NORSAR 45 years monitoring the Earth Johannes Schweitzer, Jan Fyen, Tormod Kværna, Svein Mykkeltveit & Michael Roth NGFs årsmøtesymposium i Oslo 17 / 18 September 2014
NORSAR History 1 1968 Governmental Agreement Norway-USA; NORwegian Seismic ARray (NORSAR) starts as Research Project; Building of the first large NORSAR Array deployed in eastern Norway
NORSAR History 2 1970 Finalizing of the NORSAR-Array (NAO) with 132 recording sites; NORSAR becomes a Section of the Research Council of Norway 1976 Array size reduction to 42 recording sites, new name NOA
NORSAR History 3 1985 Opening of the NORESS-Array (Regional Array Concept)
NORSAR History 4 1996 Comprehensive Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) laid out for signature in New York 1999 Norway ratifies the CTBT; NORSAR becomes the Norwegian National Data Center (NDC) for compliance with the CTBT; NORSAR becomes a Foundation (Stiftelsen NORSAR)
Seismic Arrays: NOA (PS27) ARCES (PS28) SPITS (AS72) NORES Seismic Stations: JMIC (AS73) AKN TROLL, Antarctica Radionuclide Station: RN49 Infrasound Array: IS37 (10 elements) ARCI (4 elements) NORES (9 elements) 8
Configurations of IMS seismic arrays, all in same scale. The subarrays of NOA are shaded and a line is drawn between each 3C site. 9
Jan Mayen (JMIC) AS73 Beerenberg Volcano Seismometer pit Communication/power 10
AKN 1500 m asl Åknes rock slope 900 m asl Top scarp 1 km 2 40 70 Mil. m 3 Hellesylt (13 km) Sea level Stranda (15 km) 11
TROLL Start: 05. Feb. 2012 Seismometer: STS2.5 Digitizer: Q330HR Continuous real-time data (100 Hz, 40 Hz, 1 Hz, 0.1 Hz) Troll Research Base 250 m 12
RN49 Spitsbergen Radionuclide Station Two technologies are implemented at the radionuclide station RN49 NOP49 particulate radionuclide station: CINDERELLA Automatic air sampler for radiation detection NOX49 noble gas station: SAUNA fully automatic system for detection of radioactive Xenon RN49 5 km 13
IS37 Bardufoss Infrasound Array Wind noise reduction system Pipe array layout at each site 14
NORSAR Digital Seismic Data 1971 -> 1976 triggered NAO data (132 sites, 22 subarrays) 1976 -> 1984 triggered NOA data (22 sites, 7 subarrays) 1984 -> continuous NOA data (22 sites, 7 subarrays) 1984 -> 2002 continuous NORES data (25 sites) 1987 -> continuous ARCES data (25 sites) 1992 -> continuous SPITS data (9 sites) 2003 -> continuous JMIC data (3C station) 2005 -> continuous AKN data (3C station) 2009 -> continuous NORES data (9 sites) 2012 -> continuous TROLL data (3C station)
NORSAR Infrasound Array Data 2008 -> continuous ARCES data (3/4 sites) 2013 -> continuous NORES data (9 sites) 2013 -> IS37 (Bardufoss) (10 sites) NORSAR Spitsbergen Radionuclide Data 2001 -> daily observation spectra
The Announced Indian Nuclear Tests 1974 / 1998
Spitsbergen Icequakes & Glacier Dynamics Köhler et al., 2014 28.05.2015 Page 18
Hauser et al., 2011 Barents Sea Lithospheric Structure
Local seismicity studies The 2008 Storfjorden earthquake sequence 18 February 21 February 24 February Observations at the SPITS array
Pirli et al., 2010 Local Seismicity Studies The 2008/2013 Storfjorden Earthquake Sequence
Kursk Accident 12 August 2000
Kursk Accident 12 August 2000
First North-Korea Announced Nuclear Test 9 Oktober 2006
Tracking of Icebergs
Infrasound Low-Frequency Sound in the Atmosphere For CTBT: Explosions in the atmosphere Other sources: Meteors, meteorites Industrial activity, explosions Rockets, supersonic flights, storm systems Scientific problems: Wave propagation in the atmosphere Understanding observations Structure of the atmosphere
Fukushima Nuclear Disaster 11 March 2011 Radionuclide spectrum 9/10 March Radionuclide spectrum 25/26 March
Stations with continuous (realtime) data transmission to NORSAR (status spring 2014) 29
Take-home Message NORSAR monitors since more than 40 years the Earth All recorded data are permanently stored in NORSAR s data base NORSAR has one of the longest archive of digitally recorded seismic data worldwide (the oldest digital data are from 1971) NORSAR has extended over the decades its network NORSAR stations are regularly upgraded to follow state-of-the-art technological standards All NORSAR data are freely available for research; including interdisciplinary studies
28.05.2015 Page 31 Thank You