Name: Date: 1. As a human red blood cell matures, it loses its nucleus. As a result of this loss, a mature red blood cell lacks the ability to (1) take in material from the blood (2) release hormones to the blood (3) pass through artery walls (4) carry out cell division 3. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. An artificial cell filled with a glucose solution was placed in a beaker of water, as represented below. The beaker was left undisturbed for 20 minutes. 2. Transport of molecules within animal cells is assisted by a system of internal membranes that make up the In the diagram below, draw in the expected location of the glucose molecules after 20 minutes. (1) endoplasmic reticulum (2) mitochondria (3) ribosomes (4) chloroplasts page 1
4. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. One of the effects of Hurricane Katrina, which devastated New Orleans in 2005, was the death of almost all of the plants in flooded areas. Initially, toxic chemicals and bacteria were suspected as a possible cause. Scientists later determined that the salt concentration in the floodwater caused the plants to die. Identify the process responsible for the effect that the salt water had on the plants. 6. Which diagram best represents the relative locations of the structures in the list below? A chromosome B nucleus C cell D gene (1) (2) (3) 5. In the diagram of a cell shown, which number indicates the structure in which most of the enzymes involved in aerobic cellular respiration function? (4) (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4 page 2
7. The diagram shown represents the change that occurred after a fluid was added to a wet mount of some elodea leaf cells. Which fluid was most likely added to the wet mount? 9. Living things contain units of structure and function that arise from preexisting units. This statement best describes the (1) cell theory (2) lock-and-key model of enzyme activity (3) concept of natural selection (4) heterotroph hypothesis (1) salt solution (2) tap water (3) distilled water (4) iodine solution 10. Which cell organelle is most directly involved with the bonding of amino acids? 8. Which organelle is correctly paired with its specific function? (1) cell membrane storage of hereditary information (2) chloroplast transport of materials (1) mitochondrion (2) endoplasmic reticulum (3) cell wall (4) ribosome (3) ribosome synthesis of proteins (4) vacuole production of ATP page 3
11. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. An artificial cell filled with a glucose solution was placed in a beaker of water, as represented below. The beaker was left undisturbed for 20 minutes. 12. Which substance can enter a cell by diffusion without having to be digested? (1) water (2) protein (3) starch (4) fat If both glucose and starch were added to the artificial cell, where would the starch be located after 20 minutes? page 4
13. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information and graph below and on your knowledge of biology. A student conducts an experiment to determine how the amount of light affects the rate of oxygen production in a plant. The graph represents the rate of oxygen produced for one trial, X, in the experiment. By the end of the experiment, the plant had not reached maximum oxygen production. The diagram below represents a cell from the plant being used in the study. Draw an arrow to a cell structure directly responsible for oxygen production in this cell. The tip of the arrow must touch the cell structure. page 5
14. A pesticide that kills an insect by interfering with the production of proteins in the insect would most directly affect the activity of (1) ribosomes (2) minerals (3) chloroplasts (4) mitochondria 16. A student observed a wet mount of some strained plant cells in the high-power field of a compound light microscope. Diagram A represents the general appearance of these cells. The student then added several drops of a liquid to the wet mount and continued the observations. Diagram B represents the general appearance of the cells a few minutes after adding the liquid. The liquid that the student added to the wet mount was most likely 15. The shape, size, and internal structure of the mitochondrion have been revealed by (1) studies of the chemical activity of enzymes (1) salt water (2) distilled water (3) pond water (4) tap water (2) the development of wet-mount techniques (3) electron-microscope studies (4) detailed studies of chromosomes page 6
17. Which cell structure contains information needed for protein synthesis? 19. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram compares cell functions with jobs in a factory. (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4 18. In a cell, all organelles work together to carry out (1) diffusion (2) active transport Which cell structure synthesized the Protein being exported? (3) information storage (4) metabolic processes page 7
20. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. In a cell, a variety of structures perform specific functions and interact to maintain homeostasis. The diagram below represents a typical cell with three cell structures labeled 1, 2, and 3. Select one cell structure labeled in the diagram and write its number in the space below. Explain how the cell structure you selected helps maintain homeostasis in a cell. In your answer, be sure to: identify the cell structure you selected state one function of this cell structure identify one substance that is often associated and state how that substance is associated with the cell structure identify one other cell structure and explain how it interacts with the cell structure you selected to maintain homeostasis in the cell Cell structure number: page 8
