INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2076 Fourth edition 1999-10-15 Textiles Man-made fibres Generic names Textiles Fibres chimiques Noms génériques A Reference number
Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 2076 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38, Textiles. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 2076:1989) which has been technically revised. ISO 1999 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case postale 56 CH-1211 Genève 20 Switzerland Internet iso@iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO Textiles Man-made fibres Generic names 1 Scope This International Standard lists the generic names used to designate the different categories of man-made fibres currently manufactured on an industrial scale for textile and other purposes, together with the distinguishing attributes that characterize them. The term man-made fibres has been adopted for those fibres obtained by a manufacturing process, as distinct from materials which occur naturally in fibrous form 2 General The entries in Table 1 are organized into the four following principle elements. 2.1 Generic name (e.g. acetate) This is the name to be used for the fibre whose attributes are described under the heading Distinguishing attribute in Table 1. Use of this name shall be limited to those fibres that contain not more than 15 % (m/m) of fibreforming additives (no limit is placed upon the proportion of additives that are not fibre-forming). In both the English and the French languages, the generic name shall be written without capital letters. The generic name may also be used to describe textile products (yarns, fabrics etc.) made from man-made fibres, in which case it is accepted that the manufacturing process may have modified the distinguishing attribute. 2.2 Code (e.g. CA) This is a two- to four-letter designation used to faciltate the naming of man-made fibres, e.g. in sales and technical literature. In some cases the coding system given to textile fibres is different from the one used for plastics. 2.3 Distinguishing attributes These are attributes that differentiate one fibre from all others. Chemical difference, which often results in distinctive property differences, is the main basis for classification in this International Standard; other attributes are used where necessary to differentiate between otherwise similar man-made fibres. The distinguishing attributes are not necessarily those by which the fibres might be identified or the same as those used for naming chemical molecules, nor are they necessarily suitable for the analysis of fibre mixtures. NOTE In these descriptions the concepts group, linkage and unit have been used in the following manner: group is used to denote, eg., hydroxyl groups on acetate; linkage is used to denote a chemical bond; unit is used to denote a repeating element. 2.4 Examples of chemical formulae These are an indication of the chemical structure of the fibre. The examples do not comprise mandatory elements of this International Standard given that in some cases the same chemical formula may be shared by more than one type of fibre; e.g. cellulose II is shared by cupro, lyocell, modal and viscose. 1
ISO 3 Generic names Table 1 Generic names Code Distinguishing attribute Examples of chemical formulae 3.1 cupro a CUP Cellulose fibre obtained by the cuprammonium process. Cellulose II: 3.2 lyocell CLY A cellulose fibre obtained by an organic solvent spinning process. It is understood that: 1) an organic solvent means essentially a mixture of organic chemicals and water and 2) solvent spinning means dissolving and spinning without the formation of a derivative. 3.3 modal a CMD Cellulose fibre having a high breaking strength and a high wet modulus. The breaking strength B c in the conditioned state and the force B W required to produce an elongation of 5 % in its wet state are Cellulose II: Cellulose ll: B c 13, LD + 2LD Bw 05, LD where LD is the mean linear density (mass per unit length) in decitex. B c and B W are expressed in centinewtons. 3.4 viscose a CV Cellulose fibre obtained by the viscose process. Cellulose II: 3.5 acetate CA Cellulose acetate fibre in which less than 92 %, but at least 74 %, of the hydroxyl groups are acetylated. Secondary cellulose acetate: where X H or CH 3 CO and the degree of esterification is at least 2,22 but less than 2,76. 2
ISO Table 1 (continued) Generic names Code Distinguishing attribute Examples of chemical formulae 3.6 triacetate CTA Cellulose acetate fibre in which at least 92 % of the hydroxyl groups are acetylated. 3.7 alginate ALG Fibre obtained from the metal salts of alginic acid Cellulose triacetate: where X H or CH 3 CO and the degree of esterification is between 2,76 and 3. Calcium alginate: 3.8 acrylic PAN Fibre composed of linear chain at least 85 % by mass of acrylonitrile repeating units Polyacrylonitrile: and acrylic copolymers: 3.9 aramid AR Fibre composed of linear macromolecules made up of aromatic groups joined by amide or imide linkages, at least 85 % of the amide or imide linkages being joined directly to two aromatic rings and the number of imide linkages, if the latter are present, not exceeding the number of amide linkages. 3.10 chlorofibre CLF Fibre composed of linear chain more than 50 % by mass of vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride units (more than 65 % in the case in which the rest of the chain is made up of acrylonitrile, the modacrylic fibres being thus excluded). EXAMPLE 1: EXAMPLE 2: NOTE - In example 1, the aromatic groups may be the same or different. Poly(vinyl chloride): and poly(vinylidene chloride): 3
ISO Table 1 (continued) Generic name Code Distinguishing attribute Examples of chemical formulae 3.11 elastane b EL Fibre composed of at least 85 % by mass of a segmented polyurethane and which, if stretched to three times its unstretched length, rapidly reverts substantially to the unstretched length when the tension is removed. 3.12 elastodiene b, c ED Fibre composed of natural or synthetic polyisoprene, or of one or more dienes polymerized with or without one or more vinyl monomers, and which, if stretched to three times its unstretched length, rapidly reverts substantially to the unstretched length when the tension is removed. Macromolecules having alternate elastic and rigid segments with repetition of the group Natural polyisoprene extracted from the latex of Hevea brasiliensis, vulcanized: 3.13 fluorofibre PTFE Fibre composed of linear macromolecules made from aliphatic fluorocarbon monomers. Polytetrafluoroethylene: 3.14 modacrylic MAC Fibre composed of linear chain at least 50 % and less than 85 % by mass of acrylonitrile. Acrylic copolymers: If X H and Y CI: poly(acrylonitrile or vinyl chloride) If X Y CI:poly(acrylonitrile or vinylidene chloride) 3.15 polyamide d or nylon PA Fibre composed of linear chain recurring amide linkages, at least 85 % of which are joined to aliphatic or cycloaliphatic units. Polyhexamethylene adipamide (polyamide 6-6): Polycaproamide (polyamide 6): 4