COMPOSTON AND ABUNDANCE OF SHRMP SPECES (PENAEDEA AND CARDEA) N FORTALEZA BAY, UBATUBA, SAO PAULO, BRAZL ilson Fransozo, Rogerio C. Costa, Fernando L. Af. Mantelatto, Marcelo A. A. Pinheiro and Sandro Santos NEBECC.Croup of Studies on Crustacean Biology. Ecology and Culture AF& RCC. Depto. de Zoologia. BB. UNESR s/n. 6-. Botucatu. SP. Brasil fransozo<aibb.unesp.br FLVf.W. Depto. de Biologia - FFCLRP - Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP) Av. Bandeirantes. - -. Riberao Preto. SP. Brasil MAAP. Depto de Biologia Aplicada - FCAV- UNESP - 7-. faboticabal. SP Brasil SS. Depto de Biologia - CCSE - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. 7-. Santa Maria. RS. Brasil ABSTRACT The abundance and spatio-temporal distribution of the caridean and penaeid fauna from Fortaleza Bay, Ubatuba, Sao Paulo. Brazil were analyzed. Seven transects were sampled over a one year period from November to October. A total of 77 shrimps were captured representing species belonging to families. The interaction of temperature and type of sediment was fundamental in determining the presence and abundance of shrimp species in die area.. NTRODUCTON Since human populations are growing along coastlines and their resultant anthropogenic impact thus increasing, gathering accurate information on benthic communities is urgently needed for proper management and conservation of coastal ecosystems (Alongi ). Along the Brazilian coast the shrimp fauna is reproeruedby6lspeckofderidrobr^ species'c^alpheoidea (Hohhuis ) and species of feiaemonoidea (Ramos-Porto 6). n Sao Paulo State, dendrobranchiates, palaemonoids and atpheoids comprise,, and species, respectively (ChristofFersen, Hdthuis, D'ncao. Costa etal. ). n spite of their economic importance, only a few studies have been conducted sofaron the shrimp fauna of Sao ftulo, namely those on their taxonomy (ChristDffersen, D'ncao, Costa et ai ), abundance (Pins, Nakagakietal ) and population biology (Rodrigueset al. Chacur and Negrenos-Fransozo, Nakagaki and Negreiros-rTansozo, Costa and Fransozo ). Trie aim of the present paper is to characterize the caridean and penaeid fauna from Fonaleza Bay, Ubatuba (SP) Brazil with emphasis on their abundance and spatiotemporal distribution as a function of the most relevant environmental factors, Le. temperature, salinity, depth, organic matter contents and sediment grain-size composition.. MATERALS AND METHODS Fortaleza Bay is located in the northern coast of the State of Sao Paulo ( *'* to *" S and 6'" to '** W). According to Castro-Filho etal(7) this region is affected by three water masses wim different distribution patterns in summer and winter. The Coastal Water (CW) mass is characterized by a high temperature and low salinity, the Tropical "Water (TW) rrassbyahightetnperatuiearkjhjghsalirury.amitriesoum Atlantic Central "vvater (SACW) mass by a low temperature and salinity following an annual cycle. Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers E. Escobar- Briones <k F. Alvarez Eos. MODERN APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF CRUSTACEA PR 7-
A. Fransozo, R.C. Costa, ELM. atto, MAA. Pinheiro & S. Santos The species constancy index (C) was calculated according to Dajoz (): OpxlOO/P, where "p" is the number of samples in which a given species was recorded, and "P* the total number of samples analyzed. Species were classified in three different categories: constant (C > %). accessory (% < C < %), and accidental (C < %). For diversity anatyses. the Shannon-Wiener (H ) and equitabtlity (*) indices were calculated as indicated by Krebs (). Table. Average values of abiotic factors obtained in each transect during the periodfrom November to October. Sediment grain composition is expressed as Phi ($ values. Transect Depth (m) Phi Salinity (%e) Organic Matter (%).... =.. =. Ml V V V V 7. =.. =.. =.6 7. =.....6....7..... * t.l... t.l. s.. =.7 6.7 *..........6 *.6 *y iff * or *' or *yor Figure. Map of the Fonaleza Bay. Shrimps were sampled in Fbrtaleza Bay. using a 7. m long double-rig net with a mm mesh size cod end. Samplings were performed monthly over a year, from November to October. During the monthly samplings, 7 trawls (transects) of km each (Fig. ) were performed. Average depth at Fbrtaleza Bay is m (range.. m). The mean annual values for temperature and salinity were. C (range.i C) and.%o (range. -.6%o). The mean value of organic matter content for the whole sampled year was.7% (range. 6.6%) and the sediment grain-size composition, expressed in Phi values (*) (Suguio 7). showed a predominance of fine and very fine sand fractions for most transects (Table ). A detailed description of sampling methods and the analysis of environmental factors at Fortaleza Bay, during the same period, are available elsewhere (Negreiros-Fransozo et al ). The relationship between species abundance and the variation of studied abiotic factors was assessed by means of examining Pearson's correlation coefficients at the % significance level (Zar 6).. RESULTS A total of 77 specimens was obtained comprising species belonging to families: Penaeidae, Sdenoceridae, SicyonOdae, Maemonidae, and Hippolybdae. The family fcnaeidae showed the highest speciesrichness (6 species) and abundance (66 individuals). Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 6) was a constant species (7%). followed by the accessory species Artemesia tonginaris Bate. (. %). The species Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Latreffle, 7), Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Perez Farfante. 67), Litopenaeusschmitti (Burkenroad. 6), Rimapenaeus constrictus (Srimpson, 7), Pieoticus muetleri (Bate, ), Sicyonia dorsalis Kingsley, 7, Sicyonia typica (Boeck, 6), Sicyonia laevigata Stimpson. 7, Nematopalaemonschmitti (Holthuis, \Q),Palaemon pandaliformis (Stimpson, 7) and Exhippolysmata oplophoroides (Holthuis. ) were considered as accidental contributing with only.% of the total abundance (Table ). With the exception of X kroyeri, recorded throughout the year, the occurrence of shrimp species varied throughout the sampling period (Table ).Farfantepenaeus brasuensis and E paulensis were present in samples from
^.Spedesa^Xa^andagnber<fsh^ea^ C»aw»ityCb-ODrtsmMc««ast^«i^ r mrt/spccto SNAHDAE Xjfrpenima krvytri fajpatptnotus braaueraa fffaapentma paukrws LfapgMfUS schmwi fgmptnaeus constriaia /gmm* Umpnaris Svtoul 6 7 6 7 6 6 7 76 Transects V 6 6 7 V V 7 V 7 Tool 7 66 C Co Ac SOLENOCERDAE ftggdcus mutueri S«fcwl SJCYONDAf Sgema donatis frhmral 6 6 6 6 MLAEOMONDAE Abwrnopninfiioi sehmini AHMMOR pandaufounts rtsoul 6 mptoutldae EMppotvsrrwta opiophomdes Satoou! TOTAL 6 6 7 7 77 77 March to May (autumn), L sehmini and opiophoroides during late autumn and winter and. finally, A longinaris recorded during summer and winter months. Diversity and equitabiliry indices showed great ' nation diroughout the study period being higher from November to lanuary and from May to August, when fewer mean temperatures were recorded (fig. ). The occurrence of only three species, i.e. X. boyeri, A longinaris and. opiophoroides, was shown be correlated to environmental factors, chiefly to fcpth (Table ). Xiphopenaeus kroyeri was captured in was where Phi values for grain-size composition var- *d between and. n die case of A longinaris, abun- dance was negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with salinity. Highest species richness and diversity were found in transects and. At those sites, sediments are mainly composed of very fine sand associated to other larger grains, and a high organic content in the sediment. High richness values were also obtained at transects V and V (, but differences among the remaining transects were not significant. At those latter sites, relatively lower abundance values reflect lower diversity with a strong prevalence ofx kroyeri and A longinaris compared to sites and. Lowest diversity and equitabflity indices were obtained at transect V (Fig. ).