21. The diagram below represents a cell. 22. In which structure of the cell shown do photolysis and carbon-fixation reactions occur? (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D Which statement concerning ATP and activity within the cell is correct? (1) The absorption of ATP occurs at structure A. (2) The synthesis of ATP occurs within structure B. 23. State one advantage of using a stain to study frog skin cells with a microscope. (3) ATP is produced most efficiently by structure C. (4) The template for ATP is found in structure D. 24. Specialized cells and organs are necessary in multicellular organisms because in these organisms (1) fewer cells are in direct contact with the external environment (2) all cells are in direct contact with the external environment (3) a body type evolved that relied on fewer body cells (4) a body type evolved that required larger sized cells page 9
25. One similarity between cell receptors and antibodies is that both (1) are produced by nerve cells (2) are highly specific in their actions (3) slow the rates of chemical reactions 27. The arrows in the diagrams represent the direction of movement of a certain type of molecule through the cell membrane of two different cells. The dots represent the relative concentrations of this molecule. Which processes are illustrated in the diagrams? (4) are involved in digestion (1) phagocytosis and diffusion 26. In the diagram below, which structure performs a function similar to a function of the human lungs? (2) pinocytosis and osmosis (3) active transport and diffusion (4) dehydration synthesis and circulation 28. Which activity is a function of all living cells? (1) synthesis (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4 (2) locomotion (3) anaerobic respiration (4) extracellular digestion page 10
29. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram, which represents a unicellular organism in a watery environment. The s represent molecules of a specific substance. 30. Draw an arrow to indicate one part of the plant cell below that would not be found in an animal cell. The tip of the arrow must touch the part being identified. Arrow A represents active transport. State two ways that active transport is different from diffusion. 31. Which statement is not a part of the cell theory? (1) Cells are the basic unit of structure of living things. (2) Cells are the basic unit of function of living things. (3) Cell parts such as chloroplasts are selfreplicating. (4) Cells come from preexisting cells. page 11
32. The photograph shows a sample of stained frog blood cells as viewed with the high-power objective of a compound light microscope. 33. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a cell and its changes as a result of two laboratory procedures, A and B. Explain why procedure B has the opposite effect of procedure A. Structure A is best described as a (1) lysosome that stores hydrolytic enzymes (2) mitochondrion that produces ATP 34. The letters in the diagram below indicate some parts of a cell. (3) chloroplast that carries out photosynthesis (4) nucleus that regulates cell activity The function of which cell part is most similar to that of the human excretory system? (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D page 12
35. One difference between plant and animal cells is that animal cells do not have 37. Which structure indicated in the diagram of a paramecium is used for the process of egestion? (1) a nucleus (2) chloroplasts (3) a cell membrane (4) centrioles (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D 36. The diagram below represents a cell and several molecules. The number of molecules shown represents the relative concentration of the molecules inside and outside of the cell. Key Molecule A Molecule B Molecule C 38. Within which structure of an animal cell does DNA replication take place? (1) vacuole Molecule B could enter the cell as a direct result of (1) digestion (2) cell membrane (3) nucleus (4) ribosome (2) diffusion (3) active transport (4) enzyme production page 13
39. Which cellular process is illustrated in the diagram? 41. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a cell and its changes as a result of two laboratory procedures, A and B. (1) pinocytosis (2) hydrolysis (3) egestion (4) excretion Describe procedure A and explain why it would cause the change shown. 40. In a cell, information that controls the production of proteins must pass from the nucleus to the 42. The ability of estrogen to affect certain cells depends directly on (1) cell membrane (2) chloroplasts (3) mitochondria (4) ribosomes (1) amino acids (2) receptor molecules (3) gametes (4) nerve cells page 14
43. While viewing a slide of rapidly moving sperm cells, a student concludes that these cells require a large amount of energy to maintain their activity. The organelles that most directly provide this energy are known as 45. The diagram shown represents the fluid mosaic model of a plasma membrane. What do letters X and Y indicate? (1) vacuoles (2) ribosomes (3) chloroplasts (4) mitochondria (1) X indicates lipids and Y indicates proteins. (2) X indicates pores and Y indicates cellulose. (3) X indicates proteins and Y indicates lipids. (4) X indicates nuclei and Y indicates ribosomes. 44. Which structure is most directly responsible for maintaining homeostasis in all cells? (1) chloroplast (2) cell membrane (3) centriole (4) cell wall page 15
