Name: KEY CP Biology Unit 5 Cell Energy Study Guide Vocabulary to know: ATP ADP Aerobic Anaerobic ATP Synthases Cellular Respiration Chlorophyll Chloroplast Electron Carriers Electron Transport Chain Fermentation Glycolysis Krebs cycle Light-Dependent Light-Independent Photosynthesis Photosystems Stroma Energy 1. How many phosphate groups are in: a. ATP-3 b. ADP-2 2. Energy is stored when we form a high energy phosphate bond between Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) and a phosphate to create ATP. 3. Energy is released when we break the high energy phosphate bond in Adenosine Triphosphate to create ADP and a P. 4. What type of energy is created from ATP? (circle one) MECHANICAL CHEMICAL NUCLEAR ELECTRICAL Cellular Respiration 5. Label the parts of the mitochondria below. 1. Which types of cells have mitochondria? PLANT ANIMAL BOTH 2. What is the overall purpose of cellular respiration? To create ATP from glucose in the presence of oxygen. 3. Which organisms do cellular respiration? PLANT ANIMAL BOTH 4. Write the equation for cellular respiration. Label the products and reactants. C 6H 12O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2O {Reactants} { Products }
5. What is the sequence of events in aerobic cellular respiration? a. Glycolysis b. Krebs Cycle c. Electron Transport Chain 6. Fill in the following table about cellular respiration. Process Circle one: Glycolysis Kreb Cycle Electron Transport Chain Where does it occur? (Be specific!) Cytoplasm of the cell Matrix of the Inner Membrane of the What goes in? 1 Glucose 2 ATP 2 NAD + Pyruvate (Acetyl- CoA), NAD+, FAD+, O 2 6NADH, 2FADH2, O2 What goes out? Next Cycle: 2 Pyruvates (Acetyl- CoA), NADH to ETC, 2 ATP 2CO 2 Next Cycle: 2 ATP, 6NADH, 2FADH 2 2CO 2 End Product: 34 ATP 6H 2O Overall Purpose To break down glucose into pyruvates and high energy electron carriers. 7. Why does the Krebs cycle turn twice for each molecule of glucose? Each molecule of glucose creates two pyruvates so the Kreb s cycle turns twice-once for each molecule of pyruvate. 8. What are the 2 different high energy electron carriers? a. NADH b. FADH 2 9. Why are high energy electron carriers important? They carry the energy from glucose from one part of the cell to another part of the cell. To create the high energy electron carriers NADH and FADH 2 To create ATP from the high energy electron carriers NADH and FADH 2. 10. Why is the concentration gradient of H + ions created during the electron transport chain important? The concentration gradient allows H + to diffuse back across the membrane through the enzyme ATP synthase through passive cell transport-diffusion. This creates energy that we can capture to create the bond between ADP and a phosphate group to create ATP. 11. Approximately how many total ATP are produced during cellular respiration? Which stage of aerobic cellular respiration produces the most ATP? Approximately 36-38 ATP are created during aerobic cellular respiration. The majority of this ATP is created during the Electron Transport Chain.
Fermentation 12. What is the sequence of events in anaerobic cellular respiration? a. Glycolysis b. Fermentation 13. What are the two different types of fermentation? What is the end product of each? a. Alcoholic Fermentation produces alcohol, CO 2 and NAD +. b. Lactic Acid Fermentation produces lactic acid and NAD +. 14. What is the overall purpose of fermentation? The overall purpose of fermentation is to create the electron acceptor NAD +. This allows the cell to continue glycolysis to create small amounts of ATP without oxygen. Photosynthesis 15. Label the parts of the chloroplast below. 16. What is the primary pigment in photosynthesis? What color is it? The primary pigment in photosynthesis is Chlorophyll. It is green. 17. What colors are the accessory pigments? Yellow, orange and red are the colors of the accessory pigments. 6. What type of energy is created from the sun? (circle one) MECHANICAL CHEMICAL NUCLEAR ELECTRICAL 18. What is the overall purpose of photosynthesis? To create high energy glucose from sunlight. 19. Write the equation for photosynthesis. Label the products and reactants. 6H 2O + 6CO 2 + Sunlight C 6H 12O 6 + 6O 2 { Reactants } { Products }
20. Complete the following table: Process Light-Dependent Light-Independent /Calvin Cycle Where does it occur? (Be specific!) Thylakoid Membrane Stroma What goes in? Sunlight, Water CO 2, NADPH, Water, ATP What goes out? Next Cycle: ATP, NADPH Overall Purpose 21. Trace the path of electrons in the Light-Dependent reactions. a. Water b. Photosystem II c. Electron Transport Chain d. Photosystem I e. Electron Transport Chain f. NADPH 22. Draw and explain how glucose is created from light-independent reactions/calvin Cycle? O 2 Next Cycle: Glucose O 2 To create ATP and high energy electron carrier NADPH from sunlight. To create glucose from NADPH and Carbon Dioxide. 1. The 5 Carbon molecule RuBP joins with a carbon from carbon dioxide to create a six carbon compound. 2. The six carbon compound is broken down into two three carbon compounds. 3. One of the three carbon compounds leaves to create sugar. 4. The other three carbon compounds gets recycled back into the 5 carbon molecule RuBP. 5. The process repeats one more time to create a six carbon sugar. We use the energy from ATP and NADPH to create a bond. 23. How do each of the following factors affect the rate photosynthesis:
a. Temperature-if the temperature gets to high or low, the enzymes will be denatured so that photosynthesis will no longer occur. b. Light intensity-as light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases but it will eventually level off. c. Availability of water-if no water is present, photosynthesis will stop because there is no electrons to replace the electrons lost in Photosystem II of the light dependent reactions. Comparison 24. Fill in the following diagram about cellular respiration and photosynthesis. 25. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration similar? Write as many as you can think of! 26. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different? Write as many as you can think of! 27. How do the equations of each relate to each other? They are cyclical processes-the products of one are the reactants of another. The Law of conservation of mass says that what goes in must come out.