Use and demand of regions and cities > Roger Read > Deputy Director of Physical Planning Strathclyde Regional Council 1976-1996 > Secretary General METREX 1996-present > METREX - founded in 1996 > 50+ members from the 100+ recognised European metropolitan regions and areas (city regions) > www.eurometrex.org
Use and demand of regions and cities > Metropolitan dimension > Need 1 - Data on metropolitan areas > Need 2 - Definition of metropolitan areas > Need 3 - Metropolitan consumption > Need 4 - Metropolitan services of public interest > Need 5 - Greenhouse gas emissions data > Subsidiarity > European dimension Need 6 - European spatial planning Vision and Strategy process,
Metropolitan dimension to European affairs > Metropolitan areas contain 60%+ of Europe s 490m population > Key drivers of economic, social and territorial change > Key generators of climate change > Key components of the Lisbon and Gothenburg agendas > Need for informed decision making for and at the metropolitan level > Need for comparative data on metropolitan areas > Need for definition of metropolitan areas
Metropolitan dimension - Need 1 metropolitan data > ESPON 1595 FUA (Functional Urban Areas) > 7 key indicators - population, industrial, transport, knowledge, decision-making, tourism and administration > 64 MEGA (Metropolitan European Growth Areas) > Ranked by mass, competitiveness, connectivity and knowledge > +12 if tourism and administration ignored > +4 international and European gateways not MEGA > 80 ESPON MEGA/Gateways > 22 (40 FUA) with polycentric MEGA potential > METREX has identified others > Key concepts - Functional - Metropolitan - Polycentric
Need 1 Metropolitan data - why? > Functional - Metropolitan - Polycentric > Functional - urban area of influence - travel to work, housing market areas, retail catchment areas > Metropolitan - Coherent urban area or cluster of closely related urban areas and their areas of influence (city region or region of cities) > Functional metropolitan areas - basic building blocks for the EU Territorial agenda, for the Lisbon strategy (competitiveness) and the Gothenburg strategy (sustainability) > Functional polycentric metropolitan areas - ESDP (better urban balance through a polycentric approach)
Need 1 Metropolitan data - why? > Develop a metropolitan dimension to EU policy > Respond to metropolitan problems and opportunities, where these have a European significance, in the interest of Lisbon and Gothenburg > Enable polycentricity > Polycentricity based on co-operation (mass/markets) and/or complementarity (specialisation) > Polycentricity = Collective strength
Need 1 Metropolitan data - why? > Metropolitan dimension to EU policy > Most MEGA have potential or are weak > Polycentricity > A polycentric approach - one way to collective strength
Metropolitan dimension - EU policy > Assessments of metropolitan/polycentric areas (80+) on a SWOT basis - MEGA 2 > Identification and recognition of strategic metropolitan/polycentric problems and opportunities > Enable and support metropolitan/polycentric competitiveness, cohesion and sustainability > Promote and support metropolitan/polycentric potential and connectivity > Integrate the TEN-T programme with metropolitan/polycentric problems and opportunities
Metropolitan dimension - Polycentricity > Polycentric approach - one way to achieve competitiveness, sustainability, better European urban balance > Population mass > Connectivity > Definition > Identity > Recognition > Marketing > Influence > Support > Visions, strategies, governance
Need 2 Definition of European metropolitan areas - why? > Metropolitan = area of influence > Journey to work, housing market areas, retail catchment areas > Compatibility with NUTS levels and administrative areas > Work with Europe s 80-100+ metropolitan/polycentric areas > Work with METREX 50+ members > No definition, no comparable data, no informed EU policy and decision making, no effective action > No informed foundation for polycentric relationships
Need 3 Comparable EU patterns of consumption - why? > Globalisation and open markets > Consumer choice > Disposable income and patterns of expenditure > Patterns of consumption > Balancing supply and demand for development > Retailing (convenience and comparison goods) > Housing > Transportation (public and private) > Leisure and tourism > Comparable data assists informed EU/metropolitan policy and decision making > Assists polycentric relationships (cooperation and complementarity)
Need 4 Comparative forms and levels of metropolitan services of public interest - why? > Competitiveness and services of public interest > Education > Health > Public transport > Culture > Quality of life > Comparable data assists informed EU/metropolitan policy and decision making > Assists polycentric relationships (cooperation and complementarity)
Need 5 Greenhouse gas emission data > InterMETREXplus - Interreg IIIC > Climate change/urban change > European urban greenhouse gas emissions 20% of the global problem? > Metropolitan greenhouse gas emission assessments > Mitigation scenarios > Mitigation strategies (within Integrated Metropolitan Visions and Strategies) > METREX Network 50+ metropolitan areas + Tyndall Centre (UK) QuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.