46. What would most likely happen if the ribosomes in a cell were not functioning? (1) The cell would undergo uncontrolled mitotic cell division. (2) The synthesis of enzymes would stop. 48. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. A wet-mount slide of red onion cells is studied using a compound light microscope. A drawing of one of the cells as seen under high power is shown below. (3) The cell would produce antibodies. (4) The rate of transport of glucose in the cytoplasm would increase. Describe the proper way to add a saltwater solution to the cells without removing the coverslip. 47. The development of the cell theory was most directly related to the (1) improvement of the microscope and microscopic techniques (2) use of a five-kingdom classification system (3) development of the gene-chromosome theory (4) discovery of bacteria and viruses page 16
49. A cell is represented in the diagram shown. 50. Which structures could most likely be observed in cells in the low-power field of a compound light microscope? (1) cell walls and chloroplasts (2) ribosomes and endoplasmic reticula (3) lysosomes and genes Which statement about the cell is correct? (4) nucleotides and mitochondria (1) Structure A synthesizes and secretes cellular products. (2) Structure B contains nucleotides involved in transmitting genetic information. (3) Structure C utilizes carbon dioxide in the process of photosynthesis. (4) Structure D is the site of aerobic respiration. 51. A substance is most likely to diffuse into a cell when (1) it is a large organic food molecule such as protein or starch (2) it is enclosed in an organelle such as a vacuole (3) the concentration of the substance is greater outside the cell than inside (4) the ph of the substance is greater than the ph of the cell page 17
52. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a model cell setup. The locations of three different substances are indicated in the diagram. 53. The data table below shows the presence or absence of DNA in four different cell organelles. Data Table Organelle cell membrane cell wall mitochondrion nucleus DNA absent absent present present Information in the table suggests that DNA functions Which statement best describes what will most likely happen after several minutes? (1) The contents of the model cell will change color. (2) The liquid outside the model cell will change color. (3) The model cell will shrink. (1) within cytoplasm and outside of the cell membrane (2) both inside and outside of the nucleus (3) only within energy-releasing structures (4) within cell vacuoles (4) The model cell will rupture. 54. A structure that performs a specialized function within a cell is known as (1) a tissue (2) an organelle (3) an organ (4) a system page 18
55. When an elodea leaf is placed in a concentrated salt solution, its cells lose water. When this process is observed with a compound light microscope, which organelle is more noticeable after the cells lose water? 56. (1) cell membrane (2) mitochondrion (3) endoplasmic reticulum (4) ribosome The diagram shows the same type of molecules in area A and area B. With the passage of time, some molecule move from area A to area B. This movement is the result of the process of (1) phagocytosis (2) pinocytosis (3) diffusion (4) cyclosis page 19
57. The chart below shows examples from two groups of organisms, multicellular and one-celled. The tissues and organs in group A perform functions that are Group A Multicellular Organisms Group B One-celled Organisms Cow Cat Paramecium Vorticella (1) similar to those performed by the tissues and organs in group B (2) similar to those performed by the cell organelles in group B (3) different from those performed by the tissues and organs in group B (4) identical to those performed by the cell organelles in group B page 20
58. What is the main function of a vacuole in a cell? (1) storage (2) coordination (3) synthesis of molecules (4) release of energy 59. Muscle cells in athletes often have more mitochondria than muscle cells in nonathletes. Based on this observation, it can be inferred that the muscle cells in athletes (1) have a smaller demand for cell proteins than the muscle cells of nonathletes (2) reproduce less frequently than the muscle cells of nonathletes (3) have nuclei containing more DNA than nuclei in the muscle cells of nonathletes (4) have a greater demand for energy than the muscle cells of nonathletes page 21
60. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a model cell setup. The locations of three different substances are indicated in the diagram. Which row in the chart below best explains the movement of some molecules between the model cell and the solution in the beaker? Row Direction of Flow of Molecules Energy Use (1) from high to low concentration without using cellular energy (2) from high to low concentration using cellular energy (3) from low to high concentration without using cellular energy (4) from low to high concentration using cellular energy (1) Row (1) (2) Row (2) (3) Row (3) (4) Row (4) page 22