Cartography the art of making maps

Cartography the art of making maps

A map is a drawing or a picture of the earths surface, showing how things are related to each other by distance, direction and size.

Maps are used for: Navigation Distance Direction Determine size Visually display data

Types of Maps Topographic map elevation Population map crowdedness Road maps Weather Maps Etc

What is on a Proper Map? Title Tells what map you are looking at. Key / Legend Symbols of objects on the map. Scale Shows distance or compares size.

Compass gives direction (N,S,E,W) WE not EW to get out of the woods. Landmarks/features objects such as mountains, buildings, parking lots ect. Labels roads are labeled to clarify which roads you are looking at Latitude and longitude For navigation

What is Latitude and Longitude Latitude & Longitude is a coordinate system To find locations on the Earth. We started using Latitude / Longitude For ship navigation Poor navigation = Bad Day

How do we tell which is which?

Latitude is the Measure of distance north and south of the equator. (Laddertude: Ladders go up and down) What is 0 Degrees Latitude? Equator - 0 latitude Halfway between North and South pole What is its range? Latitude range = 0 90 N or S What are lines of equal latitude? Parallels: Lines of the same latitude running East and West on a map, but measuring North and South. Parallel to the Equator

North Pole: 90 N Arctic Circle: 66.5 N Tropic of Cancer: 23.5 N Equator: 0 Latitude Tropic of Capricorn: 23.5 S Antarctic Circle: 66.5 S South Pole: 90 S All # s relate to 23.5 Earths Tilt

Longitude: Measure of distance east and west of the prime meridian Zero Degrees Longitude Prime Meridian 0 longitude Runs through Greenwich, England Longitude Range? Longitude Range 0-180 E or W Can only go half way around a circle. Lines of equal Longitude? Meridian - Lines of equal Longitude. Run between North and South Pole, but measure East and West. (Prime means first) What is the name for 180 The International Date Line is 180 Deg. Longitude

30N, 45W

Latitude / Longitude for Lagrangeville, NY? Lat / Long for Lagrangeville, NY 41 Deg. North / 74 Deg. West

Each line of Latitude is about 70 miles. Would this help narrow down your location? How can we break down Latitude and Longitude? Each Degree of Lat / Long can be broken down using decimals or minutes and seconds. 1 Deg = 60 (minutes) 1 = 60 (seconds) 42.95 deg N or 42 deg 58 45 N

Latitude first, must always include N or S Longitude second, must always include E or W Start at 0,0 Then move N or S, E or W. The intersection of the two lines is your location.

40 N 3 W Madrid, Spain 36 N 112 W Grand Canyon National Park 0 N 36 E Nairobi, Kenya 33 S 70 W Santiago, Chile 28 N 81 W Disney World - Orlando, Florida

Time zones - Longitudinal belt in which all areas have the same local time

Why do we have time zones? Earth rotates so not all places are in daylight at the same time. To fix this, different places are set to different times. Why does the sun move East to West? Earth rotates Counter Clockwise so the sun moves East to West and so do Time zones. (follows the alphabet E W) How fast does the Earth rotate? Earth rotates 15 deg/hour (360 degs. in 24 hours)

Where is the starting point for time zones? The start for time is the prime meridian (0 deg. Long) Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) or Universal Standard Time (UST). How far apart is each time zone? Every time zone is 15 Deg. Apart. (Earths rotation) What happens to time when we move to the West? Every 15 deg. you move West we subtract 1 hr (Lazy Californians) What happens when we move to the East? Every 15 degrees to the East we add 1 hour (Busy NYC)

Can we go back multiple days in time? To stop us from going too far back or forward in time, the International Date line resets the day. What happens when we cross it? Crossing to the west we add one day. Crossing it to the east we subtract one day It is the opposite of time zones! Why is the line not straight with the 180 deg meridian? The line does not run perfectly North and South (180 deg), it bends around islands in its path

US time zones: Eastern Standard Time Central Standard Time Mountain Standard Time Pacific Standard Time Alaskan and Hawaiian

What is the best representation of the Earth? The best representation of the Earth is a Globe. What happens when we try to make a map of the Earth? When the round surface of the Earth is projected on a flat surface, changes occur that distort the size and shape of land and oceans.

Mercator Maps show correct shape of coastlines. Distorts the size of land and water areas far from the equator. (stretch out The top and bottom) Greenland is made much larger than it really is. (Africa is really about 14x larger)

Equal Area Maps show area correctly but distorts the shapes.

Pur To learn what is on a proper map. Data Rough draft and final map 1.) What is a map? 2.) What is the study of maps? 3.) Name and explain 3 kinds of maps people use? 4.) What are 7 important features on a map (define) 5.) What changed from your first map to your final map? (Meaning did you add or change anything.) 6.) Explain 2 types of maps that try to fix the problem of distortion.

# Latitude Longitude 1 60 N 80 W 2 60 N 40 W 3 30 N 80 W 4 30 N 40 W 5 10 N 80 W 6 10 N 70 W 7 10 N 50 W 8 10 N 40 W 9 30 S 80 W 10 30 S 40 W

Conclusion: Define Latitude? Define parallels? (in terms of latitude) What is the zero point for Latitude? Define Longitude? Define Meridian? (in terms of Longitude) What is the zero point for Longitude? What are time zones, Why do we have them and how many degrees are between them? What is the International Date Line, where is it and why do we have it? Regents only Add secret code & % error