgvi `i vbxq RbmvaviY Rv b mb bvgwu wjl hgb: gi `i evwo, Rvnvb wgqvi evwo, meyr `vjvb, gvo ji evwo BZ vw` 2. bvg: cy iv bvg - h bvg z ji LvZvq Av Q 3. WvK bvg: WvK bvg ev QvU bvg, h bv g mevb mn RB Zvgv K wpb Z cvi e 4. eqm: eqi I gvm Ges Rb ZvwiL ( y j h Rb ZvwiL `Iqv n q Q) 5. cöh Zœ: evwo cöav bi bvg (evev/gvi bvg) 6. wvkvbv: WvK hvmv hv Mi wvkvbv 7. ^v : `xn vqx AmyL _vk j Zvi bvg hgb: D P i³pvc, Wvqv ewum, c vivwjwmm, c½y, cöwzeüx, Mf ezx 8. Jla: Kvb e vw³ Kvb Jla meb Ki j Zvi bvg 9. dvb: gvevbj dvb/j vû dvb 10. Qwe: Zvgvi GKwU v ú mvb Ri Qwe AvVv w` q jvmvi AvB ww KvW wui Dc ii w` K dz Uv K i wdzv w` q eu a `vi hv Z K i Ri wi Ae vq I `y h v Mi mgq AvB ww KvW wu Mjvq Szjv bv hvq evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 55
we`y r PgK Ges erªaÿwb h we`y r PgK `L e m wbivc`- G ai bi Kzms vi Avgv `i ` ki Kv_vI Kv_vI cöpwjz i q Q h KD erªcv Zi mgq AvNvZcÖvß n Z cv i erªcvz _ K euvpvi Rb Ô30/30Õ c wz: 1. hlb Zywg we`y r PgK `L e ZLb Zywg GK, `yb, wzb... K i 30 ch š b e hw` Zywg 30 bvi c~ e B erªaÿwb kv bv, Z e Zywg er«cv Zi AvNvZ _ K wbivc` bi, KviY erªcvz Zvgvi wbk UB n q Q we`y r PgK GKev ii AwaK n Z cv i wbivc` RvqMvq AvkÖq bvi 2. eo-j ^v MvQ ( hgb: Zvj MvQ), we`y Zi LuywU, avze e y Ges h Kv bv ˆe`y wzk hš _ K wbivc` `~ i Ae vb Ki 3. hw` Kv bv myweavg Zv AvkÖq bv cvi Z e ey Ki Dci fi w` q ï q co; A_ev `yb nvuuyi g a gv_v i L e m co 4. erªcv Zi ci hw` 30 wgwb Ui g a Avi wøzxq erªcvz bv N U Z e Zywg D V `vuovi Ges hz ZvovZvwo m e evwo P j hvi 5. N ii mkj ˆe`y wzk mybp eü Ki Ges mkj ai bi ˆe`y wzk Zvi cøvm c q U _ K Ly j ivl 56 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
c KU-3: Lvevi I cvwb Lvevi Ri wi Ae vq Kx ai bi Lvevi Rgv ivl Z n e Zv Zywg fv jvg Zv R b bvi Zvgvi gv, `vw`, eo evb Ges cwiev ii Ab vb m`m iv Lye fvj K i Rv b h Kvb Lvevi KLb, Kv_vq, KZ cwigv Y Ges Kxfv e msmön Ki Z n e Zywg Gme Kv R Zv `i K mvnvh Ki e wzb w` bi cwikíbv: hw` Zvgv `i K `y h v Mi Kvi Y evwo Q o h Z nq, Zvn j wb gœv³ Lvevi jv m ½ iv Lv: 1. wpov/gywo (cvwb wb ivak e v M k³nv Z euva Z n e hv Z evzvm wfz i XzK Z bv cv i) 2. gvqv hv o wgwk q gywo w` q ˆZwi Kiv (cvwb wb ivak e v M hv Z evzvm wfz i h Z bv cv i) 3. fvrv ev`vg, Pxbv ev`vg, fvrv mx gi exwp, fvrv KvuVv ji exwp (cvwb wb ivak e v M) 4. Uv we yu 5. wpov fvrv (cvwb wb ivak e v M hv Z evzvm wfz i h Z bv cv i) 6. ïuuwk gvq Ges wkqy cwigvy gmjv 7. Avgov dj (cvwb wccvmv Kgvq) 8. ïk