GENERATING OF THE MEDIUM SCALE STATE MAP SERIES DERIVED FROM GIS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

GENERATING OF THE MEDIUM SCALE STATE MAP SERIES DERIVED FROM GIS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC Jaroslava Boøkovcová, Danuše Svobodová Zemìmìøický úøad (Land Survey Office), Nad Pøehradou 863, 26401 Sedlèany, jaroslava.borkovcova@cuzk.cz Zemìmìøický úøad (Land Survey Office), Pod sídlištìm 9/1800, 18211 Praha 8, danuse.svobodova@cuzk.cz ABSTRACT Fundamental Base of Geographic Data of the Czech Republic (ZABAGED ) as a data source for maps at medium scale. Other data bases being a base for various cartographic applications (Geographical Names, Thematic Maps). Processing of cartographic models at 1:10 000, 1:25 000, 1:50 000 and 1:100 000 scales. The technology running in MicroStation/MGE environment. Automated data processing by means of macros and batches. Cartographic model at 1:50 000 scale, its thematic applications and demonstration of the production line. INTRODUCTION The Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadaster (COSMC) is the editor of the state map series for the civil branch in the Czech Republic. The generation, updating and publishing of the basic and thematic map series have been provided by the Land Survey Office (LSO). It is also the administrator of data bases, from which particular map series are derived at the present time. First version of digital maps in the raster form originated in the middle of the nineties. It was obtained by the scanning of analogue map master films. Raster data are available for the whole territory of the Czech Republic at scales 1:10 000, 1:25 000, 1:50 000 and 1:200 000. Raster sets were updated depending on the updating of master films of single maps. In the year 1994 the Conception of the Fundamental Base of Geographic Data (ZABAGED ) was accepted. On this basis the work on data base constructing started. ZABAGED is a digital topographic model of the Czech Republic (CR) territory derived from the map image of the Basic Map of the CR 1:10 000 and improved in the process of the first updating by using orthophotos and photogrammetric processing of the selected objects. Updated ZABAGED serves apart from other things as a data source for the new generation of state map series. The new series of basic and thematic maps is already generated in vector form and is offered to the users either in the raster form or printed one. In the year 2000 we started the generation of the Basic Map of the CR 1:10 000 from ZABAGED by the digital technology. Step by step digital technologies for generation of other basic and thematic medium scale maps have been built up. Table 1 represents an overview of the production of the new basic maps generation by using the digital technology. Table 2 is an overview of the development of thematic maps digital technologies. Name Total number of map sheets Year of the digital production start Number of processed map sheets till the end of the year 2005 Basic Map CR 1:10 000 4535 2000 3976 Basic Map CR 1:25 000 773 2004 95 Basic Map CR 1:50 000 211 2002 111 Basic Map CR 1:100 000 59 2004 15 Table 1: Overview of basic maps production by using the digital technology Name Scale Year of the start of digital

production Road Map of the Czech Republic 1:50 000 2003 Review of Trigonometric and Supplementary Points 1:50 000 2002 Review of Levelling Network 1:50 000 2002 Table 2: Overview of the production of state thematic maps by using the digital technology THE FUNDAMENTAL BASE OF GEOGRAPHIC DATA OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC (ZABAGED ) ZABAGED is a digital topographic model of the Czech Republic territory in the national coordinate system S-JTSK and the elevation system Balt-after adjustment, corresponding in the level of detail with the map at scale 1:10 000. It represents a GIS, integrating the spatial component of the vector graphic with topological relations of objects and the attribute component, containing specifications and other object properties. Some attribute information, especially identifiers of some object types (water network, transport network), are transfered from the databases of their competent providers. ZABAGED consists of the 2D planimetry component and the 3D altimetry component. The database content is organized in three levels, namely in categories, types of objects and attributes. There have been defined eight categories, containing a total of 106 object types: 1. Settlement, industrial, agricultural and cultural objects 2. Transport network 3. Power transmission network and pipelines 4. Water network 5. Landscape units 6. Vegetation and soil 7. Landscape relief 8. Geodetic points From the view of precision of the object position ZABAGED distinguishes 5 precision levels (table 3): Level Precision (horizontal mean error) A Coordinate Geodetic points Example B 5 m Transport network, built-up area C 15 m D 30 m Peatbog, earth slide Watercourse (C,B), water area (C,B), nodal point, land use border (C,B) E Lesser than 30 m Watershed devide Tabel 3: Precision of the object position in ZABAGED The process of generating ZABAGED started in the year 1995 with the vectorization of the Basic Map of the CR 1:10 000 master films. The vectorization excluding urban areas was finished in the year 2001. In the first quarter 2004 the raw loading of the seamless database ZABAGED was completed, partly with already updated data, including urban areas and attachment of descriptive information (attributes) to the objects. First updating of the whole territory by using photogrammetric methods as well as landscape searching proceeds already from the year 2001 and will be completed by the end of the year 2005. ZABAGED is generated and operated in the MicroStation graphic environment and MGE (Intergraph) GIS environment using the ORACLE relational database. Vector files of the planimetry and altimetry without the descriptive part (attributes) are offered in DGN (possibly DXF) format. It is possible to export vector data together with

the attributes in MPD format of the MGE project, in Shapefile format (ESRI ArcInfo environment) and further in the GML format. FURTHER DATABASES USED FOR MAP OUTPUTS The data source for the geographical names in the medium scale maps is the Database of Geographical Names GEONAMES. GEONAMES provides a complete information about geographical names (names of physiographical features - altogether 68 types of named objects) and names of settlements standardized for the Basic Map of the CR 1:10 000. GEONAMES is a spatial related database, that replaced the former register system based on the list of geographic common names and on registration maps at scale 1:10 000. Database GEONAMES speeds up the access to these data, enables to analyse these data, possibly to do onomastic and historical research work and serves as well as a master for map outputs at different scales. The output from the GEONAMES database in the DGN format for a given map sheet of the Basic Map of CR at scale 1:10 000 is fully compatible with the same space composed from ZABAGED layers. The data insertion into the GEONAMES will be completed in the year 2005 and its updating will follow. For the thematic map Review of Trigonometric and Supplementary Points 1:50 000 we use the output from the Database of Trigonometric and Supplementary Points DATAZ, where all trigonometric and supplementary points from the whole territory of the Czech Republic with an overlap in the territory of neighbouring states are stored. For the thematic map Review of Levelling Network 1:50 000 we use the output from the Point Database of the Czech State Levelling Network, that contains the points of the Basic Levelling Network from the Czech Republic territory. The output of both above-mentioned Databases of Basic Point Network is also transferred into ZABAGED (category of geodetic points) and is used for the Basic Map CR 1:10 000 and the Basic Map CR 1:25 000 as well. GENERATION OF CARTOGRAPHIC MODELS ON THE BASE OF ZABAGED The Land Survey Office builds up systematically from the half of the nineties the database for the production of a new generation of basic and thematic medium scale maps. The period of the years 2000-2003 was a transition period, when the classical analogue map generation was stepwise fully reduced and replaced by digital technologies. Simultaneously the staff retraining in these digital technologies proceeded. Before starting the development of digital technologies the lists of cartographic symbols were deeply revised and modified. Therefore the new generation of state map series has been processed not only by a new technology, but it shows content changes as well. The lists of cartographic symbols were modified with regard to both the benefit and limits of the digital processing, i.e. applied software. The aim was to minimize the interactive processing and to maximize a number of operations running in batch mode. The new generation of Basic State Map series has an integrated data source, i.e. ZABAGED and the database of geographical names GEONAMES. If the data of ZABAGED (picture 1 and 2) are organized in two vector files (2D planimetry and 3D altimetry), it is possible to distinguish many objects only by the records in database tables. Particular cartographic models already have the data layered into the structure of vector files in order to find individual objects only by their graphical attributes. At first the software company VARS Brno developed the technology for the Basic Map CR 1:10 000 (ZM 10) production line (picture 3). ZABAGED vector files originated by vectorizing ZM 10 master films and afterwards a positional accuracy of planimetry was improved according to the digital ortophoto. Owing to the identical scale and the suitable selection of cartographic symbols used in the new ZM 10, this technology requires a minimum degree of cartographic generalization and a small amount of interactive data editing. The original technology was in the Land Survey Office progressively improved and has been still developed. Later the technology development of deriving the Basic Map CR 1:50 000 (ZM 50) from ZABAGED followed. ZM 50 represents a high-frequency map in the Czech Republic and is a traditional topografic base for a number of thematic maps, having often the feature of state map products. Production technology of the new ZM 50 as well as technologies of generating other basic and thematic state map products was already developed by the experts from the Land Survey Office. The processing method is characterized by a high degree of cartographic generalization. In principle it would be possible to derive ZM 50 directly from ZABAGED, but it appeared as technologically more expedient and more efficient to use the ZM 10 cartographic model for deriving the cartographic model ZM 50. It is necessary to use the printed copy of ZM 10 during the generalization process.

Picture 1: ZABAGED planimetry file Picture 2: ZABAGED altimetry file Picture 3: Basic Map CR 1:10 000 ZABAGED ZM 10 ZM 25 GEONAMES generalization process ZM 50 ZM 100 Picture 4: Schema of basic maps deriving ZM 10 is the starting master for deriving of the Basic Map CR 1:25 000 (ZM 25), similarly the Basic Map CR 1:100 000 (ZM 100) is derived from the ZM 50. With the aim of minimizing production costs of basic maps at scales 1:25 000 and 1:100 00 we have chosen a larger rate of details and appropriate cartographic symbols for these basic maps. Both technologies are then based on a similar principle the maps are derived with minimum cartographic generalization and with minimum amount of interactive editing. The picture 4 shows the schema of the basic maps deriving.

SOFTWARE The technology is based on data processing in the MGE/MicroStation software environment. The software package GIS Office 7.0 from Intergraph is used, it works as a software extension of MicroStation 95 from Bentley, running under the operating system Windows NT 4.0. GIS Office Modules: MGE Analyst MGE Basic Nucleus MGE Basic Administrator MGE Base Mapper MGE Map Finisher MGE Coordinate System Operations MGE Grid Generation For generating of the digital terrain model and contours in the interval for the appropriate derived scale the module MGE Terrain Analyst is used. Print outputs are made by the module MGE Map Finisher and the software InterPlot V 9.0 from Intergraph. Following processing proceeds in Map Publisher software environment, where the component transparency is solved. For the loading and the administration of attribute recording the database Microsoft Access 97 is used. For the vector generation software applications I/Geovec (semiautomatic vectorization) and IRAS/B (work with binary rasters) are used. Further special programs for the whole scale range have been compiled. They manage the database and project modification. Also batch files working with MGE modules, UCM orders and macros have been developed. The MicroStation software environment is most user-friendly to the operators. On the screen the operator can see objects in the user line styles in real cartographic symbols. Simultaneously the software enables easy switchover into the style without user lines, where it is possible to snap the objects mutually and to keep correct connections of vector objects in this way. MGE enables to process data in batch mode and to execute many processes in the automated mode. This is used especially for derivation of the cartographic model of ZM 10 from ZABAGED and for derivation of other cartographic models as well. It enables to generate selection files and to edit elements in queues, which extremely accelerates the manual processing. However MGE is very exacting in demands on the topologic - vector data cleanness. It is necessary to make sometimes much time consuming data checking such as before generation of the digital terrain model, generation of areas or complexing line elements (e.g. checking of duplicate points and duplicate lines). From the point of view of the automated generalization, in MGE very limited tools are available. They enable to make data selection, line filtering and smoothing and data sorting by the size of areas and lengths. Therefore most generalization operations in our technologies are made manually till now. GENERATION OF THE CARTOGRAPHIC MODEL 1:50 000 The Basic Map CR 1:50 000 (picture 5) is derived from ZABAGED by using of some steps from the generation process of the Basic Map CR 1:10 000. We use following operations that have been already done within the ZM 10 generation process modifying and completing of database tables in MGE project, resymbolization of objects with multiple features and resymbolization according to records in database tables. The technology of the ZM 50 generation itself is divided into following steps: Semiautomatic generation of the map frame Semiautomatic vectorization of the exterior sheet part over the raster from the previous ZM 50 edition Merging of ZM 10 databases Database tables completing with new columns, necessary for automatic data sorting according to selection criteria Merging of DGN ZM 10 files Data extract into the ZM 50 data structure (selection of objects) Filtering of line elements (1/3 of points are eliminated, change of geometry is not shown) Partial complexing of line elements (easier displacement)

Automated element sorting according to selection criteria (i.e. by the size of areas or length of lines) Changing types of geographical names Generation of the digital terrain model, generation of contour lines in the basic interval 10 m Merging of exterior and interior sheet parts Resymbolization into the user lines of the cartographic model ZM 50 Printing out and generation of the compilation master Interactive editing according to compilation masters (selection of elements automatically not sorted, displacement, shape modification, amalgamation and enlargement of area elements) Resymbolization in the Map Finisher environment for the purpose of the print output With respect to the high demanding generalization process the cartographic model is generated in turn for particular categories of objects in following steps: Water network Planimetry, administrative boundaries Altimetry Areas Lettering Picture 5: Basic Map CR 1:50 000 It is possible to say in general, that most objects of the final ZM 50 cartographic model are formed by editing of original ZM 10 objects. It concerns the water network, transport network, administrative boundaries, most of areas. Only the built-up areas and orchard areas are newly drawn over appropriate ZM 10 objects. As to the lettering, types of the settlement names are automatically changed. Names of the physiographical features are inserted manually along the curves (the whole lettering in GEONAMES as well as in ZM 10 are placed along the straight lines). Deriving of the cartographic ZM 50 model from scale 1:10 000 is laborious and time-consuming. However the established cartographic model is fully compatible both with other databases and with other accurate graphic sources and it can be used as an efficient base for various applications. Deriving of thematic applications based on ZM 50 is very quick and smart process, when compared with processing of ZM 50 itself. PRODUCTION OF THEMATIC MAPS BASED ON ZM 50 Early within the development of the generation technology of the ZM 50 the data structure was chosen to meet the requirements of thematic applications. In the Land Survey Office 3 series of state thematic maps based on the ZM 50 are processed at the present time: Review of Trigonometric and Supplementary Points 1:50 000 Review of Levelling Network 1:50 000 Road Map CR 1:50 000

The professional content of the map Review of Trigonometric and Supplementary Points 1:50 000 is being derived from the Database of Trigonometric and Supplementary Points DATAZ. For the map output the data are exported in DGN format. The technology itself is based on the automated resymbolization of data, solution of conflicts with the ZM 50 lettering and completing with the frame and margin data. The map Review of Levelling Network 1:50 000 is based on the Point Database of the Czech State Levelling Network. For the map output the export in the text file format is used. Batch processing running in MGE environment provides a registration of this text file into the database component of the MGE project and a transfer by using coordinates of single points into the geographic file as the cartographic symbols and points numbers. Then macro process makes a rotation of point numbers in the levelling line direction and sorting of point numbers being in critical distance (1cm) from other points of the same levelling line (automated division into numbers to be printed and not to be printed). Thereafter vectorizing of elements without any database representation in coordinates is necessary to do (i.e. lines of the IV. class and grid levelling network), as well as conflicts with ZM 50 objects must be solved and at last a frame and margin data are completed. The Road Map CR 1:50 000 (SM 50) is one of the most important thematic maps based on ZM 50. After generating of ZM 50 approximately one half of the SM 50 thematic content is extracted by using batch process from ZABAGED and from ZM 50. From ZM 50 road fillings are extracted and from ZABAGED lettering information (e.g. numbers of bridges, tunnels, level crossings, nodal points) are extracted. Both a pointer of the relevant object and the object number under the given angle are inserted automatically (picture 6). The position of these lettering information is edited manually in view of the content of ZM 50. Remaining symbols are completed according to the underlaying raster of the original SM 50 (picture 7). Picture 6: SM 50 before manual editations Picture 7: SM 50 after manual editations CONCLUSION The new series of state and thematic maps is positively appreciated by the users and professional community as well. The Cartographic Association of the Czech Republic awarded ZM 10 with the price acknowledgement The Map of the year 2001 in the category of atlases, map sets, and map editions. In the year 2003 the map SM 50 got a special award of the Cartographic Association of the Czech Republic for the new quality processing of the thematic state map series. In the half of the year 2006 the first edition of the Basic Map of the Czech Republic 1:10 000 derived from ZABAGED will cover the whole territory of the Czech Republic. Covering the whole territory of the CR by the new Basic Map CR 1:50 000 is supposed to be ready till the end of the year 2007. It means that a capacity needed for a faster generation of other derived cartographic models of the Czech Republic will be available. The first edition of the Basic Map CR 1:25 000 and of the Basic Map CR 1:100 000 covering the whole territory of the CR is supposed to be completed in the year 2008. At the present time the needs of technological changes for the period of the updating of cartographic models are analyzed. It is supposed, that the MicroStation software will continue to be used for basic cartographic processing, as it is a highly user-friendly environment and the SW experts from the Land Survey Office made a range of macro

processes and UCM commands to enhance MicroStation technologies. It is imperative to find a replacement for MGE. Unfortunately it is not possible to operate MGE under more recent operation systems and latest versions of MicroStation, because its development was stopped. One of the possible solutions could be to replace the MGE by a MicroStation product GeoGraphics from Bentley in connection with the product Mercator from Star Informatic for print outputs. In the phase of updating cartographic models of the new state and thematic maps series their gradual deriving is no more supposed. The update of single cartographic models by using ZABAGED data change is planned. However the present state of the ZABAGED administration and update already does not fulfill all demands on some important fields, especially on the field of IT technologies development. The administrator of ZABAGED (the Land Survey Office) decided therefore to improve it by a public tender, its range specification was published in March of this year. The expected contribution of the new solution of the administration and updating of ZABAGED as the data source for the generation of state map series is especially the start of managing the history of changes in the database and providing the data changes. An important project of the Land Survey Office with a positive effect for the updating of state map series is also the shortening of the updating cycle to 3 years (in accordance with the cycle of the aerial photography secured by the COSMC) and the beginning of the continuous updating of important object types. REFERENCES PLISCHKE, V. UHLÍØ, J.: Present State of the Fundamental Base of Geographic Data. Geodetický a kartografický obzor, 43(85), 1997, No.8-9 VOLKMEROVÁ, O. KØÍŽEK, M.: Digital Processing of Master Films of the Basic Map CR 1:10 000 on the Base of ZABAGED. Geodetický a kartografický obzor, 45(87), 1999, No.7-8 ŠVEHLOVÁ, I.: Use of GEONAMES for the Accounting of Geographical Names at the Workplace of the Commission on Geographical Names of COSMC. Geodetický a kartografický obzor, 46(88), 2000, No.5 BOØKOVCOVÁ, J. KØÍŽEK, M.: Vectorized Basic Map CR 1:50 000 Derived from ZABAGED. Geodetický a kartografický obzor, 47(89), 2001, No.8-9 AUTHORS JAROSLAVA BOØKOVCOVÁ graduated from the Faculty of Land Surveying of the Czech Technical University in Prague, Branch Geodesy and Cartography. She works in the Land Survey Office as the chief of the digital cartography department. She is engaged in the generation of basic and thematic state maps. She took part in the development of digital technologies of the Basic Maps 1:50 000 and 1:100 000 of new generation and thematic maps 1:50 000. She presents the digital processing of these maps at seminars and cartographic conferences organised for the Czech and Slovak specialists (e.g. The 14 th Cartographic conference in Plzeò, 2001). She published in the professional journal Geodetický a kartografický obzor (Geodetic and Cartographic Review, 2001), edited by the Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre and by the Office for Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre of the Slovak Republic. DANUŠE SVOBODOVÁ graduated from the Faculty of Land Surveying of the Czech Technical University in Prague, Branch Geodesy and Cartography. She works in the Land Survey Office as the head of the Section for Land Surveying and the deputy director. Apart from others she is concerned with the conception of next development of ZABAGED. For some years she worked as the chief of the workplace providing the generation of maps at particular scales of the state mape series and the ZABAGED updating in the North Bohemian region and she took part of the digital technologies introduction. She took part with the Department of Geography of the Technical University in Liberec on providing of special lectures on cartography, on the competence of COMC etc.