Name: 1) What element is present in all organic compounds? A) hydrogen B) nitrogen C) carbon D) oxygen 2) A molecule of a compound contains a total of 10 hydrogen atoms and has the general formula C n H 2n+2. Which prefix is used in the name of this compound? A) dec- B) pent- C) oct- D) but- 3) Given the formulas for two compounds: 6) Which of the following formulas represents an unsaturated hydrocarbon? A) B) 8212-1 - Page 1 and C) D) These compounds differ in A) gram-formula mass B) molecular formula C) physical properties at STP D) percent composition by mass 4) Two substances have different physical and chemical properties. Both substances have molecules that contain two carbon atoms, one oxygen atom, and six hydrogen atoms. These two substances must be A) isomers of each other B) the same compound C) the same hydrocarbon D) isotopes of each other 5) Which one of the following organic compounds is a saturated hydrocarbon? A) ethanol B) ethane C) ethyne D) ethene 7) Given the formula of a substance: What is the total number of shared electrons in a molecule of this substance? A) 9 B) 22 C) 11 D) 6 8) Which compound is an unsaturated hydrocarbon? A) hexanoic acid B) hexane C) hexyne D) hexanal 9) Which two compounds are isomers of each other? A) CH 3 CHBrCH 3 and CH 2 BrCHBrCH 3 B) CH 3 CH 2 COOH and CH 3 COOCH 2 CH 3 C) CH 3 CHOHCH 3 and CH 3 CHOHCH 2 OH D) CH 3 CH 2 CHO and CH 3 COCH 3 10) Which formula represents an unsaturated hydrocarbon? A) C) B) D)
11) A molecule of butane and a molecule of 2-butene both have the same total number of A) hydrogen atoms B) double bonds C) carbon atoms D) single bonds 12) A carbon-carbon triple bond is found in a molecule of A) butane B) butyne C) butene D) butanone 13) Which of the following formulas represents an alkene? 8212-1 - Page 2 19) Which of the following formulas represents 2-butene? A) B) A) C 3 H 6 B) C 5 H 12 C) C 2 H 6 D) C 4 H 10 14) Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain A) carbon, only B) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, only C) carbon and hydrogen, only D) carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, only 15) A double carbon-carbon bond is found in a molecule of A) pentane B) pentene C) pentanol D) pentyne 16) A straight-chain hydrocarbon that has only one double bond in each molecule has the general formula A) C n H 2n C) C n H 2n*6 B) C n H 2n+2 D) C n H 2n*2 17) Which of the following compounds is a member of the same homologous series as C 3 H 8? A) C 5 H 10 C) C 4 H 8 B) C 5 H 8 D) CH 4 18) The compounds C 2 H 4 and C 4 H 8 have the same A) empirical formula B) boiling point at standard pressure C) molecular formula D) freezing point at standard pressure C) D) 20) What is the total number of pairs of electrons shared between the carbon atom and the oxygen atom in a molecule of methanal? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 21) The organic compound represented by the condensed structural formula CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CHO is classified as an A) alcohol B) aldehyde C) ester D) ether 22) Butanal and butanone have different chemical and physical properties primarily because of differences in their A) molecular formulas B) number of carbon atoms per molecule C) functional groups D) molecular masses 23) Given the formula for an organic compound: This compound is classified as an A) amine B) aldehyde C) ester D) organic acid 24) What is the total number of carbon atoms in a molecule of ethanoic acid? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 25) What type of reaction results in the production of soap? A) saponification B) fermentation C) esterification D) polymerization
26) The reaction that joins thousands of small, identical molecules to form one very long molecule is called A) esterification B) polymerization C) fermentation D) substitution 27) What does the reaction between an organic acid and an alcohol produce? A) an aldehyde B) a ketone C) an ether D) an ester 28) Given the balanced equation representing a reaction: Questions 30 and 31 refer to the following: The formula below represents a hydrocarbon. 8212-1 - Page 3 CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 + Br 2 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 Br + HBr This organic reaction is best classified as A) an addition reaction B) a substitution reaction C) an esterification reaction D) a polymerization reaction 29) Draw a structural formula for butane. 30) Explain, in terms of carbon-carbon bonds, why the given hydrocarbon is saturated. 31) Identify the homologous series to which the given hydrocarbon belongs.
32) The graph below shows the relationship between boiling point and molar mass at standard pressure for pentane, hexane, heptane, and nonane. 8212-1 - Page 4 State the relationship between molar mass and the strength of intermolecular forces for the selected alkanes represented in the graph shown. 33) The hydrocarbon 2-methylpropane reacts with iodine as represented by the balanced equation below. At standard pressure, the boiling point of 2-methylpropane is lower than the boiling point of 2-iodo-2-methylpropane. To which class of organic compounds does the organic product shown belong? 34) Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for vehicles that use petroleum diesel. Biodiesel is produced by reacting vegetable oil with CH 3 OH. Methyl palmitate, C 15 H 31 COOCH 3, a compound found in biodiesel, is made from soybean oil. One reaction of methyl palmitate with oxygen is represented by the balanced equation below. 2C 15 H 31 COOCH 3 + 49O 2 34CO 2 + 34H 2 O + energy Based on the given information, identify the class of organic compounds to which methyl palmitate belongs. 35) Gasoline is a mixture composed primarily of hydrocarbons such as isooctane, which is also known as 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. Gasoline is assigned a number called an octane rating. Gasoline with an octane rating of 87 performs the same as a mixture that consists of 87% isooctane and 13% heptane. An alternative fuel, E-85, can be used in some automobiles. This fuel is a mixture of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline. Identify the functional group in a molecule of ethanol in the alternative fuel E-85 described in the reading passage.
Questions 36 and 37 refer to the following: 8212-1 - Page 5 The compound 1,2-ethanediol can be mixed with water. This mixture is added to automobile radiators as an engine coolant. The cooling system of a small van contains 6,690 grams of 1,2-ethanediol. Some properties of water and 1,2-ethanediol are given in the table below. 36) Based on the information given, identify the class of organic compounds to which 1,2-ethanediol belongs. 38) An unlit candle is secured to the bottom of a 200-milliliter glass beaker. Baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) is added around the base of the candle as shown below. 37) According to the information shown, state (in terms of molecular polarity) why 1,2-ethanediol is soluble in water. The candle is lit and dilute ethanoic acid is poured down the inside of the beaker. As the acid reacts with the baking soda, bubbles of CO 2 gas form. After a few seconds, the air in the beaker is replaced by 0.20 liter of CO 2 gas, causing the candle flame to go out. The density of CO 2 gas is 1.8 grams per liter at room temperature. In the box below, draw a structural formula for the acid that was poured into the beaker in the given experiment.
39) The incomplete equation below represents an esterification reaction. The alcohol reactant is represented by X. 8212-1 - Page 6 On the structural formula provided, circle the acid functional group, only. 40) The equation below represents an organic compound reacting with bromine. What is the IUPAC name for the organic compound that reacts with Br 2? 41) The equation below represents the reaction between butanoic acid and an unidentified reactant, X. Write the molecular formula of the organic product in the given equation. Questions 42 and 43 refer to the following: Many esters have distinctive odors, which lead to their widespread use as artificial flavorings and fragrances. For example, methyl butanoate has an odor like pineapple and ethyl methanoate has an odor like raspberry. 42) Based on the given information, draw a structural formula for the ester that has an odor like pineapple. 43) Based on the given information, what is a chemical name for the alcohol that reacts with methanoic acid to produce the ester that has an odor like raspberry?