bv wgwó hgb: P Kv ju, evzvmv, Av Li o BZ vw` cvwb e wói cvwb a i ivlvi Rb Mvgjv, evjwz BZ vw` eo cvî jv cixÿv K i `L cvwb Ggb GKwU i Z c~y Dcv`vb hv AZ š h Zœi mv _ e e vcbv I msiÿy Ki Z nq eb v A_ev N~wY S oi mgq Ab mvgmöxi Zzjbvq cvwbi e envi mxwgz Ki Z nq ZvB cwiev ii mevb wg j gv K M n vjxi Kv R mvnvh Ki `y h vmkvjxb mgq wbivc` cvwb msmö ni c wz: e wói cvwb msmön Zywg cwiev ii Ab m`m `i K Kjv Mv Qi fjv ˆZwi Z mvnvh Ki Z cvi cwi vi Mvgjv, evjwz ev Ab vb cvî fjvi Dci ivl fjvwu K k³ fv e Kv bv wkqyi mv _ eu a ivl hlb e wó n e ZLb e wói cvwb msmön Ki e e wói cvwb msmön Kivi Rb cwiev ii m`m `i K g b Kwi q `vi cwiev ii eo `i KvD K WvK hlb cvî jv cvwb Z fwz n q hv e Zviv cvwbfwz cvî jv wb q eo cvî jv Z Rgv K i ivl e Gfv e eo cvî jv e wói cvwb msmön K i fwz Ki Z mvnvh Ki evwo Z Mi I QvM ji R b I GKBfv e e wói cvwb msiÿy Ki e evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 57
cvwb cwi kvab U ve ju cvwb cwi kvab U ve ju w` q cvwb cwi kvab Kiv hvq Ges GB cvwb cv bi Rb wbivc` GB cvwb `xn w`b a i cvb Kiv Ges Ab vb Kv R e env ii Rb Dc hvmx n q _v K GKB fv e Mi I QvM ji Rb I cvwb cwi kvab Kiv hvq Lqvj ivlv Riæwi h, `~wlz cvwb cvb Ki j gvby li g Zv cvwbevwnz ivmrxevyy Øviv M ncvwjz cï-cvwlivi AvµvšÍ n Z cv i cvwb ivlvi vb DuPy ZvK ev kj&d-gi Dc i cvwbi cvî jv ivl Zywg cvwbi cvnviv`vi wn m e KvR Ki eb vi mgq gv S gv S cvwbi ZvK ev kj& di w` K mzk bri ivl Ges `~wlz niqvi c~ e B mwvk mg q eo `i Zv Rvwb q `vi 58 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
c KU-4: Riæwi e vm Ri wi e vm cö Z Kivi myweav _ GKwU PKwj ˆZwi Ki PKwj Abyhvqx cö Z KwU DcKiY mzk Zvi mv _ Riæwi e v M XzKvI Ri wi e vm cö yz Kivi Rb Zvgvi cwiev ii mevb K mvnvh Ki Kv bv wkqz ev` co jv wkbv Zv PKwj i mv _ wgwj q bvi AvkÖq K `ª Aš Zc wzb w`b _vkvi Rb Ri wi e v Mi GKwU bgybv wb P `Iqv n jv: 1. Kvco: cöwz m` m i Rb Aš Zc GK mu Kvco wb Z n e Kvc oi mu jv fvur K i cö_ gb e v Mi wfz i ivl cö qvr bi mgq mn RB Kvco jv e vm _ K ei Kiv hv e 2. Jla: cö qvrbxq Jla jv cvwb ivak e v M gywo q gylwu k³ K i myzv/`wo w` q eu a e v M ivl 3. AwZwi³ e vuvwi: e vuvwi jv cvwb ivak e v M i L k³ K i myzv/`wo w` q eu a e v M ivl 4. iwwi: GKwU QvU U«vb&wR vi iwwi ivl AvenvIqv I `y h vm evz v kvbvi Rb iwwi jvm e 5. dv GBW wku: UP jvbu, PvR jvbu, wu bi cøu Ges cvwbi Rb 2 wu Møvm/gM, MvgQv ev Zvqv j, mvevb, gvgevwz, g vp ev BZ vw` GKwU cvwb ivak e v M ivl cvwb ivak e vmwu cwi vi cøvw K evjwzi g a ivl Ges k³ K i gylwu eü Ki 6. Ab vb : gv`yi, cvwu Ges nvjkv Kvu_v mv _ ivl evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 59
