Microorganisms Answer Key 1. What is NOT a part of the water cycle? a. condensation b. evaporation c. transpiration d. bacteria 2. Unicellular prokaryotes that may be spherical, rod or spiral shaped. a. virus b. antibiotics c. fungi d. bacteria 3. How do bacteria move? a. Flagellum b. Legs c. Filopodia d. Chemorepulsion 4. Where do bacteria live? a. Antartica b. Egypt c. Everywhere in the world d. America 5. How do bacteria reproduce? a. Sexually b. Binary Fission c. Splitting 1 of 8
6. Label the parts of this bacterial cell B - ribosome C - Cell wall D - cell membrane F - DNA G - flagellum 7. A chemical that kills bacteria or slows their growth without harming body cells is called a. a. pathogen b. antibiotic c. allergen d. histamine 8. Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protists are the four major human pathogens. a. True b. False 9. Which of the following is true about a virus? a. they are non-living b. they do not have a nucleus or organelles c. they do not have a cell membrane d. all of the above 2 of 8
10. What do viruses require to make copies of themselves? a. host cell b. light c. water d. xerox machine 11. Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus? a. skin cancer b. influenza c. type 1 diabetes d. ringworm 12. Which component of blood fights bacteria and viruses? a. Platelets b. Red blood cells c. Plasma d. White blood cells 13. Bacteria, Protists, Viruses and insects are all examples of Vectors a. True b. False 14. The system defends the body from invading microorganisms and viruses. a. circulatory b. excritory c. immune d. nervous 15. Cold sores, measles, and the flu are caused by viruses. a. True b. False 16. An organism that is microscopic. a. Microorganism b. Superorganism c. None of the above 17. Sex cells can only be produced through which of the following processes? a. Meiosis b. Fission c. Mitosis d. Budding 18. This is the splitting of a cell into two separate cells. a. division b. mitosis c. diffusion 3 of 8
19. What is the third part of mitosis? Metaphase 20. The final stage of the cell cycle is called a. interphase b. cytokinesis c. mitosis d. telophase 21. The cell grows to its mature size during a. mitosis b. prophase c. telophase d. interphase 22. In which phase of the cell cycle does the following happen: DNA replicates, organelles double and the cell prepares to divide? a. mitosis b. interphase c. anaphase d. telophase 23. What does the Mitochondria do? a. make protein b. moves materials c. Breaks Down food and releases energy d. stores food 24. What are the three parts of cell theory? All organisms are made up of one or more cells. All cells come from other cells. A cell is the basic unit of all living things. 25. What is the portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes called? a. smooth endoplasmic reticulum b. rough endoplasmic reticulum 26. What is the system of membranes called that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell? a. nucleus b. mitochondria c. cellnmembrane d. Golgi apparatus 27. Cells can die or become damaged. What cell process replaces dead or damaged cells? a. Cells divide to make new cells. b. Cells multiply by cellular respiration. c. Cells take in new cells through endocytosis. d. Cells grow larger to make up for the lost cells. 4 of 8
28. Which of the images below represents the state of the cell after cytokinesis? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E 29. What is the function of the large central vacuole in a plant cell? a. water storage and support b. protein production and digestion c. cellular respiration and photosynthesis d. waste disposal and storage of the genetic material 30. What is the basic unit of structure and function in all living things? a. cell b. organism c. unicellular d. plasma 5 of 8
31. Identify the parts of the eukaryotic cell A - Nucleolus B - nucleus C - ribosome D - endoplasmic reticulum F - cytoskeleton H - cytoplasm J - mitochondria K - vesicle L - Golgi complex M - cell membrane 32. Which phase of mitosis is this? a. Anaphase b. Metaphase c. Prophase d. Telophase 6 of 8
33. What phase of mitosis is this? a. Anaphase b. Metaphase c. Prophase d. Telophase 34. A group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function. a. organ system b. cell structure c. organ like your skin d. cell differentiation 35. What is the smallest unit of any organism that is capable of independent function? a. Tissue b. Cell c. Organ d. Muscle 36. Which cell organelle is responsible for controlling the functions of the cell? a. mitochondria b. nucleus c. ribosomes d. cytoplasm 37. The plant cell has many different functions. What is the function of the cell wall in the plant cell? a. protects things from coming in/out the cell b. makes glucose for the plant c. gives plant shape, support, and rigidity d. hold food, water, and waste 38. The levels of organization is which of the following? a. Atoms > Cells > Tissue > Organism b. Atoms > Cells > Tissue > Tissue System c. Cells > Cell System > Tissue > Organism d. Cells > Tissue > Organ > Organ System 7 of 8
39. The 4 types of animal tissues are: 1. Nerve tissue 2. muscle tissue 3. Connective tissue 4. Protective tissue 8 of 8