PLANTS
Once upon a time, Linnaeus determined there were two kingdoms Plants -- autotrophs (they make their own food) Animals -- heterotrophs (they can t make their own food, so they eat other living things)
Then, van Leeuwenhoek discovered microorganisms. These soon became the third kingdom, Protists Plants -- autotrophs, multicellular Animals -- heterotrophs, multicellular Protists -- autotrophs and heterotrophs, unicellular
The electron microscope revealed that some living things had cells with a distinct nucleus (eukaryotes), while other living things had no clear nucleus in their cells (prokaryotes). This caused scientists to add the kingdom Monera.
Plants -- autotrophs, multicellular, eukaryotic Animals -- heterotrophs, multicellular, eukaryotic Protists -- autotrophs and heterotrophs, unicellular, eukaryotic Monera -- autotrophs and heterotrophs, unicellular, prokaryotic
Scientists then realized some of the living things they had identified as plants were not autotrophs. These living things had many features in common with each other, but were different from animals and plants. They were grouped together in a new kingdom called Fungi
Plants -- autotrophs, multicellular, eukaryotic Animals -- heterotrophs, multicellular, eukaryotic Fungi -- heterotrophs, multicellular, eukaryotic Protists -- autotrophs and heterotrophs, unicellular, eukaryotic Monera -- autotrophs and heterotrophs, unicellular, prokaryotic
Finally, scientists studying the genetic makeup of Moneran cells discovered that there were two distinct groups. The ancient bacteria (archaebacteria), and the more modern, common bacteria (eubacteria).
Plants -- autotrophs, multicellular, eukaryotic Animals -- heterotrophs, multicellular, eukaryotic Fungi -- heterotrophs, multicellular, eukaryotic Protists -- autotrophs and heterotrophs, -- unicellular, eukaryotic Eubacteria autotrophs and heterotrophs, unicellular, prokaryotic Archaebacteria autotrophs, unicellular, prokaryotic, extremophile
Plants The plant kingdom is huge and can be confusing. In addition to the KPCOFGS layers of classification, there are 4 6 others, depending on which method you choose. In our class we will focus on the Seed Plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms). Today, we will discuss two groups of angiosperms, monocots and dicots.
Plants are living things, and, thus, display all the characteristics of life. In addition, they are autotrophs, so they make their own food.
Plants make food through a process called photosynthesis. It requires water, CO 2, and light.
Photosynthesis in Plants Photosynthesis uses light energy to combine CO 2 and H 2 O creating glucose, a simple sugar. Air, including CO 2, enters the leaves through small openings called Stoma. Water (and minerals) usually enter the plant through the root system. They are transported to the leaves by tube-like structures called Xylem (Scrabble value = 17).
Seed Plants Are divided into two broad categories: Gymnosperms (naked seeds) usually conifers Angiosperms (vessel seeds) -- most garden plants Angiosperms are further divided into two groups: Monocots one seed leaf ex. grasses Dicots two seed leaves ex. most garden plants
Characteristics of Monocots One seed leaf (cotyledon) Major leaf veins are parallel Distribution of xylem in the stem is random. Pollen granules have one pore or furrow. Flower petals and other structures occur in multiples of three.
Characteristics of Dicots Two seed leaves (cotyledons) Leaf veins are branching in structure Distribution of xylem in the stem is circular. Pollen granules have three pores or furrows. Flower petals and other structures occur in multiples of two, four, or five.
In class, we will observe and document the development of a monocot and a dicot. C O R N L I M A B E A N S