A. Fransozo. R.C. Costa. E.LM. Mantelatto. MAA. Pinheiro <fc S. Santos Table. Number of shrimps collected from November to October in Fortaleza Bay. Month* ^" Famflio/Species N D F M A M! A S TO PENAEDAE Xtphopenatm kroyeri Farfcmupenaeus brasitiensis Farfamepenaeus paulensis Liiopenaew schmitti Rimapenaeus consmctus Artmaia bnginaris 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 6 6 66 6 7 7 67 6 SOLENOCERDAE Pteoticus mueiteri SCYONHDAE Skyonia donate Skyonia typica Sicyonia laevigata 6 PALAEOMONDAE Nematopalaemon schmitti Palaemon pandatiforrrm HPPOLYTDAE Exhippotysmata optophoroida 6 6 TOTAL 7 6 77 7 77 V DSCUSSON From the 6 species of Dendrobranchiata already recorded along the Brazilian coast, species were captured at Fortaleza Bay. Considering the limited area covered in the present study, it may be concluded that the shrimp fauna is well represented at the study area. Within the dendrobranchiates,x kroyeri is the dominant species. t represents the second most important fishery resource along the coast of the State of Sao Paulo, and its trophic relationships may be essential in maintaining the stability of benthic communities in the studied region (Pires ). The species Utopenaeus schmitti, Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis and E paulensis were less abundant, probably due to the lack of large estuarine areas within the northern coast of the State of Sao Paulo (Costa and Fransozo ). where certain penaeid species often constitute large populations (S toner ). The diversity of the caridean group was comparatively lower. Near Ubatuba Bay, where overall abiotic characterisctics are similar, six other caridean species were additionally found (Costa et al). The relative low richness at Fortaleza Bay may be associated to certain ecological features of caridean shrimps.
S i + M 6 =. o - -H* -o- r rv v transects V V i - 6 J* t<ul N D F M A M months ffan l.spatmand tempond \vnarion oftlie Shannon-Wiener dnerstry ndex fh's and equitability (!') during the study period (Satmber. to October. ii at Fonale^i Bay. Table. Pearson s linear correlation coefficients between the abundance of shrimps and abiotic factors at Fonaleza Bay. C indicates significant correlations. P <.) Species Abiotic boon Temperature SlfoWT Deep Orpnic maoer Phi Mphopenaem Antmaia jbwwi.6..*.* ionpnaris -.' ojr.*.. Pteoaaa mueiltri.6....6 Exhippotvstrvu opiophoroida -.6.7.* -.. Many caridean species occur on microhabitats associated to the rocky shallow subtidal. They often use algal canopy, shallow burrows and hydroid substrates as commensals during their life cycle or just as shelter to avoid predation. The shrimp community at Fortaleza Bay is largely dependent on the migration events of A. longinaris. die second most abundant species, since the presence of the seabob X kroyeri is constant throughout the year. High diversity and equitaboity indices were found from November, to January, and from June to Jury,, when large numbers ofa longinaris, P. mueueri, E. opiophoroides and L schmitti were captured. The lowest indices were found in April and from August to October,. due to the strong prevalence of X kroyeri at Fortaleza Bay. Pires () studied the benthic macrofauna off the ooast of Ubatuba and showed that permanent benthic communities rely on trophic relationships in which X kroyeri is a key-role species. The author also found that the abundance of X. kroyeri is related to the hydrologic dynamics taking place in the study region. During fall and winter, bottom temperature of the CW water mass ranges from to C, providing favourable conditions for the establishment ofx kroyeri populations. n contrast, average bottom temperature falls to values lower than C during the summer period due to the influence of the SACW water mass. The present study corroborates the data obtained by Nakagaki et al () and Costa (7), who observed seasonal changes in the abundance of several shrimp species at Ubatuba Bay. such as A. longinaris and P. mitelleri. which entered me bay during late fall and remained in the bay throughout the winter. The presence of these species was also noted during summer, when water temperature decreases due to the emergence of the SACW water mass. The highest number of species registered during the fall is mainly related to the presence of F. paulensis. F. brasiliensis and L schmitti. These species occupy the bay during short periods, co-occurring in this area only during May. They need to migrate to sheltered areas for the completion of their life cycle. Regarding spatial distribution, the highest diversity and species richness were observed at transect. where coarse sand contains high percentage of organic matter. n transects and V fewerx kroyeri and A. longinaris were captured compared to the other transects, probably because sediments at those sites are mainly composed by coarser sediments known to be unfavourable for the establishment of those species at Ubatuba Bay (Castro 7, Costa 7). According to Boschi (6. ), P. muelleri and,. longinaris do not require low salinities to complete their life cycles but prefer lower temperatures from to C. Such results would explain the seasonal occurrence of those species and their presence in deeper areas.
A. Fransozo, R.C. Costa, ELM. Mantelatto, MAA. Pinheiro & S. Santos Most of the recorded species are present in Fortaleza Bay because very fine sand is the predominant sediment fraction at this area (phi > ). Rimapertaeus constrictus, S. dorsaus, P. muelleriandx kroyeri are known to be associated to muddy sediments (Sanchez and Soto 7, Boschi, Dali et ai, Nakagaki et al, Castro 7, Costa 7). Based on the present findings and previous research (Fransozo et al.,, Negreiros- Fransozo et al. 7, Costa et ai. ), it is suggested that environmental conditions at Fortaleza Bay are favourable for the establishment and development of a diverse shrimp guild. Continuing research on both inshore and offshore areas in this subtropical region will provide a more accurate characterization of the shrimp diversity and contribute to a better understanding of their life cycles. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to the "Fundac,! de Amparo apesquisadoesmdodcsaopaub(fapesp),consdho Nacional de Deserivohomento Genrifico e Tecnotogico (CNPq) and Fundacao para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESPT for financial support. We are thankful to Dr. Maria Lucia Negreiros-Fransozo for her constructive comments on early drafts of the manuscript AH experiments conducted in this study comply with current applicable state and federal laws. REFERENCES Alongi DM () Ecology of tropical soft-bottom benthos: a review with emphasis on emerging concepts. Rev Biol Trop 7:- Boschi EE (6). Los camarones comerciales de la familia Penaeidae de la costa antica de America del Sur. Bol nst Biol Mar : - Boschi EE () Biobgia pesquera del langostino del litoral patagonico de Argentina {Pteoticus muelllen). Contrib nst Nac nvest Desarro Fesq Mar del Plata, Argentina, 66:-7 Castro-Fflho BM, Miranda LB and Myao SY (7) Condic,oes hidrograficas na plataforma continental ao largo de Ubatuba: variac.des sazonais e em media escala. Bolm nst Oceanogr :- Castro RC (7) Padroes distribucionais do camarao Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 6) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidae) na enseada de Ubatuba, Ubatuba, SP. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, nstitute de Biociencias - UNESP - Botucatu (SP), p Chacur MM and Negreiros-Fransozo ML () Aspectos biologicos do camario-espinho Exhippolysmata opbphoroides (Holthuis, ) (Crustacea, Caridea, Hippolytidae). Rev Bras Biol :7- Christoffersen ML () Distribution of warm water alpheoid shrimp (Crustacea: Caridea) on the continental shelf of eastern South America, between *and Lat. S. Bolm nst Oceanogr :- Costa RC (7) Composicao e padroes distribucionais dos camaroes Penaeoidea (Crustacea: Decapoda), na Enseada de Ubatuba. Ubatuba (SP). Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis. nstituto de Biociencias UNESP - Botucatu (SP). p Costa RC and Fransozo A () A nursery ground for two tropical pink-shrimp Penaeus species: Ubatuba Bay, northern coast of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Nauplius 7:7- Costa RC. Fransozo A, Mantelatto FLM and Castro RH (). Occurrences of shrimps (Natanria: Penaeidea and Caridea) in Ubatuba Bav, Ubatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Proc Biol Soc Wtth :776-7 Dajoz R () EcoJogia Ceral. Editora Vozes, EDl'SP, Sao Paulo, 7 p DaflW, Hill B, Rothiisberg PC and Staples D () n: Blaxter HS and Southward A (ed) vances in Marine Biology. San Diego. Academic Press, Vol 7, p D'ncao F () Taxonomia. padroes distribucionais e ecoiogicosdos Dendrobranchiaa (Crustacea: Decapoda) do litoral brasileiro. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Universidade Federal do fcrani Cuririba, 6 p - Fransozo A, Negreiros-Fransozo ML, Mantelatto FLM, Pinheiro MAA and Santos S () Composic.ao e distribuicao dos Brachyura (Crustacea; Decapoda) do sublitoral nao consolidado na Enseada da Fortaleza. Ubatuba (SP). Rev Bras Biol :667-67 Fransozo A, Mantelatto FLM, Bertini G, Fernandes- Coes LC and Martinefli M () Distribution and assemblages of anomuran crustaceans in Ubatuba Bay, north coast of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Acta Biol Venez :7- Holthuis LB () The recent genera of the caridean and stenopodidean shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda), with an appendix on the Order Amphionidacea. Leiden, NarJonaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, p
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