Need 5 Greenhouse gas emission data - why? > Interreg IVC - METREX 80/50 > Research project with the Tyndall Centre (UK) > Comparison of European national and regional greenhouse gas emissions data availability > Enables the GRIP model to be run across Europe s 7 climatic zones QuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.
Subsidiarity > European, national, regional, metropolitan (city region) and local levels of decision making > Decisions taken at the most appropriate level > Each provides a context for the next level > No context - no continuity - no joined up thinking > Every level should feel an obligation to define, maintain and present its position, on the best available data
Subsidiarity > Environmental impact of development > Need, alternatives, locations, impacts > EU, national, regional, metropolitan, local contexts essential for coherent decision making and impact assessment > Integrated visions and strategies needed at all levels to enable choices to be evaluated and informed and balanced decisions to be taken > Particularly in relation to development and environmental impact (SEA assessments)
European dimension > Spatial planning and European competences (treaty references) > Now Economic, Social and Territorial dimension to European affairs - Territorial Agenda > Need an integrated European spatial planning Vision and Strategy (or Perspective or Framework) > ESDP process in the 1990 s > Metropolitan areas will be key building blocks in any European Vision and Strategy > Supports the need for metropolitan data and definition
European dimension > Vision to set directions and to enable stakeholders to, literally, envisage the future > Strategy to demonstrate how the Vision could be achieved > Vision and Strategy for a better balanced polycentric Europe (ESDP) > What would this look like? > How could it be achieved?
European dimension - Stakeholder responses > CPMR > ESPON > METREX > Visions and Strategies have been produced by stakeholders to provide their own context
European dimension - Contexts > Conference of Peripheral Maritime Regions (CPMR) > Typology of metropolitan areas > 41 Metropolitan European Growth Areas (MEGA) > Gateways > Development corridors > 7 GIZ (diagram extended by METREX)
European dimension - Contexts > European Spatial Planning Observation Network (ESPON) > 9 potential GIZ > Metropolitan assessments based on significance of industry, Universities, decision-making, administration and tourism > 76 MEGA. Global nodes (2), European engines (13), Strong MEGA (10), Potential MEGA (23) and Weak (16) > 7 international and 31 European gateways. 4 not MEGA > 80 ESPON MEGA and gateways > Shown by key functions
European dimension - Contexts > METREX Framework > Polycentric Vision, Framework (strategy), Action Plan and Benchmark > Can be downloaded from the METREX web site at www.eurometrex.org
European dimension > ESPON analyses - territorial balance between existing GIZ and the Mediterranean and Baltic/Danubian/Aegean areas > Pentagon, bounded by London, Paris, Milano, München and Hamburg is not relevant to the issue of territorial balance
European dimension - TEN-T Context > The EU Trans European Transport Network (TEN-T) - 30 priority axes and projects > ESPON +9 additional projects to support better European territorial balance > PolyMETREXplus adds improved connectivity from the Pyrenean tunnel > 40 European projects to support polycentricity
QuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. European dimension - METREX Framework > Framework for a Polycentric Metropolitan Europe > 100+ metropolitan areas, polycentric clusters and corridors > 40 TEN-T+ projects > Connectivity and balance
European dimension - METREX Vision > Vision for a Polycentric Metropolitan Europe > Connectivity N/S and E/W > Peripheral connectivity > Links to the core area
European dimension - METREX Action Plan > How can the Vision be realised? > Progressively, through well connected interregional and transnational polycentric clusters and corridors > European territorial context needed for confidence and commitment
European dimension - Polycentric precedents > Randstad > Øresund > Eurocity Basque
Need 6 Spatial planning process > Set up a European spatial planning process, with stakeholder involvement > Produce an Integrated European Spatial Planning Vision and Strategy > Monitor, review and roll forward the Strategy on a regular basis
Need 6 Spatial planning process - starting point > European Vision and Strategy > Longer term, broadly based and integrated > Starting point - ESPON MEGA+ (MEGA 2) analysis, TEN-T+ programme > European polycentricity - transnational and interregional > Polycentric metropolitan clusters and corridors > Cooperation and/or complementarity
Metropolitan Needs 1-6 > Need 1 - Comparative data on metropolitan areas > Need 2 - Definition of European metropolitan areas > Need 3 - Dynamics of comparative EU patterns and levels of metropolitan consumption > Need 4 - Comparative EU forms and levels of metropolitan services of public interest > Need 5 - Comparison of European national and regional greenhouse gas emissions data availability > Need 6 - Setting up a European spatial planning process, with stakeholder involvement > ESPON/METREX collaboration