The Spatial Patterns and Root Causes of Land Use Change in East Africa PART 2: MAPS The Land Use Change, Impacts and Dynamics Project Working Paper umber 47 by Jennifer M. Olson 1, Salome Misana 2, David J. Campbell 1, Milline Mbonile 2 and Sam Mugisha 3 1 Department of Geography, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA 2 University of Dar es Salaam, Department of Geography, P.O. Box 35049, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 3 Makerere University Institute of Environment and atural Resources, P. O Box 7298, Kampala, Uganda June 2004 Address Correspondence to: LUCID Project International Livestock Research Institute P.O. Box 30709 airobi, Kenya E-mail: lucid@cgiar.org Tel. +254-20-630743 Fax. +254-20-631481/ 631499
Land Use Type K E Y A T A Z A I A Loitokitok Forest Irrigated Agriculture Rainfed Agriculture Rangeland Swamps Kenya-Tanzania Border Towns 10 0 10 20 Kilometers Coordinate System: UTM Zone 37 South Datum: WGS 84 1973 1984 Resolution: 80 Meter Landsat MSS Imagery Resolution: 80 Meter Landsat MSS Imagery 1994 Resolution: 80 Meter SPOT HRV Multi-spectral Imagery 2000 Resolution: 30 Meter Landsat ETM+ Imagery Map 2. Land Use and Cover Change on the orthern Slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, SE Kajiado District, Kenya, 1973 to 2000. Source: Campbell et al. 2003. LUCID Working Paper 47 32
1973 Land Cover 1984 Land Cover Machame Mweka Lyamungo MARAGU Old Moshi BOMAG'OMBE 2000 Land Cover Legend Towns/Villages Town Village Land Cover Classification Airfields Bush-Grass Mix with Cropland Bushland-Grassland Cloud Cover Degraded Forest (forest clearing regeneration) High Altitude Grasses Irrigation (herbaceous crops) Mixed Herbaceous Tree Crop Cultivation atural Forest Plantation (Sugarcane) Coordinate System: UTM Zone 37 South Datum: WGS 84 5 0 5 10 Kilometers W S E Swamps/Marsh Either Permanent or Seasonal Swamps/Marsh with Cultivation Map 3. Land Use and Cover Change on the Southern Slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania 1973, 1984 and 2000. Source: Mbonile, Misana and Sokoni 2003. Urban Areas LUCID Working Paper 47 33
Figure 5: Extent of Agricultural Expansion 1973-2000 1973 1984 Machame Mweka Lyamungo MARAGU Old Moshi BOMAG'OMBE 2000 Legend Towns/Villages Town Village Land Use/Cover Types Bush-Grass Mix with Cropland Bushland-Grassland Irrigation (herbaceous crops) Mixed Herbaceous Tree Crop Cultivation W E Plantation (Sugarcane) S 3 0 3 6 9 Kilometers Map 4. Extent of Agricultural Expansion, Mt. Kilmanjaro, Tanzania, 1973-2000. Source: Mbonile, Misana and Sokoni 2003. LUCID Working Paper 47 34
1987 10 0 10 20 Kilometers Coordinate System: UTM Zone 37 South Datum: WGS 84 Land Cover Type 2001 Afro-montane forest Bamboo forest Bush Dams Degraded forest Grassland Irrigated - rice Lake Rainfed - mixed bush/cultivation Rainfed - wheat and pasture Rainfed - coffee/maize (small scale) Rainfed - maize dominant Rainfed - tea/coffee Tree plantations/shamba systems Tundra/moorland/glaciers/grasses Urban/built-up Woodland Map 5. Land Cover Change, Eastern Slopes of Mt. Kenya, Kenya, 1987 and 2001. Source: Olson et al. 2004. LUCID Working Paper 47 35
Land Use Type Bush /range/grassland Rainfed agriculture Forest Urban / built-up 1961 Data Source: 1:25,000 Scale Aerial Photographs 1 0 1 2 3 Kilometers Coordinate System: UTM Zone 37 South Datum: WGS 84 1982 Data Source: 1:20,000 Scale Aerial Photographs 1995 2001 Data Source: 10 Meter SPOT Panchromatic Imagery Data Source: 15 Meter ETM+ Panchromatic Imagry Map 6. Land Use Change near Kiritiri, Mbeere District, Mt. Kenya, 1961-2001. Source: Olson et al. 2004. LUCID Working Paper 47 36
T T Y Y Tanzania 8 0 8 Kilometers 8 0 8 Kilometers Tanzania Land Cover/Use Lengend Tropical high forest (16.3 ; 47) Woodland (2.3; 7) Scrub/grassland (7.7; 14) Scrub/seasonal swamp (135.8; 136) Scrub/woodland (2246.8; 21) Woodland/seasonal swamp (90.5; 41) Seasonal swamp (48.5; 90) Papyrus (178.0; 102) Cultivation (small scale) (1429.1; 27) Open water (145.6; 36) Lmnp boundary Y Town Road Land Cover/Use Legend Tropical high forest (15.6; 46) Woodland (2.2; 6) Scrub/grassland (7.7; 14) Scrub/seasonal swamp (129.2; 133) Scrub/woodland (1544.7; 21) Woodland/seasonal swamp (86.9; 37) Seasonal swamp (47.2; 87) Papyrus (174.0; 102) Cultivation (small scale) (2143.9; 24) Open water (149.0; 36) Lmnp boundary Y Town Road B: values in the brackets repesent area in square kilometers and number of land cover/luse patches. B: values in the brackets represent area in square kilometers and number of land cover/use patches. Map 7. Lake Mburo ational Park and Surrounding Land Use/Cover, Southern Uganda, 1955 (left) and 2000 (right). Source: Mugisha 2002 LUCID Working Paper 47 37
Y Y Y Y Y Y 8 0 8 Kilometers Land Cover/Use Legend Tropical high forest (600.3; 292) Woodland (1.4; 4) Thickets (43.5; 93) Scrub/grassland (101.0; 97) Scrub/seasonal swamp (0.8; 1) Scrub/woodland (13338.2; 67) Seasonal swamp (36.4; 50) Papyrus (169.7; 134) Tall grass (6.5; 1) Short grass/bare ground (62.2; 54) Cultivation (small scale) (953.3; 186) Cultivation (large scale) (18.9; 22) Open water (4.4; 20) Sand/bare soil (4.6; 8) B:values in the brackets represent area in square kilometers and number of land cover/use patches. KP boundary Road Y Town Land Cover/Use Legend Tropical rain forest (542.1; 201) Woodland (0.3; 3) Thickets (31.5; 53) Srub/grassland (104.0; 94) Srub/seasonal swamp (0.1; 1) Scrub/woodland (159.2; 36) Seasonal swamp (48.1; 47) Papyrus (118.3; 116) Sand/bare grass (4.2; 7) Short grass/bare grass (56.8; 56) Cultivation (small scale) (2255.4; 45) Cultivation (Large scale) (17.6; 24) Open water (5.6; 23) B:Values in the brackets represent area in square kilometers and number of land cover/use Patches. Y KP boundary Town Road Map 8. Kibale ational Park and Surrounding Areas Land Use/ Cover, Uganda, 1955 (left) and 2000 (right). Source: Mugisha 2002 LUCID Working Paper 47 38
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