c KU-5: Riæwi ^v e e v c v KURvZ Lvevi m vjvbb Kxfv e evbv Z nq - wk L bvi GKwU 250 wg.wj. cvwbi evzj bvi Ges wbivc` Lvevi cvwb w` q evzjwu c~y Ki m vjvbb c v K Ui GKwU Kvbv K U m vjvbb cvdwvi jv evz j Xvj evz ji XvKbv k³ K i jvwm q Gevi evzjwu K cö qvrbg Zv SvuKvI hlb m vjvb bi cvdwvi jv cvwb Z `ªexf~Z n e, ZLb m vjvbb cvwb LvIqvi Rb ˆZwi m vjvbb cvwb cwi vi Kv c X j cvwb k~b Zvq fym Q Ggb KvD K cö qvrb Abyhvqx cvb KivI (wkï, Mf ezx gwnjv Ges eq `i AMÖvwaKvi `vi) hz Y ch ší cvwbk~b Zv `~i bv n e, ZZÿY ch ší m vjvbb cvwb cvb Kiv Z _vk ZvQvov Avgiv N i e m wb RivI Lvevi m vjvbb ˆZwi Ki Z cvwi Lye mn RB `yb Møvm wbivc` cvwb GKwU cwi vi cv Î X j bvi GK gyv o ev wpwb `vi GK wpgwu jey wgkvi Zvici fv jvfv e PvgP w` q b o b o wgwk q bvi 60 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
c KU-6: Riæwi ^v wpwkrmv cöv_wgk wpwkrmv cöv_wgk wpwkrmvi Dci cöwk Y wb q Zzwg Zvgvi cwievi Ges cöwz ekx `i K cöv_wgk wpwkrmv I civgk w` q mvnvh Ki Z cvi G e vcv i Zvgvi GjvKvi ^v Kgx i mvnvh wb Z cvi dv GBW e mvaviy Ges QvU-Lv Uv RLg, K U hviqv Ges kix ii Kv_vI AvNvZcÖvß n j cöv_wgk wpwkrmv cö`vb Ki Z nq cöv_wgk wpwkrmv cö`v bi Rb dv GBW e h me DcKiY _v K Zvi we ÍvwiZ weeiy wbgœiƒc: DcKiY: dv GBW e 1 Zyjv: QvU AvKv i 2 c v KU (cvwb ï l wb Z cv i Ggb ai bi Zyjv) 2 MR: RxevYygy³ 3-4 c v KU MR 3 A vw nwmf cøv vi e vû GBW: wewfbœ mvb Ri-GK c v KU 4 e v ÛR: wewfbœ mvb Ri e v ÛR (j ^vq I cö ) 5 m vfjb/ WUj: GKwU QvU evz j mwjdkb ev wµg 6 KvuwP, wpguv, mdwu wcb, GK evwûj myzv, myub, myzvi ivj, mvevb, QvU Kvco BZ vw` 7 GKwU 250 wg.wj. Gi evzj Ges 5-7 c v KU Lvevi m vjvbb 8 c vivwmuvgj U ve ju (GK cvzv) evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 61
c KU-7: QvU wkï `i cwiph v wkïiv So Ges Ab vb `y h v Mi mgq Lye ewk fq c q hvq Lye mn RB AvZ¼MÖ Í n q c o wbwðz Ki Z n e Zviv hb me mgq cwiev ii eo Kv iv mv v K Ges wbivc` v b _v K wbwðz Ki Z n e hb iv Zi ejvq wkï `i Av kcv k Av jv _v K Zv `i wkqy P Kv ju ev wgwó RvZxq Lvevi w` q kvš ivl Z n e Zv `i K grvi grvi Mí ïbv Z n e Ges Zv `i h Kv bv ai bi cö kœi Rveve ˆa h i mv _ w` Z n e 62 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm
c KU-8: wbivc` evwoi AeKvVv gv (DcK jxq AÂ ji Rb ) Avgvi evwo Z eov Z G mv... n v jv! Avwg w`cy ejwq Avwg GLv bi nvb z ji QvÎ Avwg KzqvKvUvq ivlvbb m cö`v q evm Kwi KzqvKvUv n jv evsjv ` ki `w Y AwZ my `i g bvig DcK jxq AÂj Avgvi evwo Z G mv w`cy w`cyi evev w`cy w`cyi evev : nu v, GB Avgvi evwo Avgv `i GB emz evwowu Ab `i P q GKUz Avjv`v ai bi Avgv `i N ii Pvjv MvjcvZv w` q ˆZwi hv Avgiv mivmwi MvjcvZvi MvQ _ KB msmön Kwi G mv Ges ` Lv! Avgv `i GB evwoi wfwë evu ki LuywUi Dci ˆZwi I! GB h Avgvi evev evev Zywg ej, GB evwowu Kxfv e ˆZwi Kiv n q Q : Zvgv `i mevb K ^vmzg Avgv `i GB evwoi wfwë evu ki LuywUi Dci ˆZwi K iwq h fv e Avgv `i evev-`v`viv Nievwo ˆZwi KiZ Avgv `i evwowu gvwu _ K cövq 6-7 dyu DuPy Avgv `i DuPy evwo jv ïaygvî cövk wzk `y h vm _ KB Avgv `i i v K i bv eis Zv eb Rš _ KI Avgv `i i v K i, hgb ev Ni AvµgY _ K hlb R jv Q vm Av m ZLb evwoi wb Pi dvukv RvqMv w` q R jv Q v mi cvwb mn RB ewi q h Z cv i : GUv Lye mnr, ZvB bv? : Avwg wpš vfvebv KiwQ GB evu ki LuywU jv Av iv DuPz Ki Z n e KviY mgy `ªi D PZv e w c Z ïi K i Q Av iv ewk k³ Kivi Rb Avgiv BU ev Kswµ Ui wcjvi ˆZwi Kivi K_v fvewq evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm 63
w`cy w`cy : Avgv `i evwowu `yõzjv GLv b A bk GKZjv evwoi Av Q Avgv `i wkqy ivlvbb Awaevmx K evrv i emevm K i hv ` ki `w Y-c~ e Aew Z Zvgiv nq Zvev wkqy jvkrb K cvnv oi Xv j evwon i emevm Ki Z ` L Qv ZvivI Zv `i evwo jv LyuwUi Dci ˆZwi K i GB evwo jv h_vh_ fvimvg i LB ˆZwi Kiv nq : evev, Zywg Zv `i K ej, Avgv `i PvPvZ fvb `i cvnv oi MÖv g Kx N UwQj? w`cyi evev : I! GUv wqj GKUv Ki Y Kvwnwb MÖv gi GKwU Ask wqj cvnv oi Xvjy Z GB cvnv o A bk eqi _ K eb-r½j wqj wkš GLb mlv b Kv bv MvQ bb eb DRvo n q M Q mb K e GK mü vq cöpyi e wócvz nq e wócv Zi Kv bv GK mgq wekvj `y h vm P c emj cvnv oi P ovi GK Ask wvk b`xi Kv`vi g Zv AvjMv n q Mwo q wb Pi w` K c o Mj mb mgq gvbylrb Nygvw Qj cy iv MÖvg mb Kv`vgvwUi wb P Pvcv c o wpiw` bi gz nvwi q Mj gvbyl, Ni-evwo, Mi -QvMj mewkqy Avn! wk fxly e`bv`vqk wqj mb NUbv w`cy : evev, GLbI Kx mlv b Kv bv gvbyl evm K i? w`cyi evev : Avgvi g b nq bv cvnv oi Xvjy Z emevm bv KivB DwPZ KviY mlv b f~wgaÿ mi fqvbk SzuwK _v K w`cy : hgb Avgiv MvQ jvmvb S oi MwZ cöwz iva Kivi Rb Zviv wk MvQ jvmv Z cv i bv? w`cyi evev : Zv `i DwPZ MvQ, Svc-Svo BZ vw` jvmv bv hz ewk MvQ, Svc-Svo cvnv o _vk e, cvnv oi gvwu ZZ ewk k³ n e Ges mn RB aÿ m co e bv Avgv K GLb h Z n e Zvgv `i mv _ K_v e j Avgvi fv jv jvmj w`cy : Zvgiv Avgv `i evwo Z Avevi G mv! 64 evsjv ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm