International Science Development Teams (ISDT) Time-domain Science Masaomi Tanaka (National Astronomical Observatory of Japan)
ISDT members Initial member (2013 May) <= From each partner G. C. Anupama (India) Convener (will join later via skype) Lucas Macri (US) Enrico Ramirez-Luiz (UC) Masaomi Tanaka (Japan) Convener Xiaofeng Wang (China) New members (2014 Feb) <= Call for application (2014 Jan) Manjari Bagchi (India) Varun Bhalerao (India) U. S. Kamath (India) Keiichi Maeda (Japan) Shashi Pandey (India) Warren Skidmore (US) Chapter editor Nozomu Tominaga (Japan) Lingzhi Wang (China) Chao Wu (China) Xufeng Wu (China)
Update of Detailed Science Case (2014 July) 1. Introduction 2. Overview 3. Fundamental physics and cosmology 4. The early Universe 5. Galaxy formation and the intergalactic medium Thirty Meter Telescope Detailed Science Case: 2007 TMT Science Advisory Committee 6. Extragalactic supermassive black holes 7. Exploration of nearby galaxies 8. The formation of stars and planets 9. Exoplanets 10. Our solar system No section for time-domain science
Time-domain science?? Variability Tree Extrinsic Intrinsic Asteroids AGN Rotation Eclipse Stars Stars Radio quiet RQQ Seyfert I Seyfert 2 LINER Radio loud RLQ BLRG Blazar NLRG WLRG BL Lac OVV Microlensing Eclipse Rotation Eclipse Eruptive Cataclysmic Pulsation Secular Asteroid occultation EA Eclipsing binary EB EW Planetary transits Credit : L. Eyer & N. Mowlavi (03/2009) (updated 04/2013) ELL FKCOM Single red giants β Per, α Vir SXA SX Arietis MS (B0-A7) with strong B fields ACV RCB BY Dra RS CVn Binary red giants α 2 Canes Venaticorum MS (B8-A7) with strong B fields DY Per UV Ceti Red dwarfs (K-M stars) FU PMS GCAS Be stars ZAND Symbiotic SN Ia SN II, Ib, Ic Supernovae WR LBV S Dor SPBe λ Eri N Novae ACYG α Cygni Hot OB Supergiants β Cephei UG Dwarf novae BCEP SPB PG 1159 (DO,V GW Vir) He/C/O-WDs Slowly pulsating B stars (PG1716+426, Betsy) long period sdb V777 Her (DBV) He-WDs SX Phoenicis PV Tel He star V361 Hya (EC14026) short period sdb V1093 Her SXPHE ZZ Ceti (DAV) H-WDs PMS δ Scuti DST δ Scuti Solar-like roap Photom. RR Lyrae GDOR FG Sge Sakurai, V605 Aql γ Doradus δ Cepheids SR M CW Miras Semiregulars L SARV Irregulars Small ampl. red var. RR CEP RV Period. R Hya (Miras) δ Cep (Cepheid) RV Tau (W Vir) Type II Ceph.
DSC 2014 draft Type Ia SN Core-collapse SN SN progenitor GW sources GRBs Tidal disruption CVs Radio pulsars Cepheids 5.! TIME-DOMAIN SCIENCE 53! 5.1! Overview... 53! 5.2! Understanding the Nature of Type Ia Supernovae... 54! 5.2.1! Characterizing high-z Type Ia Supernovae: Towards a Better Standard Candle... 54! 5.2.2! Unveiling Explosion Mechanism of Type Ia Supernovae... 55! 5.3! Identifying Shock Breakout of Core-Collapse Supernovae... 56! 5.4! Tracing high-z Universe with Supernovae... 57! 5.5! Hunt for Progenitor Systems of Supernovae... 58! 5.5.1! Detecting Progenitor and Companion of Supernovae... 58! 5.5.2! Characterizing Circumstellar environment around Supernovae... 59! 5.5.3! Probing the Final Stages of Massive Star Evolution: LBVs and Supernova Impostors... 60! 5.6! Identification of Gravitational-Wave Sources... 60! 5.7! Understanding Progenitors of Gamma-ray Bursts: Connection to Supernovae and Kilonovae... 61! 5.8! Probing High-z Universe with Gamma-ray Bursts... 62! 5.9! Studying Tidal Disruption Events and Supermassive Black Holes... 63! 5.10! Cataclysmic Variables.... 64! 5.10.1! Investigating the Dissipative Process in Cataclysmic Variable Accretion Discs and Disc Evolution During Outburst Cycles... 65! 5.10.2! Revealing Geometry and Populations of Classical Novae... 66! 5.11! Companions of Binary Radio Pulsars... 67! 5.12! Improving the Hubble Constant and Measuring Extragalactic Distances... 68! 5.13! Summary of Requirements... 69! 5.14! References... 72!!!
Time-domain science?? Target of opportunity observations Type Ia SN GW sources Tidal disruption Core-collapse SN GRBs Classical novae Rapid response (telescope, operation) Time-resolved observations CVs, X-ray binary (accretion disk) Rapid sampling (instruments) Pulsars Monitoring observations Cepheids RR Lyrae Binaries AGNs Flexible time allocation
ToO observations => transient objects Theoretically expected Supernovae Nova Figure from LSST Science Book (after PTF collaboration, Rau+09, Kasliwal+,Kulkarni+)
16 18 High cadence ROTSE Magnitude Deep 20 22 24 26 KISS PTF PTF iptf SDSS SubaruPan-STARRS HSC SNLS LSST Subaru HSC HST 2022-28 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 Cadence (days)
The moment of supernova explosion 10 45 progenitor star 10 44 10 43 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Days Shock breakout Bolometric luminosity [erg s -1 ] 10 45 10 44 10 43 10 42 2 10 45 10 44 10 43 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Tominaga+09 0 20 40 60 80 100 > a few days Days since the peak (rest frame) [Days]
Apparent g magnitude [mag] 22 24 26 z=0.2 z=0.5 z=1 1 day! z=1.5 z=2 z=2.5 z=3 High-cadence 10 deg 2 survey with 27 mag (g) Typical supernovae at z~2 28 0 0.5 1 1.5 Days since bolometric peak (observer frame) [Days] Tominaga+11 R ~ 500-1000 Opt (g): ~27 AB mag Prompt (< 30 min) Optical spectroscopy with TMT New window to study supernovae (progenitor mass/radius, kinetic energy)
Observed Magnitude 18 20 22 24 26 Response time (day) 10-3 10-2 10-1 10 0 10 1 1 min Required response time Response with 5 min GRB (NIR, HR) 1 hour 1 day SN shock breakout (opt) LBV (opt) TDE (opt) SN CSM (opt, HR) High-z SNe Ia (NIR) High-z SNe (NIR) Low-z SNe Ia (opt) 28 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 Response time (min) GW source (NIR)
Time-resolved observations 75 ms spectroscopic sampling for cataclysmic variables Skidmore et al. 2004
Required sampling time By Warren Skidmore Sampling with 10 msec (100 Hz)
TODAY Antonino Cucchiara The Swift mission as high-z explorer: the GRBs legacy for TMT Jennifer Hoffman The Supernova Spectropolarimetry Project: Probing the Evolution of Asymmetries in Supernovae (Coffee break) Warren Skidmore Summary of time-resolved/polarimetric science Discussion
Agenda for discussion 1. Feedback to TMT instrument/telescope teams 1. Response time (telescope/operation) 5 min? 2. Time-resolving capability (instrument) 50 msec? 3. Polarimetric capability (instrument/telescope) 2. Inter-patner programs for ToO observations 3. TMT Key/Legacy programs